LINKING HUMANITARIAN AID and DEVELOPMENT Marta Collu NOHA WINTER SCHOOL Linking Relief, Rehabilitation and Development University of Pavia – Italy 12-16 December 2016

What is Humanitarian Aid (HA)? When?

Why?

How?

Development Cooperation

• HA is provided in response to both man-made crises (including complex emergencies) and to natural disasters as needed. • • • •

To preserve life, To prevent and alleviate human suffering To maintain human dignity (wherever the need arises if governments and local actors are overwhelmed, unable or unwilling to act). • Rehabilitation, reconstruction activities • Assistance to affected population • Disaster risk reduction, including disaster preparedness and recovery

• eradication of poverty, human rights and good governance

• Eradication of poverty requires supporting poor people in all developing countries.

HUMANITY:

NEUTRALITY:

human suffering must be addressed wherever it is found, with particular attention to the most vulnerable in the population.

humanitarian aid must not favour any side in an armed conflict or other dispute

4 Humanitarian Core Principles IMPARTIALITY: humanitarian aid must be provided solely on the basis of need, without discrimination between or within affected populations

INDEPENDENCE: The autonomy of humanitarian objectives from political, economic, military or other objectives.

The sole purpose of humanitarian aid is to relieve and prevent the suffering of victims of humanitarian crises.

The humanitarian imperative comes first «Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Disaster Relief« (2004) The right to receive humanitarian assistance, and to offer it, is a fundamental humanitarian principle which should be enjoyed by all citizens of all countries. As members of the international community, we recognise our obligation to provide humanitarian assistance wherever it is needed. Hence the need for unimpeded access to affected populations is of fundamental importance in exercising that responsibility. In the field: AREA C – Palestine.

The humanitarian imperative comes first Concrete example: Area C, area of the West Bank administered by Israel which contains the Israeli settlements

Israel is not fulfilling his obligations to assist/protect local population Donors fund humanitarian aid in Area C in accordance with the humanitarian imperative to respond to urgent needs and without seeking prior agreement of Israel. Increasing and systematic pressure from Israel on donor’s assistance in Area C: a constantly rising number of demolitions, but also increased threats of direct criminalization of humanitarian aid workers and subcontractors while delivering humanitarian aid.

EU: Risk of humanitarian crises and disasters

(Level 3 emergencies: Syria, Iraq, Yemen) informindex.org

EU: Forgotten Crisis Assessment (Sep. 2016)

informindex.org

FUNDING GAP: Trends in response plan/appeal requirements https://fts.unocha.org

Growing humanitarian needs 250 million people affected

65,3 million people dispalced

159 million children under five suffer from stunting

4.699 dead migrants crossing the Mediterranean Sea (2016)

World Humanitarian Summit (Istanbul, 23/24th May 2016) Tackle root causes of crises (political leadership to end violence, respect IHL, DRR)

Enhance efficiency of humanitarian system (leave no one behind, Grand Bargain, invest in humanity)

End needs: (participatory revolution, local responders, transcend humanitarian development divide)

Keyword: trascend the humanitarian / development devide  Humanitarian emergencies can no longer be viewed in isolation from broader sustainable development efforts, (but HA remains principled)  All actors must work together towards collective outcomes to reduce need, vulnerability and risk, and support national and local efforts .  Prioritise the development of national and local capacity to lead and respond to crises – localisation of aid.

Keyword: trascend the humanitarian / development devide  Reduce fragility and increase resilience (long term initiatives)  Equal participation of women have positive effects on peace  Improve data collection, analysis, early warning  Strengthen DRR  New approach to assist refugees (displacement average duration - 17 years)

HUMANITARIA N AID

PEACE BUILDING

AICS – Italian Agency for Development Cooperation, Office VII: Emergency and fragile states What?: responds to humanitarian crises and (NEW!) implement projects to reduce fragile situations;

When?: early phase of relief response, rehabilitation and reconstruction,

LRRD, to link relief, rehabilitation to development,

(NEW!) development in protracted crises and fragile situations. Sectors:

refugees and IDPs, protracted crises, migration, mainstreaming of gender, disability and child protection, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), international humanitarian law, demining.

(NEW!) resilience, stabilization, reconstruction, democratization, good governance.

Concrete examples: Crises

Humanitarian AID (in million €)

Development (in million €)

Total (in million €)

Syrian Crisis London Pledge

25

15

40

El Niño

11

8,7

19,7

Libia

3,5

3

8

Italian Cooperation Response to Crises:

1. Relief: Delivery of humanitarian goods (UNHRD – Brindisi), Projects with Humanitarian Agencies (UN, Red Cross) or (NEW!) Civil Society Organizations, active in the field.

2. Recovery and rehabilitation: Projects with Humanitarian Agencies (UN, Red Cross) or Civil Society Organizations, (NEW!) including local organisations, active in the field.

3. Linking Relief and Rehabilitation to Development (LRRD): Recovery and rehabilitation programmes are refinanced to strengthen sustainability and link with development initiatives. NEW procedures under approval to allow longer term projects.

1. Relief: Delivery of humanitarian goods (UNHRD – Brindisi), Projects with Humanitarian Agencies (UN, Red Cross) or (NEW!) Civil Society Organizations, active in the field.

Humanitarian Flighs

Haitian Red Cross National Intervention Team - Hurricane Matthew.

2. Recovery and rehabilitation: Projects with Humanitarian Agencies (UN, Red Cross) or Civil Society Organizations, (NEW!) including local organisations, active in the field.

Partnership with CSOs: Evacuation Center built by INTERSOS, Philippines (Typhoon Yolanda)

3. Linking Relief and Rehabilitation to Development (LRRD): Recovery and rehabilitation programmes are refinanced to strengthen sustainability and link with development initiatives. NEW procedures under approval to allow longer term projects.

Response to Ebola: • first response to stop the virus, • further humanitarian initiatives to support health centers and strengthen prevention • Development initiatives to support the National Health System

Thank you!