International Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (ISSN: 2248‐9797) Volume 6‐Issue 4, Oct 2016.Pp.476-480 www.ijcst.net

Assessment of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Dravyati River of Jaipur (Rajasthan, India)

Ruchi Jain1 , Dr Anil Kumar Bansal*2 and Renu Sharma3

1. Department of Chemistry NIMS University Jaipur, India 2. Assistant Professor Department of Chemistry Agrawal PG College, Jaipur, India 3. Department of chemistry NIET, NIMS University jaipur Email*:[email protected] Abstract: Nowadays the harmful anthropogenic impact on environment due to rapidly expanding cities, industrialization, increased dependence on chemicals and massive production of waste and wastewater has resulted in deterioration of the water bodies. The present study was conducted to evaluate water pollution status of Dravyawati River after crossing the urban and industrial area of Jaipur. The physico-chemical parameter as Temperature, pH , Dissolved Oxygen (DO) , Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) , Total Hardness, Calcium Hardness, Magnesium hardness & Chloride were used to analyse the pollution index of river Dravyawati at selected sites. The results revealed that the water quality was severely polluted in monsoon and moderately polluted in winter season. Keywords: River Dravyawati, Physico-chemical properties, pollution index, winter season.

1. Introduction Water is one of the weirdest compounds and known for the elixir of life. Water has played an important role not only in the history of countries, but in religion, mythology, and art. Water in many religions cleanses the soul through holy water. Rivers are the most important natural resource for human development but it is being polluted by indiscriminate disposal of sewage, industrial waste and plethora of human activities, which affects its physico-chemical and microbiological quality.The potential cause of degradation of river water quality due to various point and nonpoint sources. Increasing problem of deterioration of river water quality, it is necessary to monitoring of water quality to evaluate the production capacity1.The quality of public health depends to a greater extent on the quality of ground water, which should be clean and fresh. Excess of fluoride causes dental, skeletal and non-skeletal 2 fluorosis through continued use of fluoride contaminated water, air and agriculture produce . Nigeria et al. reported3 that the pathogenic organic and the indicator organisms present in all the water samples render them unfit for human consumption though they can be used for other purposes. Sharma et al. reported4 that their research study revealed deterioration in the water quality of river Yamuna on the high pollution level. Wastewater irrigation is actively practiced in various parts of the world, specially in developing countries. Study showed that edible vegetables grown in wastewater-irrigated soil have significant accumulation of heavy metals in their edible parts5. Trivedi et al. carried out studies6, which revealed that one of the most important causes of water pollution is unplanned urban development without adequate attention to suitable management of sewage and waste material. Mukhopadhyay and Mukherjee reported7 that it is necessary to apply strong preventions immediately to save groundwater from deterioration in the study area. Today, due to various anthropogenic activities, the river water usually receives untreated sewage, domestic waste, industrial and agricultural effluents that results in pollution of several rivers in India and abroad. During the last several decades the water quality of the Indian River has been deteriorating due to continuous discharge of industrial waste and domestic sewage8-10. Industries are dumping their effluents into the rivers, thereby polluting 476   

International Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (ISSN: 2248‐9797) Volume 6‐Issue 4, Oct 2016.Pp.476-480 www.ijcst.net

them severely11-12. Due to high organic loads and toxic materials, the industrial effluents from industries are a major source of water pollution in Indian rivers. Water pollution is primarily associated with domestic and industrial waste. Waste water discharge from sewage and industries are major component of water pollution contributing oxygen demand and nutrient loading of the water bodies, promoting toxic algal blooms and leading to a destabilized aquatic ecosystem13-14. 2. STUDY AREA

Dravyawati River is located at 26°52'34"N 75°46'14"E within the pink city Jaipur, Rajasthan. This river is 47.5 Kilometers long, which has the width ranging from 150 to 210 meters. This river is surrounded by dense urbanization and in recent years small scale industries are grown at rapid speed.

Source: https://www.google.co.in/maps/@26.9451449,75.7828388,1266m/data=!3m1!1e3 Figure 1:- Satellite and Map view of Location of Dravyawati River (26°52'34"N 75°46'14"E)

Pollution is commonly regarded as the result of the industrial and urbanization revolution. Quality of the water bodies deteriorates mainly as a result of the increasing industrial, urbanization and human activity. In order to find out the current status of the pollution in the Dravyawati river of Jaipur city, due to the increasing trend in the above mentioned activities, it is very much essential to identify the quality of water and their various sources of pollution. Water is essential for the survival of any form of life. The exploding population, increasing industrialization and urbanization causes water pollution. Sanganer, Jaipur was selected as study area. It is famous for Tie dye and printing, waste paper recycling and blue pottery industries. Sanganer is located between 26o 49’ to 26o51’N latitude and 75o46’ to 75o51’E longitude . These industries discharge untreated waste water in Dravyawati River in Sanganer. A large number of small, medium and large scale textile industrial units are located in Sanganer. The untreated waste water which conatins chemical like anelin, caustic soda, acids, bleaching powder and heavy metals is utilizing in irrigating agricultural fields for growing vegetables and other crop plants. 477   

International Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (ISSN: 2248‐9797) Volume 6‐Issue 4, Oct 2016.Pp.476-480 www.ijcst.net

3. MATERIAL & METHODS The samples were collected from different location of Dravyawati. These samples were collected periodically from May 2015 to February 2016.Water samples were collected in different glass bottles. Physicochemical parameters for the collected samples were studied by standard methods. Distilled water was used as a Control Sample. The water quality variables were analyzed as per standard methods supported by15-19. For analysis of each sample three replicates were used.

Fig.2: Photograph Sampling Station

4. RESULT & DISCUSSION Textile industry effluents collected from several point sources of water pollution. The results related to physicochemical characteristics of textile effluents are given in the table no.1. In the present study pH was found to be maximum in August. The results indicated that pH values range between7.33 to 9.30. Minimum pH (7.33) was found in February 2016 and maximum pH (9.30) was in August 2015. E.C. ranged between 0.81 to 1.29 mmhos its maximum concentration i.e. 1.29 was found in August 2015 and minimum in February 2016 i.e. 0.81. Total solids maximum concentration i.e. 2022.3 was found in August 2015 and minimum in November 2016 i.e. 975.9. Similarly Chloride values ranged between 292.60mg/L in May 2015 and 555.61mg/L was maximum in August 2016. Calcium and Magnesium hardness ranged between 48.72 was minimum in February 2016 and 105.11mg/L was maximum in August 2015 and 472.22 mg/L minimum in. February 2016 to 952.62 mg/L Maximum in November 2015. The Total Hardness was between 521.7 to 1002.3 mg/L (Table-1). TABLE 1: Analysis of Textile Waste Water Samples from Dravyawati River (Sanganer) Parameters Months (Months 2015-2016) Parameters/month

pH E.C. (m mhos/cm) Total Solids (mg/L) Chloride (mg/L) C.O.D (mg/L) D. O. (mg/L) Ca Hardness (mg/L) Mg Hardness (mg/L) Total Hardness (mg/L)

May 8.60 1.02 1030.12 292.60 50.26 23.21 65.22 572.41 642.6

August 9.30 1.29 2022.3 555.61 85.21 37.42 105.11 933.8 1002.3

November 7.51 1.08 975.9 371.65 27.32 21.12 68.22 952.62 708.9

February 7.33 0.81 1342.3 337.22 26.23 21.22 48.72 472.22 521.7

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International Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (ISSN: 2248‐9797) Volume 6‐Issue 4, Oct 2016.Pp.476-480 www.ijcst.net

40 35 30 25

pH

20

E. C.

15

D.O.

10 5 0 May

August

November

February

600 500 400 C.O.D 300

Ca hardness Chloride

200 100 0 May

August

November

February

2500 2000 1500

Total Solids Mg Hardness

1000

Total Hardness

500 0 May

August

November

February

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International Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (ISSN: 2248‐9797) Volume 6‐Issue 4, Oct 2016.Pp.476-480 www.ijcst.net

5. References [1]. Kesharwani etal. (2004). Determination of water quality index (WQI) of Amkhera pond of Jabalpur city (M.P.). Ntl. J. Life Sci., 1, 61-66. [2]. P. Nagarajan et al., Indian J. Environ Prot, 21, 51 (2000). [3]. Nigeria Okonko Iheanyi Omezuruike, Adejoye Oluseyi Damilola, Ogunnusi Tolulope Adeola, Fajobi, Enobong A. and Shittu Olufunke B, (2008) Microbiological and physicochemical analysis of different water samples used for domestic purposes Abeokuta and Ojota, Lagos State, Nigeria, African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 7 (5), 617-621. [4]. Sharma A. K., Sharma N. and Sharma R. (2013) Study of Physico-chemical Characteristics of Water Quality of Yamuna River at Mathura, UP,” Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., Vol 2 (10), 131-134. [5]. Gupta S., Satpati S., Nayek S. and Garai D. (2010) Effect of wastewater irrigation on vegetables in relation to bioaccumulation of heavy metals and biochemical changes, Environ Monit Assess, 165, 169–177. [6]. Trivadi S. and Kataria H.C. (2012) Physico-Chemical Studies of Water Quality of Shahpura Lake, Bhopal (M.P) with Special Reference to Pollution Effects on Ground Water of its Fringe Areas, Current World Environment Vol. 7(1), 139-144. [7]. Mukhopadhyay S. and Mukherjee R. (2013) Physico–Chemical and microbiological quality assessment of groundwater in adjoining area of Tamla Nala, Durgapur, District-Burdwan (W. B.), India, International journal of environmental sciences, Vol. 4, No. 3. [8]. R.R. Krishnan, K. Dharmaraj, and B.D.R. Kumari, “A comparative study on the physico-chemical and bacterial analysis of drinking, borewell and sewage water in the three different places of Sivakasi,” J. Environ. Biol., 28: 105-108, 2007. [9]. M. Duran, and M. Suicmez, “Utilization of both benthic macroinvertebrates and physico-chemical parameters for evaluating water quality of the stream Cekerek (Tokat, Turkey),” J. Environ. Biol., 28: 231236, 2007. [10]. P.G. Smitha, K. Byrappa, and S.N. Ramaswamy, “Physico-chemical characteristics of water samples of Bantwal Taluk, South-Western Karnataka,” India. J. Environ. Biol., 28: 591-595, 2007. [11]. A.V. Srinivasan, K. Sampath, M. Paramasivam, and R. Ananthanarayanan, “Pollution of river Cauvery from industrial and urban waste,” Proc. Symp. Environ. Biol., Trivandrum, pp. 179-190, 1980. [12]. G.N. Kakati, and K.G. Bhattacharya, “Bacteriological quality of drinking water in rural India,” Ind. J. Environ. Hlth., 32: 276-279, 1990. [13]. G.O. Morrison, O.S. Fatoki, and A. Ekberg, “Assessment of the impact of point source pollution from the Keiskammahoek sewage treatment plant on the Keiskamma river,” Water, SA., 27: 475-480, 2001. [14]. DWAF, and WRC, “South Africa Water Quality Guideline 1: Domestic water use (2nd edn),” Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, 1995. [15]. APHA, “Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater,” American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., 18th ed.1989. [16]. EPA, “Environmental Protection Agency. ch.16.0. General standards for discharge of Environmental Pollutants,” 16.1 Part-A: Effluent. pp. 135-137, 1990. [17]. S.K. Maiti, “Handbook of Methods in Environmental Studies. Vol. (I) Water and Waste Water Analysis,” ABD Publishers, Jaipur, 2001. [18]. S.K. Maiti, “Handbook of Methods in Environmental Studies. Vol. (II) Air, Noise, Soil and Overburden Analysis,” ABD Publishers, Jaipur, 2003. [19]. J. Pandey, and M.S. Sharma, “Environmental Sciences. Practical and Field manual, Yash Publishing House, Bikaner, 2002.

 

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