Lingua e Cultura inglese Prof.ssa Fabiana Loparco
Michael Vince - Grazia Cerulli New Inside Grammar Oxford, Macmillan, 2009
Università degli Studi di Macerata Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione, dei Beni Culturali e del Turismo Classe: L-19 Anno Accademico 2014/2015
Lesson number: 12 1. Infinito e infinito di scopo 2. Can, could, be able 3. By + ing 4. Indirect questions
5. If and whether
1. Infinito e infinito di scopo L’infinito presente si ottiene con to + forma base del verbo (to sleep, to play). La forma negativa si ottiene aggiungendo not prima di to (not to sleep, not to play) L’infinito con to si usa anche per esprimere uno scopo I opened the window to let in some fresh air Nella forma negativa si usa sempre in order to o so as to (osserva la posizione di not)
She pretended to be ill in order not to/so as not to go to school To non si usa: • dopo i verbi modali must, can, could, may, might, shall, e should You must hand in the test by 12.00 • dopo would, had better e would rather
I’d rather stay in tonight
• con let e make He dind’t let me read his letters • dopo i verbi di percezione feel, hear, see e watch quando indicano un’azione finita I heard him lock the door
Alcune preposizioni usate con l’infinito in italiano (a, di, da) in inglese si omettono I came to collect the tickets Sono venuto a prendere i biglietti
It’s your turn to speak È il tuo turno di parlare Is there anything to eat? C’è qualcosa da mangiare?
Exercises Completa le frasi con l’opzione corretta • I’m going round the corner______ A to buy a newspaper
B for buy a newspaper
C to buying a newspaper
• I swim _________ A for feel fit
B that I felt fit C to feel fit
• I go to school _________ A to learn English
B for study English
C for to study English
• I work hard _______ A to getting a promotion
B to get a promotion
C for get a promotion
• I write down everything ________ A to remember it for later
B for remember it for later
C to remembering it for later
Exercises Completa le frasi con l’opzione corretta • I’m going round the corner______ A to buy a newspaper
B for buy a newspaper
C to buying a newspaper
• I swim _________ A for feel fit
B that I felt fit C to feel fit
• I go to school _________ A to learn English
B for study English
C for to study English
• I work hard _______ A to getting a promotion
B to get a promotion
C for get a promotion
• I write down everything ________ A to remember it for later
B for remember it for later
C to remembering it for later
Exercises Leggi il dialogo e scegli l’opzione corretta
Georgia: I want go/to go away somewhere at Easter. We could visit/to visit my relatives in Wales. Peter: I’d rather to do/do something with friends. Georgia: Well, I know that Sarah and James plan to spend/spend the weekend on the coast. That
might to be/be a good idea Peter: But that’s expensive! We can’t afford to stay/stay in a hotel Georgia: That’s true. Well, how about a day trip? We can to get up/get up early tomorrow and just
go to the coast for a day. Peter: Yes, that’s a good idea! We must go/to go to bed early tonight Georgia: Well that’s not a problem. I’m tired now anyway. Goodnight, see you in the morning Peter: Goodnight. Don’t forget to set/set the alarm!
Exercises Leggi il dialogo e scegli l’opzione corretta
Georgia: I want go/to go away somewhere at Easter. We could visit/to visit my relatives in Wales. Peter: I’d rather to do/do something with friends. Georgia: Well, I know that Sarah and James plan to spend/spend the weekend on the coast. That
might to be/be a good idea Peter: But that’s expensive! We can’t afford to stay/stay in a hotel Georgia: That’s true. Well, how about a day trip? We can to get up/get up early tomorrow and just
go to the coast for a day. Peter: Yes, that’s a good idea! We must go/to go to bed early tonight Georgia: Well that’s not a problem. I’m tired now anyway. Goodnight, see you in the morning Peter: Goodnight. Don’t forget to set/set the alarm!
2. Can, could, be able Can e could esprimono diverse forme di capacità, abilità: riuscire, saper fare, essere capace, essere in grado, potere Al presente si usa normalmente can I can’t use this machine Il passato di can è could per tutte le persone ‘Could Mark read when he was four years old?’
Can e could sono usati: per esprimere abilità I can draw (so disegnare)
Per parlare di abilità generiche si usa could o was/were able to. Quando si parla di un’occasione specifica, si usa was/were able to o managed to o succeeded in + ing Jean could/was able to play the guitar when he was six (abilità generica) I managed to get hold of Terry’s address (occasione specifica) non I could get hold He succeeded in getting into Harvard (occasione specifica) non He could get into Tuttavia nella forma negativa could può essere usato anche per occasioni specifiche He couldn’t get into Harvard Per esprimere possibilità I can’t come to the lesson tomorrow
nel significato di ‘riuscire’ con i verbi di percezione see, hear, feel, taste e smell Can you hear that noise? (Senti = riesci a sentire quel rumore?)
con tell You can/could tell she’s not well (Si capisce/capiva che non sta bene) nella forma negativa con help + -ing (= non posso fare a meno di) I can’t/couldn’t help thinking of you (Non posso/potevo fare a meno di pensarti)
Be able to
Be able to si forma con am/is/are able to + forma base del verbo I’m able to meet you at 10 a.m. (Ti posso incontrare alle 10) We’re unable to meet you in the afternoon. We’re not able… (Non possiamo incontrarti nel pomeriggio) Are you able to come? (Puoi venire?) Si usa al posto di can, ma solo quando si riferisce a una persona, non a cose e animali I’m able to play football = I can play football Dogs can’t fly
non
Dogs are not able to fly
Exercises Scegli l’opzione corretta • My teacher is amazing, she ______ speak several languages A could
B can
C is able
• Mum, ______ you give me a hand, please? A can
B couldn’t
C was able to
• _______ you do me a favour Mrs Bond? A Can
B Are able to
C Could
• We ________ enter without tickets and enjoyed the concert A could
B were able to C can
• I don’t think ________ see you tonight A I'll be able to
B I can’t
C I could
Exercises Scegli l’opzione corretta • My teacher is amazing, she ______ speak several languages A could
B can
C is able
• Mum, ______ you give me a hand, please? A can
B couldn’t
C was able to
• _______ you do me a favour Mrs Bond? A Can
B Are able to
C Could
• We ________ enter without tickets and enjoyed the concert A could
B were able to C can
• I don’t think ________ see you tonight A I'll be able to
B I can’t
C I could
Exercises Completa con uno di questi verbi can’t
succeeded
can
managed
could
be able to
• I ________ play any musical instruments, but I’m quite good at drawing • He said he was innocent, but you _________ tell he was lying • I’m afraid I won’t ________ join you tonight • Are you cooking fish? I ________ smell it • I ____________ in talking to Mr Robinson about my promotion • I __________ to find the tickets for the football match
Exercises Completa con uno di questi verbi can’t
succeeded
can
managed
could
be able to
• I can’t play any musical instruments, but I’m quite good at drawing • He said he was innocent, but you could tell he was lying • I’m afraid I won’t be able to join you tonight • Are you cooking fish? I can smell it • I succeeded in talking to Mr Robinson about my promotion • I managed to find the tickets for the football match
3. By + ing
Per indicare il modo in cui si ottiene/produce qualcosa generalmente si premette by alla forma in –ing You rewind the tape by pressing this key
Exercises Riformula le frasi date con la formula by + -ing • This is how you clean these shoes. You wipe them with a damp cloth ___________________________________________________________ • Poor old Bill Hewett saves money on clothes because he buys them second hand
____________________________________________________________ • Some people go to a hypnotist and manage to stop smoking like that ____________________________________________________________
• You can earn some extra money if you work on Saturday morning ____________________________________________________________ • This is the way to stop the machine in an emergency. You pull this red lever
____________________________________________________________
Exercises Riformula le frasi date con la formula by + -ing • This is how you clean these shoes. You wipe them with a damp cloth
You can clean these shoes by wiping them with a damp cloth • Poor old Bill Hewett saves money on clothes because he buys them second hand Poor old Bill Hewett saves money on clothes by buying them second hand
• Some people go to a hypnotist and manage to stop smoking like that Some people manage to stop smoking by going to a hypnotist • You can earn some extra money if you work on Saturday morning You can earn some extra money by working on Saturday morning • This is the way to stop the machine in an emergency. You pull this red lever You can stop the machine in an emergency by pulling this red lever
4. Indirect questions Le domande indirette sono costruite come le frasi affermative, perciò il soggetto precede il verbo e non si usano gli ausiliari do/does, a meno che la frase non sia negativa. What is the capital of Hungary? -> The teacher asked Tim what the capital of Hungary was
Where are the Rocky Mountains? -> She asked him where the Rocky Mountains were Why does the Headmaster want to see me? -> She wondered why the Headmaster wanted to see her Who have you invited? -> Tell me who you have invited Why don’t you eat? -> He asked me why I didn’t eat
Quando una domanda è una richiesta di un consiglio o istruzioni, può essere riportata con un infinito
How do I get to your house? -> He asked me how to get to my house Who shall I ask? -> She asked me who to ask Where can I go? -> She asked me where to go
5. If e whether If e whether sono usati indifferentemente per introdurre una frase interrogativa indiretta. Can you write the report? -> They asked me if/whether I could write the report Are you leaving? -> He asked me if/whether I was leaving Dopo una preposizione è possibile usare solo whether It depends on whether George is free or not Si usa whether se dopo c’è un infinito He can’t decide whether to put off his journey Whether implica sempre una scelta (=whether or not) perciò solo if è usato per esprimere condizioni If he decides to put off his journey, he’ll let us know
Per approfondire ed esercitarsi: New Inside Grammar Lesson & excercises pp. 67-68; 86-87; 188-190
English Children’s Literature
The Chronicles of Narnia Author: Clive Staples Lewis Publication date: 16 October 1950 – 4 September 1956
