Contents • Hot dry climates • Hot humid climates • Cold climates
Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Climate-conscious urban planning and design • Consider climate aspects early in the planning and design p processes • Difficult to improve afterwards • Aim: – Create a comfortable microclimate (or extend the period of comfort) – Lower energy use in buildings
Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Climate sensitive urban design Climate-sensitive Jan Gehl (”Life Between Buildings”): • Protect against bad weather • Take advantage of good weather
Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Climate parameters possible to influence • • • • •
Solar radiation Wi d Wind Air temperature Humidity (Rain)
Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Design in hot dry regions • • • •
Compact form (high plot coverage) Narrow streets High reflectivity (light colours) Trees for shading h di
Erik Johansson, HDM
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Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Urban form and layout
• Compact b ildi forms building f • Courtyard houses
19 Feb. 2010 Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
• Covered walkways
19 Feb. 2010 Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
• Projected upper floors to increase shade
12 Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Shade by vegetation
13 Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Hot humid climates
14 Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
D i in Design i hot-humid h t h id regions i
• Provide for maximum shade and air movement: - Medium density - ”Tower” Tower buildings - Trees with high trunks and wide canopies - Wide streets oriented in the p prevailing g wind direction - High reflectivity (light colours) Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Urban form and layout • Irregular layout • Building B ildi orientation i t ti east-west • Trees T f shade for h d • Narrow d th depth
Erik Johansson, HDM
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Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Ventilation through g and under buildings
17 Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Create shade using arcades
19 Feb. 2010
Erik Johansson, HDM
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Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Create shade using arcades
19 Feb. 2010
Erik Johansson, HDM
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Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Create shade using shading devices
19 Feb. 2010
Erik Johansson, HDM
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Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Create shade using shading devices
19 Feb. 2010
Erik Johansson, HDM
21
Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Advantages with vegetation • Shade • Evapotranspiration and lower temperatures • Lower surface temperatures • Less L need d ffor cooling of buildings 22 Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Create shade using shade trees
19 Feb. 2010
Erik Johansson, HDM
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Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Design in Cold Climates • Protect from cold winds winds, solar access – Location: sheltered and sunny – Avoid wide streets parallel to the prevailing wind direction – Winding or angled streets – Uniform building height • (Warm summer days: shading)
Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Protection against cold winds
Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Solar access in urban areas
Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Protection against cold winds + solar access - 2 storeyy terraced buildings - Shelter belts
Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Klimatanpassad urban design: Kv. Spårvägen, N. Sorgenfri, Malmö
Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Målsättning • Så bra mikroklimat som möjligt • Förlänga utesäsongen • Skapa platser med olika mikroklimat: – vindskyddade, – soliga, soliga – skuggiga • Kan det bli komfortabelt utomhus i mars?
Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
PET – fysiologiskt ekvivalenta temperaturen • PET inkluderar kyleffekt från vinden och värmetillskott från solstrålning. solstrålning T Temp. S lfö håll d Solförhållanden Vi dfö håll d Vindförhållanden PET 20°C 20 C
molnigt
vindstilla
20°C 20 C
20°C
soligt
vindstilla
30°C
20°C
molnigt
blåsigt
10°C
Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Malmö region – wind conditions •
Sturup airport
Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Local wind speeds, Spårvägen, Malmö
Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
Eff t off wind Effect i d speed d (Glaumann and Westerberg 1988)
Median speed (m/s) at 2 m
Effect on humans
Design measure
Not windyy
Wind is no problem, but wind protection of p p places to sit might g be necessary
2.5–4.0
Slightly windy
Places to sit and balconies need wind protection
4.0–5.5
Windy
Public space and footpaths need local wind shelter
Very windy
Urban and landscape design need to consider wind control. Wind tunnel test preferable
5.5
Lund University / Dept. of Architecture & Built Environment / Housing Development & Management / 2012-01-23
