Contents
List of Entries viii List of Contributors ix Introduction and Acknowledgments xxx Joan Lebold Cohen xxxviii Volume 1 Abacus to Cult of Maitreya Volume 2 Cultural Revolution to HU Yaobang Volume 3 Huai River to Old Prose Movement Volume 4 Olympics Games of 2008 to TANG Yin Volume 5 Tangshan Earthquake, Great to ZUO Zongtang Image Sources Volume 5, page 2666 Index Volume 5, page 2667
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List of Entries
Abacus Academia Sinica Acrobatics Acupuncture Adoption Africa-China Relations Agricultural Cooperatives Movement Agriculture Agro-geography American Chamber of Commerce in China Ami Harvest Festival An Lushan (An Shi) Rebellion Analects Ancestor Worship Anhui Province Antidrug Campaigns Anti-Spiritual Pollution Campaign Anyang Aquaculture Archaeology and Paleontology Architecture Art, Contemporary Artifact Preservation
Asian Games Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Atheism Australia China Friendship Society Australia-China Relations Auto Industry Autonomous Areas BA Jin Bamboo Bank of China Banking—History Banking—Modern Banque de l’Indochine Baojia Baosteel Group Beijing Beijing Consensus Bian Que Bianzhong Bishu Shanzhuang Black Gold Politics Blogs Blue Shirts Society BO Juyi Bohai Economic Region
viii © 2009 by Berkshire Publishing Group LLC
BORODIN, Mikhail Boxer Protocol (Xinchou Treaty) Boxer Rebellion Boycotts and Economic Nationalism BRIDGMAN, E. C. British American Tobacco Company British Association for Chinese Studies British Chamber of Commerce in China Bronzes of the Shang Dynasty Brookings Institution Buddhism Buddhism, Chan Buddhism, Four Sacred Sites of Buddhism, Persecution of Buddhism, Pure Land Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhist Association of China Bureau of Religious Affairs BURLINGAME, Anson Butterfield and Swire Butterfly Lovers
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List of Entries
Cadre System CAI Yuanpei Calendar Calligraphy Canada China Business Council Canton Fair Canton System Cantonese (Yue) CAO Xueqin CAO Yu Caoyun System Cartography Cashmere Industry Celadon Central Asia–China Relations Changling Mausoleum CHEN Cheng CHEN Duxiu CHEN Kaige CHEN Shui-bian CHEN Yifei CHEN Yun CHEN Ziang Chengdu CHIANG Ching-kuo CHIANG Kai-shek China Daily China in World History China Institute in America China National Radio China-Britain Business Council China-Japan Peace and Friendship Treaty Chinatowns Chinese Central Television Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Chinese Construction Bank Chinese Nationalist Party Chinese, Classical Chinese-American Networking Symposium Chinggis Khan Chongqing Chongyang Festival Chopsticks Christianity
Chuci Cinema Civil Service Examinations Civil War 1945–1949 Cixi, Empress Dowager Climate and Vegetation Climate Change—E xport Emissions Climate Change—I nternational Cooperation Cloisonné Clothing, Traditional Clothing, Traditional—Hong Kong Clothing, Traditional—Taiwan Clothing, Traditional—Tibet Committee of 100 Committee on Scholarly Communication with China Communications, External Communist Youth League Compendium of Materia Medica Confucian Ethics Confucian Sites at Qufu Confucian Temples Confucianism Confucianism–Revival Confucius Confucius Institutes Consumerism Corporate Social Responsibility Corruption COSCO Group Courtyard Houses (Siheyuan) Creative Economy Crimes and Punishments Criminal Justice System CUI Jian Cuisines Cult of Maitreya Cultural Revolution Cunguan Currency Currency Valuation Cyberspace Dalai Lama
© 2009 by Berkshire Publishing Group LLC
Dalian Danwei Dao (the Way) Daoism—Philosophy Daoism—Religion Daoist Temples Daqing Dayan Pagoda Dazangjing (Great Treasury Scriptures) Dazhai Dazu Rock Carvings Debt, Foreign Defense Industry Democratic Progressive Party DENG Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping’s Southern Tour Development Zones DING Ling Disability Disasters Divination DONG Qichang DONG Zhongshu Dragon Boat Festival Drama Dream of the Red Chamber DU Fu Duilian Dujiangyan Irrigation System Dunhuang Caves East Asia, Chinese Influence in East China Sea East China Sea Oil Exploitation Economic System Education System Education, Adult Education, Compulsory Education, Special Eight Revolutionary Model Dramas Eight-Legged Essay Encyclopedias and Dictionaries Energy Industry Energy Policy Energy Security Energy, Renewable
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Enterprise Income Tax Environmental History—A ncient Environmental History—Modern Environmental Movements Environmental Studies Erhu Erlitou Culture Ethnic Minorities Ethnic Relations Eunuchs Examinations, Imperial Exploration, Maritime Export Controls, U.S. Extraterritoriality Famine FAN Xudong February 28th Incident FEI Xiaotong FENG Guifen Feng Shui Filial Piety Fireworks and Firecrackers Fishing Industry Fishing Industry—Taiwan Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period Five Elements, The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence Five-Anti Campaign Five-Yuan System Food Safety Foot-binding The Forbidden City Foreign Investment Foreign Trade Forest Resources 48 Group Club Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism Fubing System Fudan University Fujian Province Gambling Gang of Four Gansu Province
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Gardens Geography Ginseng Golden Lotus, The Goldfish Governance Principles Governance System, Dual Grand Canal Grasslands Great Britain–China Centre Great Leap Forward Great Wall Great West Development Plan Greater Xing’an Range Green Gang GU Yanwu GUAN Hanqing Guangdong Province Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Guangzhou (Canton) Guanxi Guanyin Guilin Guizhou Province Gunpowder and Rocketry GUO Moruo Guohua (National-Style Painting) HAI Rui Haier Hainan Province Hakka Hakka Languages Han Han Dynasty Han Rhapsodists Han Yu Hangzhou Hanlin Academy (Hanlin Yuan) Harbin Health Care System Health, Nutrition, and Food Heaven and Earth Society Hebei Province Heilongjiang Province Henan Province
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Berkshire Encyclopedia of China
Hengduan Ranges High-Technology Sector Historical Geography HIV/AIDS Hmong Homosexuality Hong Kong Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Hong Merchants HONG Shen Hongcun and Xidi Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) Hongze Lake Hopkins–Nanjing Center HOU Debang Household Responsibility System HU Die HU Jintao HU Shi HU Yaobang Huai River Huang (Yellow) River Huang Shan HUANG Zongxi Huangdi Neijing Huanglongsi Huawei Huayan Buddhism Hubei Province Hui Huineng Human Rights Humor Hunan Province Hundred Days Reform Hundred Flowers Campaign Hundred Schools of Thought Hungry Ghost Festival Hutong I Ching (Classic of Changes) India-China Relations Indigenous Peoples—Taiwan Indochina-China Relations Industrialization
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Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Intellectual Property Rights Internet Content Filtering Internet Industry Internet Use Iron Rice Bowl Islam Jade Japan-China Relations Jardine Matheson Group JIAN Zhen JIANG Zemin Jiangsu Province Jiangxi Province Jilin Province Jingdezhen Jiuzhaigou Journalism Reform Journey to the West Judaism Junk Jurchen Jin Dynasty KANG Youwei Kangxi, Emperor Kao-hsiung Khubilai Khan KONG Xiangxi Korea-China Relations Korean War Kumarajiva Kunlun Mountains Kunqu Lacquerware Lansing-Ishii Agreement LAO She Laozi Latin America–China Relations Law, Imperial Leadership—Ethnic Minority Leadership—Future Scenarios LEE Teng-hui LEE, Ang Legal System—History Legalist School Lenovo
Lhasa LI Bai LI Dazhao LI Hongzhang LI Peng LI Qingzhao LI Shangyin LI Shizhen LIANG Qichao Liaoning Province Liaozhai Zhiyi Lifan Yuan LIN Biao Literature Little Red Book (Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong) LIU Gongquan LIU Shaoqi LIU Xiang The Long March Longmen Grottoes LU Ban LU Xun Lushan Conference MA Ying-jeou Macao Special Administrative Region Macao—History Machinery and Equipment Industry Magazines Magnetism Manchu Manchuria Manchurian Incident Mandarin MAO Zedong Mao Zedong, Collected Works of Mao Zedong, Evaluation of Marriage and Family Marriage, Imperial Martial Arts (Wushu) MARTIN, William Alexander Parsons Massage Mausoleum of Dr. Sun Yat-sen
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Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huangdi Mawangdui Han Tombs May First Labor Festival May Fourth Movement Medicine, Traditional MEI Lanfang Mencius MI Fu Miao Mid-Autumn Festival (Zhong Qiu) Migrant Workers Migration, Interregional Military Modernization Military, Imperial Min Mineral Resources Ming and Qing Novels Ming Dynasty Ming Maritime Expeditions Ming-Qing Archives Missionary Education Mobile Communications Mogao Caves Mongolia, China, and Russia Relations Monument to the People’s Heroes Moso Mount Emei Mount Tai Mount Wudang Moxibustion Mozi Music, Contemporary Music, Traditional Musical Instruments Naming System Nanjing Nanjing Massacre National Committee on United States–China Relations National Day National Resources Commission National Taiwan University Natural Preserve Zones Natural Resource Preservation Needham Research Institute
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NEEDHAM, Joseph Neo-Confucianism Nestorians New Culture Movement New Life Movement New Rural Reconstruction Movement New Year (Spring Festival) Newspaper Development 92 Consensus Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Northeast Region, Revival of Old Prose Movement Olympic Games of 2008 Olympic Games—H istory One-Child Policy Open Door Policy Opera, Beijing Opera, Regional Opera, Yue Opium Trade Opium War, First Opium War, Second Oracle Bones Overseas Chinese Painting Painting—Court Painting—Flower and Bird Painting—Folk Painting—Landscape Pakistan-China Relations Paleolithic Era Panda Paper Cutting Papermaking and Printing Pawnshops Peace Reigns over the River Pear Garden Pearl River Peking Man Peking University Peony Pavilion People’s Courts People’s Daily
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People’s Liberation Army Perspectives on China—Western Perspectives on the United States—Chinese Piaohao Ping-Pong Diplomacy Pingyao City Pipa Poetry Political Participation POLO, Marco Porcelain Potala Palace Potsdam Conference Poyang, Lake Project Hope Property Law Proverbs and Sayings Publishing Industry Pudong New District Qi QI Baishi Qianzhuang Qin Dynasty Qing Dynasty Qing Grand Council Qinghai Province Qinghua University Qingke Qingming Festival Qinling Range QIU Jin Quan Tangshi Quemoy and Matsu Red Guard Organizations Reforms since 1978–1979 Religion, Folk Religious Practice, Contemporary Religious Practice, Historical Republican Revolution of 1911–1912 Revolutions RICCI, Matteo RICHARD, Timothy River Elegy (Heshang) Romance of Three Kingdoms RUAN Lingyu
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Berkshire Encyclopedia of China
Rural Reconstruction Movement Russia-China Relations Sanxingdui SARS SAUMA, Rabban SCHALL von BELL, Johann Adam Science, Traditional Self-Strengthening Movement Shaanxi Province Shadow Plays and Puppetry Shandong Province Shang Dynasty Shanghai Shanghai Communiqué Shangri-La Shanxi Province SHEN Congwen Shenyang Shenyang Imperial Palace Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Shenzhou Space Project Shijing Shikumen Sichuan Province Silk Silver SIMA Xiangru Sino-American Commercial Treaty Sino-Japanese War, First Sino-Swedish Expedition Sino-Tibetan Languages Sixteen Kingdoms SNOW, Edgar Parks Social Associations Social Harmony Social Networking, Online Social Stratification Social Values Socialist Spiritual Civilization Society of Jesus Sociology Soil Erosion Song Dynasty Song Lyrics (Ci) SOONG Mei-l ing SOONG Ziwen
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Southeast Asia–China Relations Southeast Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 Southern and Northern Dynasties Southern Three and Northern Four Banks Southern Weekend Space Program Special Economic Zones Sports Sports Sponsorship Sports Training System Spratly Islands Dispute St. John’s University STILWELL, Joseph Stock Markets Storytelling STUART, John Leighton Su Shi Sui Dynasty Sui Wendi Sui Yangdi Summer Palace of Yiheyuan SUN Daolin SUN Yat-sen Sunzi Super Girl Supervisory System, Ancient Sustainable Development Suzhou Tai Chi Tainan Taipei Taiping Rebellion Taiwan (Republic of China) Taiwan Economic Miracle Taiwan Strait (Cross-Strait Relations) Taiwan–China Relations Taklimakan Desert Tang Dynasty Tang Taizong TANG Xianzu TANG Yin Tangshan Earthquake, Great TAO Yuanming
Tarim Basin Taxation and Taxes Tea and Tea Culture Television Television—Dramas and Reality Shows Television—News Temple of Heaven Terracotta Soldiers Terrorism Textile and Clothing Industry Textiles Third Front Policy Thirteen Ming Tombs Three and Five Antis Campaigns Three Fundamental Bonds and Five Constant Virtues Three Gorges Dam Three Obediences and the Four Virtues TIAN Han Tian Shan Tiananmen Square Tiangan Dizhi Tianjin Tiantai Tibet (Xizang) Autonomous Region Tibetan Uprising of 1959 Tibetans (Zang) Tigers Tofu Tongdian Tourism Township and Village Enterprises Toy Industry Trading Patterns, China Seas Transfer Gas from West to East Program Transportation Systems Treaty of Tianjin Treaty of Wangxia Tribute System Tujia Twelve Muqam Twenty-One Demands
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United Front Strategy United Kingdom–China Relations United Nations–China Relations United States–China Relations University Education Urban Geography Urbanization U.S.-China Business Council U.S.-China Education Trust Uygurs VERBIEST, Father Ferdinand Vernacular Language Movement Versailles Peace Conference Video Games Vietnam–China Relations WANG Fuzhi WANG Jingwei WANG Mian WANG Wei WANG Xianzhi WANG Xizhi Wang Yangming School WANG Yiting Warring States Period Water Conservation Water Margin Water Resources WEN Jiabao Wencheng, Princess WEN Tingyun WENG Wenhao Wenzhou Model White Terror Wine Culture Wokou Women, Role of Word Radicals World Expo 2010—Shanghai World Heritage Sites World Trade Organization World War II in Asia Wound Literature Wu WU Changshi WU Zetian Wulingyuan Scenic Reserve
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Xia Dynasty Xi’an Xi’an City Wall Xi’an Incident Xiang Xiang Dialects XIE Jin XIN Qiji Xinhua News Agency Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Xixia XU Beihong XU Guangqi XU Haifeng XU Zhimo Xuanzang Xunzi Yalta Agreement YAN Zhenqing Yan’an Rectification Campaign YANG Zhu Yangge
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Yangshao Culture Yangzi (Chang) River Yangzi (Chang) River Bridge at Nanjing Yangzi Delta Economic Region Yao YAO Ming Yellow Sea YEN, Y. C. James Yi Yin and Yang Yin Ruins (Yinxu) Yin–Yang Theory Yokohama Specie Bank Yongle Dadian Yongle, Emperor (ZHU Di) Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi Yuan Drama Yuan Dynasty YUAN Shikai Yuanming Yuan, Ruins of YUNG Wing Yungang Caves
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Berkshire Encyclopedia of China
Yunnan Province ZENG Guofan ZHANG Daqian ZHANG Yimou ZHANG Zhidong ZHAO Mengfu ZHAO Ziyang Zhaozhou Bridge Zhejiang Province ZHENG Chenggong ZHENG He Zhong Yong (Doctrine of the Mean) Zhou Dynasty ZHOU Enlai ZHOU Xuexi ZHOU Zuoren ZHU De ZHU Xi ZHU Yuanzhang Zhuang Zodiac Zuglakang Monastery ZUO Zongtang
List of Contributors
Aervitz, Irina George Mason University Industrialization Northeastern Region, Revival of
Wen Jiabao World Expo 2010–Shanghai Yangzi (Chang) River ( co-author: Leitich, Keith)
Allan, Sarah Dartmouth College Erlitou Culture
Andressen, Curtis National Chengchi University Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum Southeast Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 World Trade Organization
Bai, Di Drew University Caoyun System Harbin Heilongjiang Province Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Jilin Province Liaoning Province Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
Aneja, Urvashi Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies Pakistan-China Relations
Banister, Judith The Conference Board Marriage and Family
Arkush, David University of Iowa Fei Xiaotong
Bartlett, Beatrice Yale University Ming-Qing Archives Qing Grand Council Yung Wing
Amer, Ramses Center for Pacific Asia Studies Indochina-China Relations Vietnam-China Relations Anderson, E. N. University of California, Riverside Cuisines Health, Nutrition, and Food Anderson, Wendell Berkshire Publishing Group Auto Industry Banking, Modern (co-author: Eldridge, Scott, II) Chengdu (co-author: Nielsen, Bent) Chongqing ( co-author: Nielsen, Bent) Magazines ( co-author: Shao Peiren)
Augustin-Jean, Louis Illinois Institute of Technology Fujian Province Guangdong Province Township and Village Enterprises
Baensch, Robert New York University Publishing Industry
Bartlett, Thomas La Trobe University Song Dynasty
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Baumler, Alan Indiana University of Pennsylvania Boxer Rebellion Extraterritoriality Opium War, First Treaty of Tianjin Twenty-One Demands Belkin, Ira Ford Foundation Criminal Justice System Bell, Daniel Tsinghua University Confucianism—Revival Benn, Charles University of Hawaii Sui Dynasty Sui Wendi Sui Yangdi Bian, Morris Auburn University Danwei National Resources Commission Weng Wenhao Bian, Yanjie University of Minnesota Sociology Blair, John Beijing Foreign Studies University Divination (co-author: McCormack, Jerusha) Governance Principles (co-author: McCormack, Jerusha) Governance System, Dual (co- author: McCormack, Jerusha) Proverbs and Sayings (co-author: McCormack, Jerusha) Sunzi ( co-author: McCormack, Jerusha) Blum, Susan University of Notre Dame Autonomous Areas Social Values Bodman, Richard St. Olaf College River Elegy (Heshang) (co-author: Wan, Pin P.)
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Brown, Kerry Chatham House, London Beijing Consensus Communist Youth League Cultural Revolution Currency Valuation Daqing Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping’s Southern Tour Reforms since 1978–1979 Social Harmony United K ingdom–China Relations Buck, David University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Chinese Nationalist Party Lee T eng-hui Shandong Province Soong Ziwen Wang Jingwei Xi’an Incident Buell, Paul Western Washington University Ginseng Jurchen Jin Dynasty Khubilai Khan Lifan Yuan Polo, Marco Tea and Tea Culture Tofu Xixia Campbell, Joel Kansai Gaidai University Chen Yun Li Peng Campi, A licia U.S.–Mongolia Advisory Group Cashmere Industry Tibetans (Zang) Yao Zhuang Cao, Qing Liverpool John Moores University Perspectives on C hina—Western
© 2009 by Berkshire Publishing Group LLC
Berkshire Encyclopedia of China
Caprio, Mark Rikkyo University United Front Strategy Cen, Yuhao Indiana University Fudan University (co-author: Ross, Heidi) St. John’s University (co-author: Ross, Heidi) Chai, Winberg University of Wyoming Chen Cheng Chen Shui-bian Chiang C hing-kuo Chiang K ai-shek Democratic Progress Party February 28th Incident Ma Ying-jeou 92 Consensus Soong M ei-ling Taiwan (Republic of China) Taiwan Strait (Cross-Strait Relations) Taiwan-China Relations Chan, K am-w ing University of Washington Migration, Interregional Urban Geography Chan, Timothy Hong Kong Baptist University Bo Juyi Chuci Li Bai Quan Tangshi Sima Xiangru Wang Wei Chan, Wellington Occidental College Hong Merchants Chang Jui-te Academia Sinica Academia Sinica National Taiwan University
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Chang, Teh-Kuang Ball State University Hangzhou Peking University Qinghua University Shanghai Chao, Anne R ice University Chen Duxiu New Culture Movement Chen B ao-x ing China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Acupuncture (co-author: LeCompte, Garé) Massage (co-author: LeCompte, Garé) Medicine, Traditional ( co-author: LeCompte, Garé) Moxibustion (co-author: LeCompte, Garé) Chen, Huaiyu Arizona State University Buddhism, Tibetan Daoism—Religion Dazangjing Nestorians Chen, Matthew R ice University Jardine Matheson Group Lenovo
Cheng, Linsun University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth Banking, History
Cox, Howard University of Worcester British American Tobacco Company
Cheng Shengkui Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research Energy, Renewable (co-authors: Shen Lei and Xu Zengrang)
Croizier, Ralph University of Victoria Revolutions
Chiou-Peng, TzeHuey University of Illinois at U rbana- Champaign Dayan Pagoda Dazu Rock Carvings Forbidden City Shenyang Imperial Palace Summer Palace of Yi Heyuan Chou, Diana Case Western Reserve University Chen Yifei Painting—Folk Painting—Landscape Christensen, Karen Berkshire Publishing Group Internet Use ( co-author: Guo Liang) Ping-Pong Diplomacy Social Networking, Online (co- author: Li, Jonathan Qiang)
Chen Shiwei Lake Forest College Cixi, Empress Dowager Yuan Shikai Zuo Zongtang
Chung, Stephanie Hong Kong Baptist University Hundred Flowers Campaign Long March Three and Five Antis Campaign
Chen, Xu BOP Consulting Creative Economy ( co-author: Howkins, John)
Cliver, Robert Humboldt State University Third Front Policy
Chen, Yixin University of North Carolina, Wilmington Yi
Conrad, Bjoern Global Public Policy Institute Sports Training System
Chen, Zhihong Cornell University Borodin, Mikhail
Cook, Constance Lehigh University Zhou Dynasty
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Cunha, Stephen Humboldt State University Tarim Basin Three Gorges Dam Tian Shan Dai, Yingcong William Paterson University Taiping Rebellion Dass, Nirmal Ryerson University Ba Jin Calendar Chen Zi’ang Du Fu Han Yu Huayan Buddhism Jian Zhen Kumarajiva Li Qingzhao Old Prose Movement Pear Garden Richard, Timothy Stuart, John Leighton Tao Yuanming Three Obediences and the Four Virtues Tiantai Verbiest, Father Ferdinand Wang Yangming School Wen Tingyun Xu Zhimo Xunzi Zhong Yong (Doctrine of the Mean) Zuglakang Monastery Davis, Michael Northern Missouri State University Tai Chi
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de Bary, William Theodore Columbia University Neo-Confucianism Deibert, Ronald University of Toronto Internet Content Filtering DeMarco, Michael Journal of the Asian Martial Arts Martial Arts (Wushu) (co-author: Muchmore, Nicole) Deng, Kent London School of Economics Exploration, Maritime Ding, Peiyi University of Queensland Tourism (co-author: Scott, Noel) Ditmanson, Peter Colby College Hai Rui Ming Dynasty Tongdian Yongle Dadian Yongle, Emperor (Zhu Di) Dobbs, Charles Iowa State University Hundred Days Reform Lin Biao ( co-author: Muchmore, Nicole) Self-Strengthening Movement Dolan, Thomas Columbus State University Artifact Preservation Civil War (1945–1949) Korea-China Relations Ming Maritime Expeditions Missionary Education People’s Courts Stilwell, Joseph World War II in Asia
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Du Junfei Nanjing University Internet Industry Eldridge, Scott, II Berkshire Publishing Group Banking, Modern (co-author: Anderson, Wendell) Export Controls, U.S. Intellectual Property Rights Sports Sponsorship Ellis, Linden China Environment Forum, Woodrow Wilson Center Aquaculture ( co-author: Turner, Jennifer) Food Safety (co-author: Turner, Jennifer) Elman, Benjamin Princeton University Civil Service Examinations Eight-Legged Essay Endicott, Elizabeth Middlebury College Yuan Dynasty Eng, Robert University of Redlands Chen Kaige Fishing Industry Foot-binding Machinery and Equipment Industry Textile and Clothing Industry Toy Industry Fan, C. Cindy University of California, Los Angeles Jiangsu Province Migrant Workers Urbanization Fan Hong University College Cork Olympic Games—History
Dott, Brian R. W hitman College Mount Tai (Taishan)
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Berkshire Encyclopedia of China
Field, Andrew University of New South Wales Changling Mausoleum Grand Canal Great Wall Field, Stephen Trinity University Feng Shui Five Elements Qi Yin and Yang Forage, Paul Florida Atlantic University Junk Magnetism Papermaking and Printing Science, Traditional Silk Foret, Philippe University of Nottingham Bishu Shanzhuang Yuanming Yuan, Ruins of Freeman, Carla Johns Hopkins University Africa-China Relations Fu Jinhe International Network for Bamboo and Rattan Bamboo Gale, Robert University of New South Wales Energy Industry Gaubatz, Piper University of Massachusetts Grasslands Georg, Stefan University of Leiden Sino-Tibetan Languages Gerber, Lydia Washington State University Martin, William Alexander Parsons Ricci, Matteo Schall von Bell, Johann Adam Society of Jesus
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Gerth, Karl University of Oxford Boycotts and Economic Nationalism Consumerism
Guo Ke Shanghai International Studies University Communications, External
Gladney, Dru Pomona College Ethnic Relations
Guo Liang Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Internet Use (co-author: Christensen, Karen)
Goldin, Paul Rakita University of Pennsylvania Warring States Period Golkin-Kadonaga, Arline Los Angeles Pierce College Famine Grasso, June Boston University Chinatowns Debt, Foreign Lansing-Ishii Agreement Potsdam Conference Shanghai Communique Sino-American Commercial Treaty United Nations–China Relations United States–China Relations Greene, Megan University of Kansas Calligraphy Hong Kong Groot, Gerry University of Adelaide Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Gullett, Warwick University of Wollongong Fishing Industry—Taiwan Transportation Systems Gunn, Edward Cornell University Literature Gunn, Geoffrey Nagasaki University Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Macao Special Administrative Region
Guttmann, Allen Amherst College Sports Harcourt, Tim Australian Trade Commission Australia-China Relations Harper, Katherine Anne Loyola Marymount University Jade Harris, Lane University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Baojia Green Gang New Life Movement Harris, Rachel University of London Music, Traditional Twelve Muqam Hawks, Shelley Drake Boston University Mao Zedong, Evaluation of Zhou Enlai Hayford, Charles Northwestern University New Rural Reconstruction Movement Rural Reconstruction Movement Yen, Y. C. James He Wenfa Communication University of China Blogs ( co-author: Hong, Junhao) Cyberspace (co-author: Hong, Junhao)
© 2009 by Berkshire Publishing Group LLC
Super Girl (co-author: Hong, Junhao) Video Games ( co-author: Hong, Junhao) Heberer, Thomas Gerhard- Mercator University, Duisburg Cadre System Corruption Guanxi Political Participation Social Associations Hegel, Robert Washington University Poetry Hill, Ronald University of Hong Kong Guizhou Province Ho, W an-li Emory University Judaism Hong, Junhao State University of New York at Buffalo Blogs ( co-author: He Wenfa) Cyberspace (co-author: He Wenfa) Super Girl (co-author: He Wenfa) Television Video Games ( co-author: He Wenfa) Horgan, John Concordia University Disasters Houser, Trevor Visiting Fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics Energy Policy (co-author: Rosen, Daniel) Howkins, John BOP Consulting Creative Economy ( co-author: Chen, Xu)
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Hsieh, Ding-hwa Evelyn Truman State University Buddhism Buddhism, Chan Buddhism, Pureland Guanyin Huineng Xuanzang Hsu, Cathy Hong Kong School of Hotel and Tourism Management Gambling Hsu Cho-y un University of Pittsburgh Environmental History—Ancient Hu, Xiaobo Clemson University Economic System Special Economic Zones Huang Dan Fudan University Newspaper Development Huang, Ellen University of California, San Diego Celadon Jingdezhen Huang He York University Enterprise Income Tax (co-author: Li Jinyan) Taxation and Taxes (co-author: Li Jinyan) Huang, Shu-M in Academia Sinica Chongyang Festival Mid-Autumn Festival (Zhong Qiu) New Year (Spring Festival) ( co- author: Yuan, Haiwang) Tiangan Dizhi Hwa, Lily University of St. Thomas, Minnesota Tang Taizong Hyer, Eric Brigham Young University Central A sia–China Relations
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Berkshire Encyclopedia of China
Mongolia, China, and Russia Relations Russia-China Relations
Tang Yin Wang Mian Zhao Mengfu
Israeli, Raphael University of Haifa Boxer Protocol (Xinchou Treaty) Canton System Islam
Johnson, Matthew University of California, San Diego Hu Die Sun Daolin Xie Jin
Jay, Jennifer University of Alberta An Lushan Rebellion Eunuchs Fubing System Wu Zetian
Jones, William C. (deceased, formerly of Washington University in St. Louis) Legal System—History
Ji, Zhaojin Johns Hopkins University Banque de l’Indochine Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corp. (HSBC) Pawnshops Piaohao Qianzhuang Southern Three and Northern Four Banks Yokohama Specie Bank Jia, Wenshan State University of New York, New Paltz Hu Jintao (co-author: Lynch, Cassie) Jiang, Jing Reed College Wound Literature Jiang Yonglin Oklahoma State University Qing Dynasty Tang Dynasty Jiang, Yu Southern University at New Orleans Dong Qichang Painting—Court Painting—Flower and Bird Paleolithic Era
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Kagan, Richard Hamline University, Emeritus Human Rights Nanjing Massacre Kenley, David Elizabethtown College May Fourth Movement Republican Revolution of 1911–1912 Klein, Thoralf University of Erfurt Atheism Klosterman Kidd, Laura Southern Illinois University, Carbondale Clothing, Traditional Clothing, T raditional—Tibet Knapp, Keith The Citadel Filial Piety Three Fundamental Bonds and the Five Constant Virtues Knapp, Ronald State University of New York, New Paltz Courtyard Houses (Siheyuan) Hutong Monument to the People’s Heroes Pingyao City Shikumen Yangzi (Chang) River Bridge Zhaozhou Bridge
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Kolb, Charles C. Independent Scholar and National Endowment for the Humanities Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period Han Dynasty Southern and Northern Dynasties Xia Dynasty Zheng He Kowalewski, Michael The Old School, Bhutan Lhasa Potala Palace Kuang, Wenbo Renmin University Mobile Communications Kwan Man Bun University of Cincinnati Fan Xudong Hou Debang Tianjin Zhou Xuexi Lachman, Charles University of Oregon Guohua ( National-Style Painting) Laliberté, André University of Ottawa Buddhism, Four Sacred Sites of Buddhism, Persecution of Buddhist Association of China Iron Rice Bowl Larsen, Kirk George Washington University Zhao Ziyang Law Y uk-f un Hong Kong Shue Yan University Blue Shirts Society Feng Guifen Five-Anti Campaign Hu Yaobang Kang Youwei Kong Xiangxi Li Dazhao
Lazich, Michael Buffalo State College Bridgman, E. C. Liang Qichao Zhang Zhidong Lebold Cohen, Joan Harvard University Art, Contemporary LeCompte, Garé (deceased, formerly of Hollins Communications Research Institute) Acupuncture (co-author: Chen Bao- x ing) Massage (co-author: Chen Bao- x ing) Medicine, Traditional ( co-author: Chen Bao-x ing) Moxibustion (co-author: Chen Bao- x ing) Lee, Wei-chin Wake Forest University Defense Industry Lei, Xiong Independent scholar, Beijing Natural Resource Preservation Soil Erosion Sustainable Development Water Resources Leitich, Keith Independent scholar, Seattle, Washington Guangzhou (Canton) Henan Province Huang (Yellow) River Yangzi (Chang) River ( co-author: Anderson, Wendell) Zhu De Leung, Chi Kin California State University, Fresno Foreign Investment Foreign Trade
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Levine, Mark Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Climate Change—International Cooperation Levinson, Danny ChinaCSR.com Corporate Social Responsibility Levy, Richard Salem State College Anti-Spiritual Pollution Campaign Little Red Book Lushan Conference Mao Zedong, Collected Works of Lewis, James Center for Strategic and International Studies Military Modernization Lewis, Steven Rice University Cosco Group Li, Cheng Brookings Institute Leadership—Ethnic Minority Leadership—Future Scenarios Li, Chris Wen-Chao San Francisco State University Chinese, Classical Mandarin Li, He Merrimack College Latin A merica–China Relations Li Jinyan York University Enterprise Income Tax (co-author: Huang He) Taxation and Taxes (co-author: Huang He) Li, Jonathan Qiang Offerpal Media Social Networking, Online (co- author: Christensen, Karen) Li Yong Soochow University Confucian Temples Daoist Temples
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Lin, Jian-Zhong Eastern Connecticut State University Mogao Caves Temple of Heaven Thirteen Ming Tombs
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Lunsing, Wim Independent scholar, Leiden, The Netherlands Homosexuality
Lin, Man-houng Academia Sinica Opium Trade Silver
Lynch, Cassie Berkshire Publishing Group Hu Jintao (co-author: Jia, Wenshan)
Littell-Lamb, Elizabeth University of Tampa Women, Role of
Lynch, Daniel University of Southern California Socialist Spiritual Civilization
Liu Hang Encyclopedia of China Publishing House Encyclopedias and Dictionaries
Lynn, Richard University of Toronto Han Rhapsodists I Ching (Classic of Changes)
Liu Kang Duke University Television—Dramas and Reality Shows Television—News Liu, Ts’ui-jung Academia Sinica Environmental Studies
Ma Hongnan Cornell University Shenyang Ma, Qiusha Oberlin College Wenzhou Model
Loh, Anthony Vanderbilt University Energy Security Perspectives on the United States—Chinese Tiananmen Square
Mackerras, Colin Griffith University Gang of Four Han Hui Jiang Zemin Kunqu Opera, Beijing Opera, Regional Opera, Yue Shadow Plays and Puppetry Wencheng, Princess Yangge
Lone, Stewart University of New South Wales Sino-Japanese War, First
Madancy, Joyce Union College Antidrug Campaign Opium War, Second
Lu Yan University of New Hampshire Cai Yuanpei Guo Moruo Hu Shi Vernacular Language Movement Zhou Zuoren
Malik, J. Mohan A sia–Pacific Center for Security Studies India-China Relations
Liu, Yingling Worldwatch Institute Environmental Movements Lo, Sonny University of Waterloo Black Gold Politics
Martin, Dorothea Appalachian State University Mao Zedong
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Berkshire Encyclopedia of China
Matthews, Rebecca University of Iowa Social Stratification May, Timothy North Georgia College and State University Chinggis Khan McBride, Richard, II Pomona College Cult of Maitreya McCormack, Jerusha Beijing Foreign Studies University Divination (co-author: Blair, John) Governance Principles (co-author: Blair, John) Governance System, Dual (co- author: Blair, John) Proverbs and Sayings (co-author: Blair, John) Sunzi ( co-author: Blair, John) McCurley, Dallas City University of New York Drama Qin Dynasty Shang Dynasty McKay, Alex University College London Dalai Lama Tibet (Xizang) Autonomous Region Tibetan Uprising of 1959 McNeill, William University of Chicago, Emeritus China in World History Meissner, Daniel Marquette University Li Hongzhang Manchurian Incident Zeng Guofan Mitter, Rana University of Oxford Taipei
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Mosca, Matthew William Harvard University Huai River Pearl River Mostern, Ruth University of California, Merced Dujiangyan Irrigation System Water Conservation Muchmore, Nicole Berkshire Publishing Group Tigers Lin Biao ( co-author: Dobbs, Charles) Martial Arts (Wushu) (co-author: DeMarco, Michael) Muldoon, James Rutgers University Terrorism Murray, Dian University of Notre Dame Heaven and Earth Society Myers, John Bard College at Simon’s Rock Music, Contemporary Musical Instruments Pipa Nappi, Carla Montana State University Compendium of Materia Medica Li Shizhen Nielsen, Bent University of Copenhagen Ami Harvest Festival Cao Xueqin Chengdu (co-author: Wendell Anderson) Chongqing ( co-author: Wendell Anderson) Climate and Vegetation East China Sea
Gansu Province Golden Lotus, The Greater Xing’an Range Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Hainan Province Hebei Province Hengduan Ranges Hongze Lake Hubei Province Jiangxi Province Kao-hsiung Kunlun Mountains Lao She Liaozhai Zhiyi Mount Emei (Emeishan) Qiu Jin Quemoy and Matsu Shaanxi Province Shanxi Province Taklimakan Desert White Terror Xi’an Yellow (Huang) Sea Yunnan Province Noble, Jonathan University of Notre Dame Acrobatics Lee, Ang Zhang Yimou Oakman, Daniel Australian National University Mei Lanfang Xu Guangqi O’Connor, Noelle Pace University Gardens Qinghai Province Oda, Juten Toyohashi Sozo College Uygurs Olesen, Alexa A ssociated Press Cui Jian
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Ooi Giok Ling Nanyang Technological University Cantonese (Yue) Hakka Lacquerware Porcelain Wu Xiang Ordoñez, Margaret University of Rhode Island Textiles Osterhammel, Jürgen University of Konstanz Trading Patterns, China Seas Pagani, Catherine University of Alabama Cloisonné Dunhuang Caves Longmen Grottos Painting Peace Reigns over the River Terracotta Soldiers Xu Beihong Yungang Caves Zhang Daqian Perdue, Peter Yale University Sauma, Rabban Perrins, Robert Acadia University Kangxi, Emperor Macao—History Manchu Manchuria Nanjing Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Phillips, Steven Towson University Burlingame, Anson Open Door Policy Spratly Islands Dispute Treaty of Wangxia Versailles Peace Conference Yalta Agreement
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Pike, Tyler University of Sydney Li Shangyin Shijing Pollpeter, Kevin Center for Intelligence Research and Analysis Space Program Polumbaum, Judy University of Iowa Asian Games China Daily Journalism Reform Liu Xiang Olympic Games, Beijing Southern Weekend Xu Haifeng Yao Ming Poon, Cecilia Siu-Wah Western Washington University Snow, Edgar Parks ( co-author: Richards, Craig) Postigilione, Gerard University of Hong Kong Ethnic Minorities Pretes, Michael University of North Alabama Mount Wudang (Wudangshan) Panda Wulingyuan Scenic Reserve Reinhardt, Anne Williams College Butterfield & Swire Reynolds, Douglas Georgia State University Japan-China Relations Richards, Craig Independent scholar, Bellingham, Washington Snow, Edgar Parks ( co-author: Poon, Cecilia Siu-Wah)
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Richey, Jeffrey Berea College Ancestor Worship Bureau of Religious Affairs Dong Zhongshu Ridgway, Benjamin Valparaiso University Song Lyrics (Ci) Su Shi Xin Qiji Riley, Don University of Maryland Chinese-American Networking Symposium Rioux, Yu Luo University of Colorado at Boulder Guilin Huang Shan Natural Preserve Zones World Heritage Sites Romgard, Jan University of Nottingham Archaeology and Paleontology Peking Man Sino-Swedish Expedition Ropp, Paul Clark University Dream of the Red Chamber Ming and Qing Novels Zhu Yuanzhang Rosen, Daniel Visiting Fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics Energy Policy (co-author: Houser, Trevor) Ross, Heidi University of Indiana Education System, Contemporary Fudan University (co-author: Cen, Yuhao) St. John’s University (co-author: Cen, Yuhao) Russell, Terence University of Manitoba Needham, Joseph
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Berkshire Encyclopedia of China
Qi Baishi Religion, Folk Sankey, Margaret Minnesota State University, Moorhead Abacus Red Guard Organizations Schafer, Elizabeth Independent scholar, Loachapoka, Alabama Hongcun and Xidi Schroeder, Carole Boise State University Suzhou Scott, Noel University of Queensland Tourism (co-author: Ding, Peiyi) Seliger, Bernhard Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Sellmann, James University of Guam Analects Confucian Ethics Confucianism Confucius Dao (the Way) Daoism, Philosophy of Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism Hundred Schools of Thought Laozi Mencius Mozi Yang Zhu Yin–Yang Theory Shao Peiren Zhejiang University Magazines ( co-author: Anderson, Wendell) Shao, Xiaorong Appalachian State University Dazhai
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She Xiaojie Jinan University Ding Ling
Smith, Richard Rice University Cartography
Shen, Kuiyi Ohio University Wang Yiting Wu Changshi
Spagnoli, Cathy Independent scholar, Vashon, Washington Journey to the West Storytelling
Shen Lei Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research Energy, Renewable (co-authors: Cheng Shengkui and Xu Zengrang) Shepherd, Eric Todd University of South Florida Qingke Shieh, Shawn Marist College People’s Liberation Army Zhejiang Province Shih, Chuan-kang University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Miao Moso Tujia Shu Ping Nankai University Canton Fair Yangzi Delta Economic Region Sieber, Patricia Ohio State University Butterfly Lovers Peony Pavilion Tang Xianzu Yuan Drama Siever, Bill Berkshire Publishing Group Legalist School (co-author: Yu Qiyu) Silfverberg, Lotta China-Britain Business Council China-Britain Business Council Simon, Scott University of Ottawa Tainan Taiwan Economic Miracle
Stainton, Michael York University Indigenous Peoples—Taiwan Stapleton, Kristin State University of New York, Buffalo Humor Sichuan Province Stein, Gregory University of Tennessee College of Law Property Law Steinhardt, Nancy University of Pennsylvania Architecture Stockman, Norman British Association for Chinese Studies British Association for Chinese Studies Suganuma, Unryu J. F. Oberlin University China-Japan Peace and Friendship Treaty Historical Geography Hunan Province Liu Shaoqi Qinling Range Sixteen Kingdoms Tangshan Earthquake, Great Sun, Yan Gettysburg College Mausoleum of Shi Huang Mawangdui Han Tomb Sanxingdui Yangshao Culture Tam, K ing-Fai The Chinese University of Hong Kong Yan’an Rectification Campaign
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Tan, Chee Beng Chinese University of Hong Kong Overseas Chinese Tan, Tony Xing University of South Florida Adoption Tapp, Nicholas Australian National University Hmong The Editors Berkshire Publishing Group American Chamber of Commerce in China Anhui Province Australia China Friendship Society Bank of China Beijing British Chamber of Commerce in China Brookings Institution Canada-China Business Council China Institute in America Committee of 100 Committee on Scholarly Communication with the PRC East China Sea Oil Exploitation 48 Group Club Geography Great Britain China Centre Health Care System Hopkins-Nanjing Center Jiuzhaigou National Committee on U.S.-China Relations Needham Research Institute Poyang, Lake SARS Shangri-La Stock Markets U.S.-China Business Council U.S.-China Education Trust U.S.-China People’s Friendship Association Zodiac
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Thompson, Drew Center for Strategic and International Studies HIV/AIDS Tian, John Connecticut College Agricultural Cooperatives Movement Household Responsibility System Tiedemann, R. G. King’s College London Christianity Turner, Jennifer China Environment Forum, Woodrow Wilson Center Aquaculture ( co-author: Ellis, Linden) Food Safety (co-author: Ellis, Linden) Tuttle, Gray Harvard University Huanglongsi Upshur, Jiu-hwa Lo Eastern Michigan University Examinations, Imperial Law, Imperial Marriage, Imperial Military, Imperial Sun Yat-sen Van Norden, Bryan Vassar College Zhu Xi
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Wan, Pin P. St. Olaf College River Elegy (Heshang) (co-author: Bodman, Richard) Wang Ying University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Anyang Bronzes of the Shang Dynasty Oracle Bones Yin Ruins (Yinxu) Weber, Christopher Carnegie Mellon University Climate Change—Export Emissions White, Tyrene Swarthmore College One-Child Policy Wicks, James University of California, San Diego Cinema Ruan Lingyu Wills, John E., Jr. University of Southern California Tribute System Wokou Zheng Chenggong Wilson Trower, Valerie University of the Arts London Clothing, T raditional—Hong Kong Clothing, T raditional—Taiwan
Vanderven, Elizabeth Rutgers University, Camden Shen Congwen
Winter, Frank National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Retired Gunpowder and Rocketry
Veeck, Gregory Western Michigan University Dalian Forest Resources Mineral Resources
Woods, Shelton Boise State University East Asia, Chinese Influence in Korean War Southeast A sia–China Relations
Vermeer, Eduard University of Leiden Environmental History—Modern
Wu, Bin University of Nottingham Cunguan
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Berkshire Encyclopedia of China
Wu, Fatima Loyola Marymount University Liu Gongquan Mi Fu Wang Xianzhi Wang Xizhi Yan Zhenqing Wu, Yunji The University of Melbourne Xiang Dialects Xu, Yamin Le Moyne College Five-Yuan System Gu Yanwu Hanlin Academy (Hanlin Yuan) Huang Zongxi Supervisory System, Ancient Wang Fuzhi Xu Zengrang Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research Energy, Renewable (co-authors: Cheng Shengkui and Xu Zengrang) Yan, Jean U.S. Department of Education Disability Education, Adult Education, Compulsory Education, Special Project Hope Yan, Margaret Mian Indiana University Hakka Languages Min Yang, Dali University of Chicago Great Leap Forward Yeoh Seng-Guan Monash University Hungry Ghost Festival Young, Nick China Development Brief Non-Governmental Organizations
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Yow, Yit Seng Huaren.org Naming System Word Radicals Yu, Olivia University of Texas, San Antonio Crimes and Punishments Yu Qiyu Independent scholar, Beijing Legalist School (co-author: Siever, Bill) Yu, S hiao-ling Oregon State University Eight Revolutionary Model Dramas Hong Shen Lu Xun Tian Han Yu, Xuejian Stonehill College China National Radio Chinese Central Television People’s Daily Xinhua News Agency Yuan, Haiwang Western Kentucky University Bianzhong Cao Yu Chopsticks
Confucian Sites at Qufu Dragon Boat Festival Duilian Erhu Fireworks and Firecrackers Goldfish Guan Hanqing Lu Ban Mausoleum of Dr. Sun Y at-sen May First Labor Festival National Day New Year (Spring Festival) ( co- author: Huang, Shu-M in) Paper Cutting Qingming Festival Romance of Three Kingdoms Water Margin Wine Culture Xi’an City Wall Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi Zader, Amy University of Colorado at Boulder Agriculture Agro-geography Zha, Qiang York University University Education
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Zhang, Qiong Wake Forest University Bian Que Huangdi Neijing Zhang, Wenxian Rollins College Baosteel Group Chinese Construction Bank Shenzhou Space Project Zhang, Xing Quan University of Hong Kong Development Zones Zhou Guanqi Yunnan University Bohai Economic Region Currency Great West Development Plan Haier Huawei Pudong New District Transfer Gas From West to East Program Zhou, Jinghao Hobart and William Smith Colleges Religious Practice, Contemporary Religious Practice, Historical Zhou, Yu Vassar College High Technology Sector
