Keturioliktoji pamoka Lesson 14 LAISKAS A LETTER

Vytautas Vitkus TraKIl g . 15

Vilnius

Jonas Vilutis Birutes g. 193 Kaunas

Vilnius, 1961. 10. 27 Mielas J onai, Tau jau esu paras~s tris laiskus, 0 Tu man dar vis neatsakai. Kas gi ivyko? Af Tavo draugai ifgi tokie tinginiai, kaip Tu? Af Tu taip esi uzsiE~m~s darbais, kad net uzmirsti savo gerus biciulius? Pas mus dabaf jau ruduo: medziq lapai geltoni, rudi , miskai kaip karaliai. Universitete studefitai nenori mokytis, 0

pasipuos~

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tlk eina i priemiesclUs, i parkus, i miskus pasivaikscioti. As ii'gi daznaI iseinu is miesto i laukus, kui' dabaf yra taip grazu. Dabaf as jaii baigsiu ii' lauksiu laiski! is Tav~s: Tu jaii esi man kelis skolingas. Sveikink Birut~ if tevelius.

Vytautas VOCABULARY lai~kas (3) -letter ivykti (jvyksta, ivyko, ivyks) to happen, to take place, to occur (used only in the 3rd person) tinginys (3a) - lazy-bones uisiimti (uzsiimu, uzsiima, uzsieme, uzsiil'i'ls) - to be busy, occupied net - even bi~iulis -io (2) friend, 'buddy' ruduo - fall, autumn medis (gen. medzio) (2) - tree Hipas (2) - leaf (of a tree) , sheet (of paper) gelt6ni (nom. pl.) - yellow rudl (nom. pl.) - brown ml~kas (4) forest , wood pasipuo~ti (pasipuosiu, pasipuQsia, paslpuose, pasipuos) - to be adorned, to 'spruce up'

karalius (4th declension noun, nom. pI. karaliai) (2) - king priemiestis (gen. priemies~io) (1) suburb laGkas (4) - field kelis (acc. pl.) - some, a few skolingas - indebted tevelius (acc. pl.) - parents Birute - a girl's name IDIOMS a~

esu uzsiem~s - I am busy, occupied pas mus - at our place, here with us (cf. German 'bei uns') tu esl mtin skolingas - you owe me a~ esu tau skolingas lowe you

GRAMMAR 14.1 The Plural of the First Declension (Nouns . The plural cases for the first declension nouns are as follows: 'home, houses'

'brothers' I

N.,V. G. D. A. I. L.

namai nami! namams namus namais namuose

-ai (4) -4 -ams -us -a is -uose

br6liai b r6li 4 br6liams br6lius br6liais br6liuose

-iai (1) -i4 -iams -ius -iais -iuose

'horses' arkliai -iai (3) arklii! -i4 arkliams -iams arklius -ius arkliais -iais arkliuose -iuose

The final -s of the dative plural ending and the :(.inal -e' of the locative plural ending (of all declensions of nouns) 'are frequently dropped ill colloquial speech. The vocative plural is always like the nominative' plural.

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The numbers in parentheses denote the accentuation class. Cf. Lesson 5 and Appendix, paragraph 51. 14.2 In Lithuanian there are many prefixes which may change or modify the meaning of the verb. Several examples of common prefixes .with a few of the ordina!'y meanings are given below: ' 14.2,1 The prefix at- (ata-, ati-, ato-) may denote: a) motion towards the speaker, b) motion to a certain place, or that the action is reversed from its ordinary direction; (the hyphen separates the prefix from the main verb, but it would not be written in standard Lithuanian). at-nesti 'to bring' at-eiti 'to arrive, to come' ati-duoti 'to give back, to return' ati-daryti 'to open' 14.2,2

i- may denote motion into something: i-eiti 'to enter' i-nesti 'to bring in' i-tnlukti 'to drag into'

14.2,3 nu- may denote: a) motion away from the speaker, b) separation from something, or c) direction down from somewhere: nu-eiti 'to go away' nu-piauti 'to cut off' nu-lipti 'to climb down' 14.2,4 is- may denote motion out from the inside of something:

is-eiti 'to come out' is-nesti 'to carry out' is-lipti 'to climb out, to get out' 14.2,5 per- may mean 'across, over' or contain some general idea of division: per-eiti 'to cross' per-lipti 'to climb over' per-Iauzti 'to. break into pieces' 109

14.2,6 pa- may denote: a) the completion of an action , b) a short duration of an action, or c) lack of intensity of the action (cf. the Appendix, section on aspect) :

pa-sakyti 'to say' pa-skaityti 'to read for a while' pa-dirbeti 'to w,ork a little bit' 14.2,7 pra- may denote motion through or past something, the beginning of an action or the fact that a certain amount of time is spent performing an action: pra-musti 'to beat through' pra-eiti 'to pass by' pra-kalbeti 'to begin to speak' pra-buti 'to stay for a certain length of time' 14.2,8 su- may denote gathering together or a coming-together:

su-eiti 'to come together, to meet' su-daryti 'to form , to constitute' su-deti 'to put together' 14.2,9 uz- may denote motion behind something or motion going

up (like climbing up):

uz-eiti 'to go behind' . uZ-lipti (ant st6go) 'to climb up (on the roof)' 14.2,10 The prefixes listed above have other meanings in addition to those given. The student should not try to create words on the basis of his knowledge of the prefixes and the verbal roots. On the other hand he may more easily understand the formation of many of the verbs if he keeps this principle of word formation (prefix plus root) in mind. , For more detailed and more complete listing of verbal prefixes see Appendix, paragraph on Verbal Prefixes. Consult the vocabulary every time you are in doubt. 110

EXERCISES

A. Questiom.1. Kiek Vytautas yra jaii paras~s laiskq Jonui? 2. Af Jono draugai yra tinginiai? 3. Kas yra dabaf labai uzsiem~s? 4. Kas uzmifsta savo gerus biciulius? 5. K6ks metl..l laikas (season) yra dabaf? 6. Kokie yra medzil..l lapai? 7. Kokie yra miSkai? 8. Kij daro studeiitai universitete? 9. Kuf jie eina? 10. Kuf dabaf yra taip labai grazu? B. Give the plural declension of the following nouns: tevas, studeiitas, I.Hskas, laikrastis (gen. laikrascio), miestas, universitetas, rytas, teatras. C. Change all the words in italics into the plural: 1. IAs jam rasaii lciiSkq. 2.Mimo br6lis gyvena Vilniuje. 3. Mano sene lis gyv.ena prie Nemuno. 4. Mediio lapai yra rudi. 5. Studeiitas skaito lciiskq. 6. Mano m6kytojas gyvena Vilniuje. 7. Mano drailgas yra taip pat studeiitas. 8. Mes rasome pidtuku. 9. Mano name yra daiig kambariq. 10. Musl..l mieste auga daiig medzil..l. D. Translate into Lithuanian: 1. The students study at (in) the university. 2. We go (travel) to the university by buses. 3. The university buildings are in the center of the city. 4. My friends live in the suburbs. 5. My brother reads many newspapers. 6. Our gardens are in the suburbs. 7. He already wrote me many letters. 8. In our city there are two theaters. 9. In the summer in our beautiful park there will be many concerts. 10. My parents live in an old house near the university.

CONVERSA nON

AUTOBUSV STOTYJE

Putvys: Tarnciutojas: Putvys: Tarnautojas: Putvys:

Kada iseina autobusas i Kaiinq? Sekantis autobusas isein~ uz puses valandos. Tai reiskia, desiffitq valandq. Taip. IS Vilniaus i Kaiinq eina daiig autobusl..l: du autobusai kiekvienq valandq. 5. Ar as galiu dar gauti 5 (penkis) biletus? Mano tevai if mano du br6liai taip pat vaziuos su manimi. 1.

2. 3. 4.

III

Tarnautojas : 6. Putvys: 7. Tarnautojas: 8.

Dar galima. Dabaf nedaug keleivit! vaZiuoja desimtos valandos autobusu. Kiek kainllOja 5 (penki) biletai? Penki biletai kainuoja 10 (desimt) litt! if 10 cefittl·

Putvys: 9. Prasau. (Putvys gives the money to the official and takes the tickets and change). Kuf yra stoties restor an as ? Tarnautojas: 10. Restorano sitoje stotyje nera, bet yra geras restoranas kitoje gatves puseje.

AT THE BUS STATION

Putvys: Official: Putvys: Official: Putvys: Official: Putvys: Official: Putvys: Official:

When does the bus leave for Kaunas? 2. The next bus leaves in half an hour. 3. That means at ten o'clock. 4. Yes. There are many buses running between' Vilnius and Kaunas: two buses every hour. 5. Can I still get 5 tickets? My parents and my two brothers are also going with me. 6. Yes. It is still possible. Not too many travelers take the 10 o'clock bus now. 7. How much do 5 tickets cost? 8. Five tickets cost 10 litas and 10 cents. 9. Here you are. Where is the station restaurant? 10. There is no restaurant in this station, but there is a good restaurant on the other side of the street. 1.

NOTES:' 1. i!\eina - 'goes out', here: 'leaves'. I KaGnq - 'to Kaunas' (here:. leaves for Kaunas). 2. uz - (preposition with gen. and ace.) used with time expressions (with gen.) to denote 'in', Le. 'at the end of a certain period of time'. 3. de!\imtq valand'l - (aec.) 'at ten o'clock'. For time expressions see Lesson 32. 4. i!l VlIniaus - 'from Vilnius'. kiekvienq valandq - (ace. of definite time) 'every hour'. 5. penkis - (acc. of penki 'five'). Numerals are declined in Lithuanian, see Lesson 24. 6. de!limtos valandos autobusu - 'by the 10· o'clock bus'. autobusu - is in the instrumental case to denote means. 8. litas - The litas was the monetary unit of Lithuania; it was worth about twenty cents. For the use of the genitive case here see 24.4,1.

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