CONTRIBUTING TO THE PREPARATION / IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MINAMATA CONVENTION, WITH FOCUS ON DEVELOPING STRATEGIES TO IMPLEMENT PRODUCT PHASE–OUT PROVISIONS AND THE NATIONAL ACTION PLANS FOR ARTISANAL AND SMALL SCALE GOLD MINING

ONE DAY MEETING ON MINAMATA CONVENTION NATIONAL ACTION PLAN (NAP) ON ARTISANAL AND SMALL SCALE GOLD MINERS DRAFTING CONTRIBUTION PROCESS IN TANZANIA, NKOLA HOTEL, GEITA, TANZANIA 28TH AUGUST 2015

African Violet

31st March 2016 i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................ ii LIST OF ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................................. iii INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 About the Project and Workshop .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Objective of the Workshop ............................................................................................................. 1 2.0 WORKSHOP RESULTS..................................................................................................................... 2 3.0 THEME 1: OPENING .......................................................................................................................... 4 3.1 Welcome Remarks and Introductions .......................................................................................... 4 3.2 Introduction of AGENDA................................................................................................................. 4 3.3 Introduction to Minamata Convention ........................................................................................... 4 3.3 Introduction to Contributing to the Preparation / Implementation of the Minamata Convention, With Focus on Developing Strategies to Implement Product Phase–Out Provisions and The National Action Plans for Artisanal and Small Scale Gold Mining Project . 5 3.4 Introduction to ASGM NAP Outline............................................................................................... 6 4.0 SUMMARY OF THE MEETING ........................................................................................................ 8 5.0 WORKSHOP CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................... 9 6.0 THE WAY FORWARD ...................................................................................................................... 10 APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................................... 11 Appendix 1: Meeting AGENDA in Kiswahili ............................................................................................. 12 Appendix 2: Participants List ................................................................................................................... 13 Appendix 3: List of Meeting Power Point Presentations in Kiswahili ..................................................... 14 Appendix 4: Geita Meeting Photo ...................................................................................................... 15 Appendix 5: PowerPoint Presentation .............................................................................................. 19 Appendix 5-A: Meeting Agenda ..................................................................................................... 19 Appendix 5-B: Introduction of AGENDA Organisation ............................................................... 21 Appendix 5-C: Introduction to Minamata Convention ................................................................. 30 Appendix 5-E: Introduction to ASGM NAP Project ..................................................................... 36 Appendix 5-E: ASGM NAP Preparation........................................................................................ 40

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LIST OF ACRONYMS AGENDA

AGENDA for Environment and Responsible Development

ACP MEA

African Caribbean Pacific countries Multilateral Environmental Agreements

AGC

Artisanal Gold Council

ASGM

Artisanal and Small Scale Gold Mining

CME

Chemical Mining Engineering

CSOs

Civil Society Organizations

DC

District Commissioner

DOE

Division Of Environment

EEB

European Environmental Bureau

EIA

Environmental Impact Assessment

EMA

Environmental Management Act

ENVIROCARE

Environmental, Humana Rights Care and Gender Organization

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization

FEMATA

Federation for Miners Association Tanzania

GCLA

Government Chemist Laboratory Agency

GEREMA

Geita Regional Miners Association

ICCM

International Conference on Chemicals Management

IPEN

International POPs Elimination Network

LGA

Local Government Authorities

MAREMA

Mara Regional Miners Association

MBEREMA

Mbeya Regional Miners Association

MEM

Ministry of Energy and Minerals

MOHSW

Ministry of Health and social Welfare

MOREMA

Morogoro Regional Miners Association

MWAREMA

Mwanza Regional Miners Association

NAP

National Action Plan

NEMA

National Environment Management Act

NEMC

National Environment Management Council

NEP

National Environmental Policy

NGOs

Non Governmental Organizations

PPEs

Personal Protective Equipments

SAICM

Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management

SHIREMA

Shinyanga Regional Miners Association

SIREMA

Singida Regional Miners Association

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STAMICO

State Mining Corporation

TAREMA

Tanga Regional Miners Association

UNEP

United Nations Environment Programme

VPO

Vice Presidents Office

WHO

World Health Organisation

ZMWG

Zero Mercury Working Group

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INTRODUCTION 1.1 About the Project and Workshop A one day “Miners engagement meeting on Minamata Convention on Mercury - National Action Plan (NAP) on Artisanal and Small Scale Gold Miners Drafting Contribution Process” was organised by AGENDA for Environment and Responsible Development (AGENDA). This initiative is part of the African Caribbean Pacific Multilateral Environmental Agreements 2 (ACP MEA 2) project funded by the European Commission and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations via the European Environmental Bureau/Zero Mercury Working Group (EEB/ZMWG). The meeting was held at Nkola Hotel in Geita Town, Geita district Geita Region on 28th August 2015. The aim of the workshop was to introduce the project to Miners and other stakeholders as well as initiate engagement with stakeholders on contribution towards Artisanal and Small scale Miners National Action Plan preparations. The workshop was held in Kiswahili language as the National language and spoken by the majority of Tanzanians for smooth communication among participants.

The meeting was attended by 20 participants from government departments’, representative of miners and NGOs. The workshop was structured into plenary sessions (paper presentation and plenary discussions).

1.2 Objective of the Workshop Objective of the workshop is to introduce the project and Minamata convention as well as its requirements for ASGM NAP preparations to stakeholders together with initiating engagement with stakeholders and miners.

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2.0 WORKSHOP RESULTS Tanzania Government has signed the Minamata Convention in 2013 Tanzania was among the countries which signed this convection on the Diplomatic meeting that was held in Kumamoto, Japan. The government is currently in the process of preparing ratification documents. Artisanal Small Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) is among the sectors which use significant amount of mercury in the process of gold extraction and the sector employs a large number of Tanzanians. National Action Plan for ASGM preparation is important as part of fulfilling national obligations to the convention. As discussed in more detail below, a very interesting mix of participants attended a one day meeting including: representatives of government departments’, NGOs, representatives of the Federation of Miners Association of Tanzania as well as representatives of the Regional miners Associations that are engaging in gold mining activities. They provided valuable information, and inspired an interesting and spirited debate. The workshop discussion and results are summarized below.  The meeting was an eye opener to many representatives of miners and therefore it was mainly used to introduce Minamata Convention, its objectives and obligations as a country;  Representative of the Ministry of Energy and Minerals, acknowledge that Minamata convention had been signed and therefore it requires parties to it to implement several obligations including management of mercury on different sectors;  Furthermore, for the government to support miners, miners (miners with mining licenses) are required to form groups and prepare project proposals so that they can get grants and soft loans together with technical supports through the ongoing World Bank Project II of which it has received positive responses and at the time the list of those who sent applications are in the final stages of scrutiny before grants and loans are issued;  Miners urged the government for more technical and financial support to miners as well as enhance awareness creation on the effects of mercury as well as available alternative technologies;  AGENDA staff requested participants for support and participation on implementation of the project activities and they all agreed. Miners engagement facilitation Participants were requested and agreed to participate on different phases of the engagement activities as part of the project implementation. ASGM Technology sharing among Participants Miners shared their experiences on artisanal and small scale mining activities in order gain information on the current practices and activities done by miners in gold mining. The main techniques employed by miners involve ore size reduction, sluicing, amalgamation and burning of the gold-mercury amalgam.

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Main gold ore mineralization identification is by trial and error. A representative of Tabora Region Miners Association share another technology that is used by some miners in Tabora is the use of Y-stick learned from old mining friend emanated Russia. In summary In summary, AGENDA hope that this workshop has contributed towards introduction of the project together with its activities and provision of awareness creation on the Minamata Convention and its obligation to the nation. Moreover, the meeting provided platform on haring experiences of miners from different Acknowledgments AGENDA for Environment and Responsible Development (AGENDA) gratefully acknowledges financial and other support from the European Commission, Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nation, European Environmental Bureau (EEB), Zero Mercury Working Group (ZMWG), GroundWork South Africa, Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). The project is funded by the European Commission and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations via the European Environmental Bureau/Zero Mercury Working Group (EEB/ZMWG)

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3.0 THEME 1: OPENING 3.1 Welcome Remarks and Introductions The opening ceremony started at 9.00 a.m. by Mr Haji Rehani, project coordinator who expressed his sincere gratitude to all participants for sparing time, travel and participate in this important meeting. He then asked the participants to introduce themselves by mentioning their names, where he or she is coming from including their working position. After the self-introduction, Mr. Rehani shared with participant the aim of the workshop as well as Agenda of the meeting and then welcomed Ms. Bunga Abdallah to provide brief introduction of the AGENDA as an organisation.

3.2 Introduction of AGENDA Ms. Bunga introduced AGENDA for Environment and Responsible Development (AGENDA)’s Mision, Vision, goals and objectives of its establishment. Moreover, she elaborated AGENDA’s areas of work as well as services rendered by it. She also narrated its organization structure as well as its mode of work. She covered on the area of membership as well as its membership to different national and international committees and groups. After that presentation, facilitator invited participants for the group photograph and later went for morning coffee break. After coffee break, the meeting resumed into the second presentation on Minamata Convention done by mr. Haji Rehani.

3.3 Introduction to Minamata Convention Introduction to Minamata Convention and mercury use in Tanzania was presented by Mr. Haji Rehani, who is the project Coordinator. He started by explaining briefly about the Minamata Convection on Mercury which in 2013 Tanzania was among the countries which signed this convection on the Diplomatic meeting that was held in Kumamoto, Japan. Artisanal Small Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) is among the sectors which use significant amount of mercury in the process of gold extraction and the sector employs a large number of Tanzanians. However, mercury is one of the heavy metals of concern due to its health and environmental effects it poses and therefore poses threat to ASGM workers and community around the mining centers. Tanzanian Government has plans on the reduction and elimination of mercury use in the mine fields and he also added that Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) including unions/organizations should also contribute into the reduction and elimination of the mercury use in the ASGM sector. He finalized by saying that he gladly know that all participants can contribute actively in setting up the foundation on drafting the National Action Plan.

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3.3 Introduction to Contributing to the Preparation / Implementation of the Minamata Convention, With Focus on Developing Strategies to Implement Product Phase–Out Provisions and The National Action Plans for Artisanal and Small Scale Gold Mining Project Introduction to the project presentation was done by Ms. Fatma Msuya, Program Officer at AGENDA. She started by informing participants that the project is part of the FAO programme on ‘Capacity Building related to Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) in Africa, Caribbean and Pacific countries’ Phase 2 (ACP/MEAs Phase 2) funded by the European Union. Building on the first phase of the programme commenced in 2009, the second phase is including the Minamata Convention on Mercury. The Minamata Convention is a global treaty whose objective is to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of anthropenic releases of mercury and mercury compounds. It was agreed by the UNEP member states at the fifth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee in Geneva, in January 2013 and has been adopted and opened for signature at a Conference of Plenipotentiaries in Japan, in October 2013. It has been immediately signed by 91 countries and the European Union. She informed participants that controlling the anthropogenic releases of mercury throughout its lifecycle has been a key factor in shaping the obligations under the convention. The major highlights of the Minamata Convention on Mercury include a ban on new mercury mines, the phase-out of existing ones, phase out dates for mercury use in products and processes, control measures on air emissions, and the international regulation of the informal sector for artisanal and small-scale gold mining. Fatma said that the overall objective of this project is to contribute to the preparation for ratification and implementation of the Minamata Convention on Mercury in four ACP countries in Africa, which may then be used as a model for other countries in the ACP regions. She also narrated that By having ratification roadmaps, product phase out and ASGM national action plans and/or model legislation in place as relevant, the selected African countries will be in an enhanced position, as countries work towards ratification. At the end of the project, countries’ representatives will have clarity on their overall obligations for Treaty ratification and implementation and specifically vis a vis the two concerned areas – mercury-added products and ASGM, whilst being ready to implement the treaty obligations on these two focus areas. She highlighted that project activities includes the following:  Project launch  Project launch including initial consultation with stakeholders and initial research.  A draft outline of ASGM NAP will be developed based on available inventory information (either Level 1 inventory conducted under previous UNEP project, or other inventory prepared under existing GEF or SAICM products).  Two-day Workshops/ consultations for further NAP elaboration

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Technical assistance for further NAP development and elaboration  Facilitating regular meetings of stakeholder group work and assisting with writing as needed, to create a draft NAP that will serve as the basis of intensive engagement and vetting with key mining communities.  Carry out intensive engagement with mining communities, and use results to revise the NAP to make it more practical and realistic  Facilitation of final NAP consultation meeting, where the elaborated plan is presented and discussed. The local NGO, with assistance from the ASGM resource person, will facilitate a final 2-day NAP consultation meeting.  Facilitation of final sign off by necessary authorities. The local NGO will work with the Mercury ASGM group to facilitate any final formal consultation needed to obtain sign off on the NAP by the relevant authorities (eg Ministry of Environment).

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Technical assistance to bodies responsible for NAP implementation  Support establishment of NAP implementation committee (interministerial one).  Support establishment and structure of national miners group.

3.4 Introduction to ASGM NAP Outline Introduction to the ASGM NAP outline was presented by mr. Haji Rehani. He informed participants that the NAP preparation involves 6 steps that process involves three stages that: 1. Establishing a coordinating mechanism and organization process 2. Developing a national overview of the ASGM sector, including baseline estimates of mercury use and practices 3. Setting goals, national objectives and reduction targets 4. Formulating an implementation plan 5. Developing an evaluation mechanism for the NAP 6. Endorsing and submitting the NAP He informed participants that the other step is the development of the national overview based on current technical and scientific understanding of the ASGM sector and its use of mercury and processing of gold amalgam, including health and environmental effects, as well as appropriate social and economic analysis of its ASGM sector. To this end, the working group should strive to create a national overview of the ASGM sector that is as comprehensive as possible. He stressed that the other step is Setting Goals and Objectives. This step is critical in establishing a common understanding among all stakeholders of the purpose and expected outcomes of the NAP implementation. Having clear objectives will also allow a country to evaluate the success of its NAP in the future. Mr. Haji also narrated that implementation strategy is an important part of the NAP. It will establish the foundation for subsequent work and clarify the responsibilities of 6

national agencies and other partners and stakeholders. Critically, the working group should clearly identify the appropriate authorities responsible for implementation ofeach aspect of the plan. He further stressed that working group should develop a clear workplan of activities to implement the chosen strategies. Moreover, working group should produce an outreach plan to raise awareness about mercury and its risks, the use of mercury in ASGM and the NAP itself. Furthermore, the working group should define a timeline for the NAP and the working group should ensure that the necessary funds and in-kind resources are accounted for in a budget in a detailed and comprehensive way. In the NAP preparation it is important to develop an Evaluation Mechanism for the NAP So as to to report on progress made in meeting its obligations under Article 7 every three years, and must include this reporting in Article 21 reporting requirements. As required by article 7, paragraph 3(b), each country must submit its NAP to the Secretariat no later than 3 years after the Convention enters into force for it, or 3 years after notifying the Secretariat that it has “more than insignificant ASGM,” whichever is later. He also covered the Contents of the National Action Plan and also informed participants that as a nation, should set National Objectives and Reduction Targets of which the country also is required report on a periodic routine its Actions to Eliminate Worst Practices. The NAP should also cover Steps to Facilitate Formalization or Regulation that involves Stakeholder Engagement and Participation, Policy and Regulatory Review, Review the Institutional Capacity and Identify Resources for Enhancement, Consider Strategies to Improve Monitoring and Enforcement, Consider Strategies for Facilitating Access to Markets and Creating Economic Incentives, Baseline Estimates of ASGM Mercury Use requires Collecting inventory information that includes Direct measurements and intensities, Interviews and indirect information as well as Optimizing a baseline inventory for intervention planning and monitoring. He also informed participants that the NAP requires to include Optimizing a baseline inventory for intervention planning and monitoring, Strategies for Reducing Emissions, Releases, and Risks of Exposure, Immediate Steps for Reducing Emissions and Releases, Long term strategies for the reduction and elimination of the use of mercury, Mercury free techniques, Managing Trade of Mercury and Mercury Compounds, Strategy for Involving Stakeholders in the Implementation and Continuing Development of the National Action Plan, Public Health Strategy, Preventing Exposure of Vulnerable Populations, Strategies for Providing Information to Artisanal and Small-scale Miners and Affected Communities, Schedule for Implementation of the National Action Plan as well as Market-based Mechanisms for Promoting Reduced Mercury Use within the ASGM Sector.

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4.0 SUMMARY OF THE MEETING a) The meeting was used as introduction of the project as well as its objectives and the Minamata Convention as well as its requirements; b) The meeting was an eye opener to most of the participants and hence was used to share important roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders; c) It also shared timelines of some of the requirements together with the national status on ratification and the subsequent requirements; d) Miners requested more government involvement in supporting miners in terms of resources, loans as well as safer and alternative technologies that can be easily adopted by miners; e) Representatives of the Ministry of Energy and Minerals informed miners on the ongoing process under the ministry through World Bank Project II to support miners that are organized in groups on obtaining grants and technical support; f) At that time, the list of the selected miners to receive grants was in the final stages before its release and expected to be useful to miners who fulfilled requirements set by the ministry; g) Miners were willing to support our project and willing to facilitate our engagement activities as well as ASGM NAP contribution process.

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5.0 WORKSHOP CONCLUSIONS i. ii. iii. iv. v.

The meeting was very important in order to provide insight to miners on the signed Minamata Convention and its objectives on the Mercury management; Convention proposed implementation timeline provides enthusiasm to miners on government initiatives to phase out mercury use on ASGM activities; Stakeholders agreed and found the skeleton of the NAP on ASGM and hence supports its preparation; It is expected that many miners will benefit from resources and technological support from World Bank phase two project; Miners are interested to participate on mercury phase out in ASGM initiatives in order to evade from mercury contamination.

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6.0 THE WAY FORWARD a) Miners and other stakeholders will continue to participate on future project activities; b) Stakeholders requested for frequent updates on the Minamata Convention ratification process as well as domestication processes; c) Stakeholders and miners are willing to provide inputs on ASGM NAP preparation processes by different stakeholders;

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APPENDICES

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Appendix 1: Meeting AGENDA in Kiswahili UANDAAJI WA MKAKATI WA KITAIFA WA KUSIMAMIA MATUMIZI YA ZEBAKI (NATIONAL ACTION PLAN) KWA WACHIMBAJI WADOGO WA DHAHABU (ASGM) KATIKA SEHEMU YA UTEKELEZAJI WA MKATABA WA KIMATAIFA WA MINAMATA WA KUSIMAMIA MATUMIZI YA ZEBAKI (MERCURY) Utambulisho wa mradi na kupata maoini ya awali ya NAP Muda Mada/Tukio Muhusika 2.00 – 3.00

Kujisajili

3.00 – 3.15

Ufunguzi – Agenda ya mkutano

AGENDA

3.15 – 3.50

Taarifa kuhusu Agenda taasisi

Bunga

3.50 – 4.00

Picha ya pamoja

Wote

4.00 –4.30 4.30 – 5.30

Wote

Mapumziko ya asubuhi Mkataba wa Minamata wa kusimamia Zebaki

Haji

(Mercury) 5.30 – 5.40

Maswali na majadiliano

Wote

5.40 – 6.45

Mradi wa Uandaaji wa Mkakati wa Kitaifa wa

Fatma

Kusimamia Matumizi ya Zebaki (National Action Plan-NAP) kwa Wachimbaji Wadogo wa Dhahabu Katika Sehemu ya Utekelezaji wa Mkataba wa Kimataifa wa Minamata wa Kusimamia Matumizi ya Zebaki 6.45 – 7.00

Maswali na majadiliano

7.00 – 8.00

Mapumziko ya mchana

8.00 – 8.30

Utambulisho wa Mkakati wa Kitaifa wa

Wote

Haji

Kusimamia Matumizi ya Zebaki (NAP) 8.30 – 8.40

Maswali na majadiliano

8.40 – 9.10

Mfumo wa uchenjuaji dhahabu unaotumika

Wachimbaji/wataalamu

nchini na Kubadilishana Uzoefu

waalikwa toka sehemu

Wote

mbalimbali 9.10 – 10.00 10.15

Maswali na majadiliano

Wote

Kufunga

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Appendix 2: Participants List ASGM MEETING – GEITA PARTICIPANTS ORGANISATION ADDRESS TELEPHONE SIREMA Box 162589, 0755750695 SINGIDA SHIREMA-Shinyanga BOX 600, 0754825826 SHINYANGA SHIREMA Box 0752635257

S/N 1

NAME Robert Malando

2

Bahati Kalekwa

3 4 5 6

Esther J. Mbikilwa Adamu Mayenga Msowoya Milele Mundeba

7 9 10

Isaya Kiboko Paul L. Madigi William Magabe

MAREMA KATENTE FEMATA

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Ahmed M. Adam

GEREMA - Geita

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Michael Nsangano Paul Shenyi Matalingi Hamzeh Cyprian Jamesi Cornery Simba Masunduku Webio L. K. Bugomola Faraj R. Seif Godfrey R. Keraka

GEREMA - Nyarugusu

Box 71 Nyarugusu

GEREMA - Nyarugusu GEREMA-Nyakagwe

Box 71 Nyarugusu Nyakagwe

GEREMA - Nyarugusu GEREMA - Nyarugusu GEREMA - Nyarugusu

Box 409 Nyarugusu Box 71 Nyarugusu Box 71 Nyarugusu

0787588332 0782214572

GEREMA - Nyarugusu GEREMA - Nyakagwe MEM-GEITA - Contacts of the Resident Mines Officer of Geita

Box 105 Nyarugusu Box 525 Box 26 Geita

07843417770 0787054872 068 804 6537

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Fatma Msuya

Box 77266, Dar es Salaam

0655-228388

Fatma.msuya@ymail. com

22

Bunga Abdallah

Box 77266, Dar es Salaam

0655-309431

bungachambo@yahoo .com

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Haji Rehani

AGENDA for Environment & Responsible Development AGENDA for Environment & Responsible Development AGENDA for Environment & Responsible Development

Box 77266, Dar es Salaam

0754-373129

[email protected]

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

NUHUMBI MBEREMA MAREMA-MARA

Box 188 Shinyanga Box P. O. Box 880750DSM Box 1051 Musoma Box 13 Ushirombo Box 4958 DSM Box 139 Geita

0764006202 0752791244 0756889705 0753241862 0762418539 0754800755/ 0712120344 0754548930/ 0787548930 0753354007/ 0717307544 0753587207 0755553160/ 774553160

E-MAIL Robert.malando@yah oo.com Bkalekwa2000@yaho o.com

[email protected] m [email protected] William.magabe@yah oo.com Ahmedmubarak1956 @yahoo.com

[email protected] m

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Appendix 3: List of Meeting Power Point Presentations in Kiswahili    

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Meeting Outline Introduction of Organisation (AGENDA) Minamata Convention on Mercury Introduction to “Contributing to The Preparation/Implementation of the Minamata Convention, with Focus on Developing Strategies to Implement Product Phase– Out Provisions and The National Action Plans for Artisanal and Small Scale Gold Mining” project; Introduction to National Action Plan on ASGM;

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Appendix 4: Geita Meeting Photo

Group Photograph

Opening session of the meeting

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One of the meeting facilitators sharing presentation

Presentation session going on

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Meeting Participants in session

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Participants contributing on discussions

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Appendix 5: PowerPoint Presentation Appendix 5-A: Meeting Agenda

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Agenda ya mkutano   

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Maelezo kuhusu taasisi ya AGENDA Mkataba wa Minamata wa kusimamia matumizi ya zebaki; Mradi wa Uandaaji wa Mkakati wa Kitaifa wa Kusimamia Matumizi ya Zebaki (National Action PlanNAP) kwa Wachimbaji Wadogo wa Dhahabu Katika Sehemu ya Utekelezaji wa Mkataba wa Kimataifa wa Minamata wa Kusimamia Matumizi ya Zebaki Msingi wa mkakati wa wa Kitaifa wa Kusimamia Matumizi ya Zebaki (National Action Plan-NAP)

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Appendix 5-B: Introduction of AGENDA Organisation

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22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

Appendix 5-C: Introduction to Minamata Convention

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31

32

33

34

35

Appendix 5-E: Introduction to ASGM NAP Project

36

37

38

39

Appendix 5-E: ASGM NAP Preparation

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41

42

43

44

45

46

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