Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology

Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 18 (2015) 253–262 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology journal homepage: ww...
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Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 18 (2015) 253–262

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jape

Revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental species of Naarda Walker (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Hypeninae). Part 4. Description of nine new species Balázs Tóth ⁎, László Ronkay 1 Collection Lepidoptera, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Baross utca 13, HU-1088 Budapest, Hungary

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Article history: Received 5 October 2014 Revised 29 January 2015 Accepted 3 February 2015 Available online 12 February 2015

a b s t r a c t Description of nine new Naarda species, N. melistigma, N. nymphoida, N. sonibacsi, N. penicula, N. variegata, N. picata, N. lingualis, N. costicorna, and N. tetramacula spp. n. are given. With 26 figures on 3 plates. © 2015 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Naarda Revision Description New species Genitalia Labial palps

Introduction The first part of the series of articles dealing with the taxonomy and biogeography of the genus Naarda Walker, 1866 (Tóth and Ronkay, 2014a) contains the overview of this large and diverse phyletic group, including the general morphological characterisation of the main lineages and descriptions of 28 new species from eastern and southeastern Asia, bearing well developed and distinct, large or mediumsized cucullus. The second part of the series (Tóth and Ronkay, in press) deals with newly discovered taxa having partially or entirely fused cucullus. The third part (Tóth and Ronkay, 2014b) encompasses the characterisation of a compact species-group with “flying bird-like” male clasping apparatus, as well as the description of three included species. The present paper gives description of new species with completely fused cucullus and abruptly tapering valva. Before the final, monographic revisionary part, at least one further article will continue the description of new taxa. Before this series of articles 29 Oriental and Palaearctic species were described by Walker (1858, 1859, 1866), Hampson (1891, 1893, 1902, 1912), Staudinger (1892), Wileman (1915), Strand (1920), Prout (1928), de Joannis (1929), Sugi (1982), Holloway (2008) and Deng ⁎ Corresponding author. Tel.: +36 12677100. E-mail address: [email protected] (B. Tóth). 1 Tel.: +36 12677100.

and Han (2011). When the revision is complete, the number of known Asian taxa will exceed the 90. Material and methods Authors have checked several institutional and private collections (see list of acronyms in next paragraph). Type materials of comparative species (in the Diagnoses) are hosted in the Natural History Museums of Budapest and London. Permanent genital slides were prepared via the standard method (brief description: Tóth and Ronkay, 2014a,b). Genitalia terminology mainly follows Diakonoff (1954) with some modifications of Tóth and Ronkay (2014a). Acronyms BM(NH) The Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum, Natural History) HNHM Hungarian Natural History Museum HSS Heterocera Sumatrana Society, London MFN Berlin Natural History Museum–Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin KST The private collection of Sándor Tibor Kovács MF The private collection of Michael Fibiger (now hosted at ZMUC).

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2015.02.001 1226-8615/© 2015 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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OUMNH Oxford University Museum of Natural History SDEI German Entomological Institute–Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut TFRI Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan ZFMK Alexander Koenig Museum, Bonn–Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig ZMUC Zoological Museum of the University of Copenhagen Systematic part Naarda melistigma sp. n. male: Plate 3, fig. 1; female: Plate 3, fig. 4 Holotype. ♂, Taiwan: Prov. Ilan, 5 km SW of Ilan, 290 m, 25.II.1996. leg. Gy. Fábián & L. Németh; slide No. TB385m (coll. HNHM). Paratypes. China: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Kuatun (2300 m) 27,40n. Br. 117,40ö. L. leg. J. Klapperich 19.4.1938. (Fukien); slide Nos RL9752m, TB431f, TB467f (coll. ZFMK); 3 ♀, Fujian, Wuyi Shan, 1400 m 27°41′N, 117°33′E, V– VII.2006. leg. Team of Viktor Siniaev; slide Nos TB463f, TB465f (coll. HNHM). Taiwan: 1 ♂, Prov. Ping Tung, 5 km W of CHIPEN 470 m 27–28.IV.1997. leg. S. T. Kovács; slide No. TB363m (coll. KST); 1 ♀, Fushan, Ilan, 13.III.1991, leg. Y.B.Fan; slide No. RL230TFRI (coll. TFRI); 1 ♀, Shenkeng, Taipei, 8.III.1992, leg. Y.B.Fan; slide No. RL232TFRI (coll. TFRI); 2 ♀, Fushan, Ilan, 1–2.XI.1994, leg. Y.B.Fan; slide Nos RL153TFRI, RL195TFRI (coll. TFRI); 1 ♂, Fushan, Ilan, 29.VIII.1995, leg. W.T.Jou; slide No. RL197TFRI (coll. TFRI); 1 ♀, Fushan, Ilan, 30.III.1995, leg. J.J.Hsiao; slide No. RL229TFRI (coll. TFRI); 5 ♂, 9 ♀, Kaohsiung County, Shanping FRA, near Liukuei 22°58′16″”N, 120°41′15″E, 700–800 m, 19–21.XI.2002. leg. L. Ronkay & O. Merkl; slide Nos TB374m, TB376f, TB386f, TB636m (coll. HNHM); 4 ♀, County Ilan, 700 m Fu-Shan Botanical Garden, 24°54′N, 121°45′E, 24.VIII & 25.IX.2000. leg. L. Papp, L. Peregovits and L. Ronkay; slide Nos TB379f, TB388f, TB638f (coll. HNHM); 1 ♀, County Taichung, Hui Sun Exp. Forest, Guandashi LTER site, 950 m 24°04′49″N, 121°02′08″E, 12–13.IV.1997. leg. L. Peregovits & A. Kun; slide No. TB383f (coll. HNHM); 1 ♂, Prov. Taitung, Chihpen Hot Springs; 400 m 6.IV., 9.IV.1997; leg. Csorba & Ronkay (coll. HNHM); 1 ♂, Prov. Nantou, Taroko N.P., Kuanyuan, 2256 m, 24°11′15″N, 121°20′ 45″E, 10.VII.2007, leg. A. Kun; slide No. RL10765m (coll. HNHM). Taxonomy. This and the next two species are closely related judging by the male scent organs on the legs, shape of labial palps, forewing and by the male genitalia. The deeply bifurcate tip of uncus and the presence of editum are apomorphies of this lineage. The special antennal structure of N. melistigma resembles to several Naarda species placed on other lineages (e.g. N. truncata Tóth & Ronkay or N. mirabilis Tóth & Ronkay). Description. Wingspan 15–21 mm, length of forewing 8–11 mm. Antennae in male with crest-like ventral thickenings of each joint projected slightly towards tip of antenna, base of these plates with two setae on each segment being ca 1.5 times diameter of flagellum. Plates being half as long as the diameter of flagellum and slightly wider than the diameter. Ventral edge of plates with cilia as long as setae. Female antennae filiform with setae and cilia on ventral side of antenna being as long as the diameter of flagellum. Length of labial palps 5.5 times diameter of the eyes in both sexes; 3rd segment unusually long and broad in male, more than half as long as the 2nd segment; moderately long and narrow in female, its tip light in both sexes, 2nd segment quite broad, edge of dorsal scales domed in male, straight in female. Scale-hood of vertex broad-based, short, tapering in male, rounded in female. Femora of fore- and hindlegs densely haired. Characteristic wing pattern features: costa of forewing minutely concave in male, convex in female; wing pattern not showing sexual dimorphism, ground colour brownish grey, costa dark brown, subterminal line fragmented to hardly visible grey dots, postmedial line slightly sinuous, gently

bent inwards below cell, antemedial line slightly sinuous, nearly straight, reniform stigma honey-coloured, slightly curved, with a prominent black spot at its lower section, orbicular stigma small, its colour like that of reniform, with dark ring. Hindwing slightly lighter than forewing, with three fasciae, innermost one broadened, making the base of hindwing somewhat darker than other fields of the wing. Male genitalia (Plate 1, fig. 1): Uncus long, broad, straight, its distal third bifurcate; arms straight with pointed tips. Scaphium as long as uncus, straight, weak. Tegumen as long as vinculum, both being moderately sclerotised. Saccus broad-based, long, evenly tapering to a pointed tip. Juxta longer than broad, pentagonal, but all sides concave, making it somewhat similar to a skinned fur, having a medio-apical, roundedtriangular process. Valva triangular but its dorsal edge highly concave, editum present, narrow, third as long as tegumen, emerging from the dorsal corner of the valval base. Sacculus broad, not tapering, ca half as long as valva. One male from China having a small, setose lobe on the dorsal edge of sacculus. The fused structure of costa, harpe and saccular process relatively narrow, tapering, its tip rounded. Aedeagus elongated, slightly curved, with a long, rounded carinal process having tiny teeth at its apical part. Vesica relatively small, smooth, with one strong, broad-based, curved, rounded cornutus. Female genitalia (Plate 1, fig. 2): Ovipositor lobes square. Apophyses long; apophyses posteriors as long as apophyses anteriores. Sternum A8 heavily sclerotised, with tiny granules, transverse and longitudinal ribs, sinus very narrow and short. Lamella antevaginalis present: heavily sclerotised, its shape and size like that of sternum A8, but its surface smooth and the lobes directed proximally. Ductus bursae short, relatively broad. Corpus bursae long, moderately broad, its posterior half with dense scobination, becoming denser towards a signum-like rib, the anterior half sparsely scobinate. Granules tiny. Diagnosis. Specimens of this taxon had been identified as Naarda ochronota Wileman, 1915 for several years (see e.g. Tóth and Ronkay, 2014a: fig. 55). After thorough study of the male holotype of N. ochronota the authors revealed that the 3rd joint of male labial palp is much longer in N. melistigma than in N. ochronota, the new species has serrulate antenna while ochronota has rami, the apex of forewing is more pointed and the stigmata are smaller and darker in melistigma than in ochronota. The closest relative of N. melistigma is N. nymphoida sp. n. Diagnostic features are presented under the Diagnosis of the latter species. The male genitalia of this new species show some resemblance to those of N. egrettoides Tóth and Ronkay, 2014b, however, the base of uncus is simple and the tip is bifurcate in the new species while N. egrettoides has a bulb at the base of its uncus and the tip is rounded, the sacculus of N. melistigma is longer and narrower, the apical part of valva is more tapering, the saccus is longer, the aedeagus is longer, with a more simple vesica and a smaller cornutus than in N. egrettoides. Moreover, this new taxon has editum while N. egrettoides lacks it. Etymology. The species name refers to the deep yellow, honeycoloured reniform and orbicular stigmata. Distribution. This species has somewhat disjunct area: hitherto known from Taiwan and from a mountain range of the neighbour mainland province Fujian. In Taiwan from the lowlands up to 2250 m a.s.l. Naarda nymphoida sp. n. male: Plate 3, fig. 2; female: Plate 3, fig. 5 Holotype. ♂: Vietnam, Prov. Vinh Phu, Tam Dao, 1200 m, 12.X.1986, leg. Mészáros F., Oláh J. & Vásárhelyi T., slide No. TB653m (coll. HNHM). Paratype. ♀: VIETNAM, No. 129 Vinh Phu Prov.; Tam Dao, 09–05.1987. hotel; MV lamp. 840[m] 21°26′N 105°38′E; leg. Matskási I., Oláh J. & Topál Gy., slide No. TB642f (coll. HNHM).

Plate 1. Genitalia of newly and formerly described species. Figure 1: Naarda melistigma sp. n. (clasping apparatus: TB385m; aedeagus: TB363m); figure 2: Naarda melistigma sp. n. (TB376f); figure 3: Naarda nymphoida sp. n. (TB653m) left valva removed; figure 4: Naarda nymphoida sp. n. (TB642f); figure 5: Naarda sonibacsi sp. n. (RL7695m); figure 6: Naarda ochronota Wileman (TB639m).

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Taxonomy. This is the closest known relative of N. melistigma, showing only minute differences in the male and female genitalia. Description. Wingspan 17 mm, length of forewing 9 mm. Antennae in male with crest-like ventral thickenings of each joint, base of these plates with two setae on each segment being ca 1.5 times diameter of flagellum. Plates being half as long as the diameter of flagellum and slightly wider than the diameter. Ventral edge of plates with cilia as long as setae. Female antennae filiform with setae and cilia on the ventral side of antenna being as long as the diameter of flagellum. Labial palps five times longer than diameter of eye in both sexes; 3rd segment very long in male, more than half as long as 2nd segment; moderately long and narrow in female, its tip light in both sexes, 2nd segment moderately broad, edge of dorsal scales slightly domed in male, straight in female. Scale-hood of vertex broadbased but worn in both specimens, supposedly trapezoidal. Characteristic wing pattern features: sexes similar but costa of forewing in concave in male; ground colour of forewing greyish brown in both sexes; costa dark brown; subterminal line indistinct; postmedial line dark, nearly straight, minutely bent inwards below cell; only traces of other transverse lines present; reniform stigma deep ochreous, small, ovoid, with a black dot in the centre of its bottom half; orbicular stigma concolorous with reniform, tiny, with broad dark edge in male; hindwing slightly lighter than forewing in male; not lighter in female; traces of two fasciae present in both sexes. Male genitalia (Plate 1, fig. 3). Uncus long, broad, straight, its distal third bifurcate; arms straight with pointed tips. Scaphium as long as uncus, curved, weak. Tegumen slightly longer than vinculum; the latter being slightly more sclerotised than the tegumen. Juxta damaged, without medio-dorsal rib or process. Valva triangular, with conspicuously elongate and slightly curved apical fused structure. Dorsal edge of valva with a small lobe. Editum present: narrow and very long, nearly as long as tegumen. Sacculus long and narrow. Aedeagus elongate, curved; process of carina long, strong, slightly curved, its apical half dentate. Vesica (partially everted) smooth, with a narrow, broad-based cornutus curved at its base. Female genitalia (Plate 1, fig. 4). Ovipositor lobes square. Apophyses long; apophyses posteriors as long as apophyses anteriores. Sternum A8 with tiny granules and two, somewhat irregular lobes, sinus between these lobes wide and long. Lamella antevaginalis large, with two broad and long lobes directed anteriorly, lateral and proximal edges of these lobes with numerous spines and teeth having variable length, width and direction. Ductus bursae short and narrow. Corpus bursae long and broad, its posterior half with dense scobination, the anterior half sparsely scobinate. Diagnosis. Naarda nymphoida differs from its closest relative, N. melistigma, by the much more elongate editum and apical fused structure of the valva, the presence of a small lobe on the dorsal edge of the valva, the presence of dentation on carinal process and the more elongate cornutus of aedeagus in the male genitalia, the much longer and broader sinus and the irregularly dentate-spinulose edge of lamella antevaginalis in the female genitalia. The two species are indistinguishable by external morphology. The male genitalia of this new species are somewhat similar to those of N. ardeola Tóth and Ronkay, 2014b, however, the base of uncus is simple and the tip is bifurcate in the new species while N. ardeola has a bulb at the base of its uncus and the tip is rounded, the transtilla is much narrower, the basal half of the valva is broader, the apical fused structure is narrower relative to the rest of the valva, the sacculus is narrower, the aedeagus is longer and more curved, with a longer, narrower and more curved cornutus than in N. ardeola.

Moreover, this new taxon has a very long editum while N. ardeola lacks it. Etymology. The specific name indicates the shape of the lamella antevaginalis, which is reminiscent to a petal of Nymphoides peltata (fringed water-lily). Distribution. Vietnam. Naarda sonibacsi sp. n. male: Plate 3, fig. 3 Holotype. ♂, Nepal: Annapurna Himal, Deorali, 3100 m, 83°43′E, 28°24′ N, 5–6.X.1994, leg. Csorba & Ronkay; slide No. RL7695m (coll. HNHM). Paratype. Nepal: 1 ♂, Koshi, Taplejung area above Dhoban, 1600 m, 87°39′E, 27°22′N, 10.IV.1996, leg. G. Csorba & S. T. Kovács; slide No. TB353m (coll. KST). Taxonomy. The distally dilated, hockey-club-like valva is an apomorphy of this species. Description. Wingspan 19–21 mm, length of forewing 9–11.5 mm. Antennae bipectinate, rami wide, being as long as the diameter of flagellum; ciliate, cilia as long as the diameter of flagellum; setae arising from the base of each ramus, length of setae four times diameter of flagellum. Length of labial palps four times diameter of the eyes; 3rd segment very long, its tip light, 2nd segment quite broad, edge of dorsal scales straight. Scale-hood of vertex broad-based, short, rounded. Femora of forelegs broad; distal part of hind tibiae with densely haired scent organ and one pair of spurs. Characteristic wing pattern features: forewing greyish brown; transverse lines hardly visible; subterminal line fragmented to mouse-grey dots; postmedial line dark grey, nearly completely straight. Reniform stigma relatively small and close to costa, yolk-coloured with blackish edge, more-or-less circular, with large dark spot in bottom third; orbicular stigma very small but visible, pale yellow, dark edge present. Ground colour of hindwing similar to that of forewing; fasciae visible at inner margin only. Male genitalia (Plate 1, fig. 5). Uncus long, broad, straight, its distal third bifurcate; arms straight with pointed tips. Scaphium straight, shorter than uncus. Tegumen as long as vinculum. Editum present: situated at broad basal part of valva, close to its dorsal edge; triangular, its tip rounded. Base of saccus wide, its tip pointed. Juxta triangular with pointed process on ventral side (shape of juxta rather chevronlike), its medio-apical process perpendicular to the juxta; well developed, thumb-shaped, its edges dentate. Valva wide, abruptly tapering; cucullus fused with costa and harpe, forming dilated, more or less foot-shaped, dorsally curved, heavily sclerotised structure. Sacculus broad and short, ventral and dorsal edges parallel. Aedeagus elongate, slightly curved. Apical process of carina short, broad-based and slightly curved, with pointed tip and slightly dentate margin. Vesica (not everted) with large, broad-based and strongly curved (claw-like), pointed cornutus. Diagnosis. This species is a close relative of N. melistigma. The external appearance of the two species, including the shape of wings, is very similar, but the pattern of N. sonibacsi is less conspicuous than in its sister species. The male genitalia of the two taxa are also very similar. Naarda sonibacsi can be distinguished from N. melistigma by the distally dilated fusion of cucullus, costa and harpe; the bigger medio-apical process of juxta and the less curved aedeagus. The hockey-club-like structure of the male genitalia in N. sonibacsi is somewhat similar to the slight apical valval dilation in N. kinabaluensis Holloway, 2008 but this structure is broader compared with the width of the valva, the juxta is more elongate, the uncus is much narrower and the aedeagus is somewhat more elongate in N. sonibacsi than in

Plate 2. Male genitalia of newly described species. Figure 1: Naarda penicula sp. n. (RL9746m); figure 2: Naarda variegata sp. n. (TB381m); figure 3: Naarda picata sp. n. (clasping apparatus: TB361m; aedeagus: TB360m); figure 4: Naarda lingualis sp. n. (RL9742m); figure 5: Naarda costicorna sp. n. (clasping apparatus: RL7984m; aedeagus: RL8011m); figure 6: Naarda tetramacula sp. n. (TB402m).

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N. kinabaluensis. Other, conspicuous differences include the moderately broad, bifurcate uncus and the presence of editum in the new species vs. the not bifurcate but unusually broad uncus and the lack of editum in N. kinabaluensis, respectively. Etymology. This species is dedicated to Sándor Tibor Kovács, renowned Hungarian lepidopterist, and explorer of south-eastern Asiatic fauna; collector of a number of new Naarda species. Distribution. This taxon seems to be distributed widely in the southern Himalayas in Nepal. It was found in lower and medium-high altitude regions in the Annapurna and Kanchenjunga massifs. Naarda penicula sp. n. male: Plate 3, fig. 7; female: Plate 3, fig. 10 Holotype. ♂, China: Guangdong Prov., Linping, 30.V.1924, leg. H. Höne; slide No. RL9746m (coll. ZFMK). Paratypes. China: 1 ♀, data as holotype, but slide No. RL9747f [copulatory organ missing]; 1 ♂, data as holotype, but 28.IX.1924; slide No. TB840m; 1 ♂, data as holotype, but 2.X.1923; not dissected. All paratypes are deposited in coll. ZFMK. Taxonomy. The unipectinate antenna is a very rare character in the genus. Description. Wingspan 17–19 mm, length of forewing 8–10 mm. Antennae unipectinate in male, filiform and ciliate in female. Length of male rami variable, longest ones twice longer than diameter of flagellum; rami ciliate, cilia as long as diameter of flagellum. Length of female cilia three quarter diameter of flagellum. Labial palps long: 4.5 times longer than diameter of the eyes in male, 5.5 times in female; 3rd segment in male very long, with its tip light coloured; 2nd segment relatively broad at both sexes, dorsal scales worn (in the material examined), shape of edge not characterisable. Scale-hood of vertex very long, broad-based, its tip rounded in male. Base of forewing in male with a scent organ composed by creamy white hairy scales being nearly as long as the half of costa. Characteristic wing pattern features: sexes similar; ground colour of forewing dark greyish brown (specimens somewhat faded); subterminal line narrow, greyish, weakly sinuous; postmedial line blackish, clearly visible, strongly sinuous, nearly touching reniform stigma at its middle section, angled outwards above cell and inwards below it; reniform stigma large, wide, oval or angular, oblong, pale yellow (somewhat faded), with black dot in bottom third; orbicular stigma ochreous, clearly visible, with blackish edge. Ground colour and fasciae of hindwing similar to those of forewing. Male genitalia (Plate 2, fig. 1). Uncus relatively long, straight, broad, its tip dilated, mushroom-shaped, apical edge slightly concave. Scaphium slightly sinuous, much shorter than uncus. Tegumen shorter than vinculum. The whole transtilla very broad, with two large processes near valvae. Saccus short, very broad, not tapering, its tip rounded. Juxta oval-shaped with pointed apex ventrally and two small pointed areas laterally; with a broad, straight, pointed medial process directed dorsally. Valva broad-based, very abruptly tapering, its tip truncate, with paintbrush-like long scales. Costa well developed. Sacculus broad-based, narrow and long, with relatively broad but very short section basally. Cucullus–costa–harpe complex only partly fused, with small fused region. Aedeagus long, straight, not tapering, carinal region with longitudinal crests; vesica small, T-shaped, its surface smooth, with 1–1 mediumsized, straight, pointed cornuti at tips of both diverticula. Diagnosis. The closest relative of this new species is N. variegata sp. n., the two taxa share the very rare character of unipectinate antennae. However, N. penicula can be distinguished externally from N. variegata by the narrower shape of forewing, the darker, more greyish ground colour and the more prominent transverse lines. The male genitalia of these two species are also very similar, but the apical edge of uncus is concave in N. penicula instead of being straight (as in N. variegata), the costa of the former species is more curved, the medial process of juxta is more prominent, and the transtilla is broader relative to its length, with less deep U-shaped structure than in

N. variegata. The carinal region of aedeagus is densely dentate in both species but the teeth are bigger in N. penicula than in N. variegata. The cornuti of aedeagus are also different in the two taxa: while in N. penicula the two cornuti have ca equal length, cornuti of N. variegata are considerably different in size. The third species of the group, N. picata, has shorter valvae, smaller transtillar processes, prominent costal spine and larger cornuti of vesica. All these three species are close relatives of N. ochronota, but N. penicula differs from the former species in the somewhat shorter arms of the transtilla and the presence of a broad medio-dorsal process on the juxta. (The holotype of ochronota lost its abdomen, but a topotypic male specimen – BM Noct. 21786♂, and a further male individual – TB639m, were examined.) The external morphology and pattern of these species are also very similar, but N. penicula has somewhat more elongate forewings than N. ochronota. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the paintbrush-like structure of the valval tip (“peniculus” means “paint-brush” in Latin). Distribution. Southern China (Prov. Guangdong). Naarda variegata sp. n. male: Plate 3, fig. 8 Holotype. ♂, Taiwan: County Kaohsiung, 700 m, Liu-Kuei, Shan-Ping Forest Res. Stat., 22°58′16″N, 120°41′15″E, 14–15.IV.1997, leg. L. Peregovits & A. Kun; slide No. TB381m (coll. HNHM). Paratype. 1 ♂, with the same data as the holotype, slide No. TB841m (coll. HNHM). Taxonomy. This taxon forms a species-complex together with N. ochronota, N. penicula and N. picata sp. n. The wing pattern of N. variegata is unusually distinct and contrasting. Description. Wingspan 19 mm, length of forewing 9.5–10 mm. Antennae ciliate and unipectinate, length of rami half times diameter of flagellum, cilia as long as diameter of flagellum. Length of labial palps 5 times diameter of eyes; 3rd segment short, pointed, clearly visible, its tip light; 2nd segment quite broad, dorsal edge of long scales straight; length of these scales slightly descending towards apex. Scale-hood of vertex relatively narrow, long, its tip rounded. Characteristic wing pattern features: forewing costa minutely concave; ground colour dark grey; subterminal line narrow, mouse-grey, sinuous, with strong dark shadow inside; postmedial line blackish, slightly less sinuous than subterminal line, running parallel with it, defined by lighter stripe outside; medial line distinct only close to dorsum; antemedial line present; reniform stigma pale yellow, oval, with black dot at bottom third and with narrow blackish edge; orbicular stigma fine, clearly visible, pale yellow. Fasciae and ground colour of hindwing like those of forewing; tiny discal spot present. Male genitalia (Plate 2, fig. 2). Uncus quite long, straight, broadbased, tapering towards the rather rounded fungiform apical plate. Apical edge of this structure being straight. Scaphium straight, shorter than uncus. Tegumen shorter than vinculum. The whole transtilla very broad, the two large processes near valvae slightly longer than in the previous species. Saccus short, very broad, tapering, its tip truncate. Juxta ovalshaped with pointed apex ventrally and two small pointed areas laterally, with a broad and straight medial process. Valva rather triangular, broad-based and very abruptly tapering, apical fused structure rounded and slightly curved dorsally, with long scales directed laterally. Sacculus broad-based, its proximal half similarly broad, while distal half narrow. Aedeagus relatively thick, straight, not tapering distally; carinal region with tiny spines; vesica (semi-everted) smooth, with two strong and straight cornuti. Diagnosis. Comparison of the two closely related species, N. penicula and N. variegata is given above, in the diagnosis of N. penicula. The specific differences of N. variegata are the broader forewing, the variegated, handsome external appearance, the straight apical edge of uncus, the somewhat more elongated valvae, the longer transtillar processes, the smoother dentation of carina and the great difference between the sizes of the two cornuti of vesica.

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Plate 3. Adults of newly and formerly described species. Figure 1: Naarda melistigma sp. n. male, paratype; figure 2: Naarda nymphoida sp. n. male, holotype; figure 3: Naarda sonibacsi sp. n. male, holotype; figure 4: Naarda melistigma sp. n. female, paratype; figure 5: Naarda nymphoida sp. n. female, paratype; figure 6: Naarda ochronota Wileman male, holotype (BMNH); figure 7: Naarda penicula sp. n. male, paratype; figure 8: Naarda variegata sp. n. male, paratype; figure 9: Naarda ochronota Wileman male (TB639m); figure 10: Naarda penicula sp. n. female, paratype; figure 11: Naarda picata sp. n. male, paratype; figure 12: Naarda lingualis sp. n. male, holotype; figure 13: Naarda costicorna sp. n. male, holotype; figure 14: Naarda tetramacula sp. n. male, holotype.

The new species is somewhat similar externally to N. coerulea, but the antennal structure is different, the forewing is broader and the pattern contains more light elements.

The male genitalia of N. variegata can hardly be separated from those of N. ochronota (Plate 1, fig. 6) while the external appearance shows reliable distinguishing features: the forewing ground colour of N.

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variegata is dark grey while that of N. ochronota (Plate 3, figs. 6 and 9) is dark greyish brown; and the transverse lines are more contrasting in N. variegata than in the latter species. Etymology. The specific name refers to the unusually variegated pattern of the wings. Distribution. Taiwan. Naarda picata sp. n. male: Plate 3, fig. 11 Holotype. ♂, Taiwan: Prov. Taoyuan, Ming Chyr Forest Recreation Area, 1160 m, 24–26.VI.1997. leg. S. T. Kovács; slide No. TB360m (coll. KST). Paratype. 1 ♂, with the same data as the holotype, slide No. TB361m (coll. KST). Taxonomy. The bipectinate antenna, the presence of costal process and the slightly bifurcate uncus is an apomorphy of N. picata in its species complex. Description. Wingspan 22–23 mm, length of forewing 11–12 mm. Antennae bipectinate, length of rami three times diameter of flagellum, rami with cilia 1.5 times longer than diameter of flagellum. Labial palps long, their length 5 times diameter of eyes; 3rd segment relatively long, narrow, its tip pointed, light; 2nd segment broad, dorsal scales short, dorsal edge straight. Scale-hood of vertex broad, long, tapering, its tip rounded. Characteristic wing pattern features: ground colour brownish grey; subterminal line grey, narrow, strongly sinuous, with blackish shadow inside; postmedial line less sinuous, blackish, without any shadow, slightly angled inwards below cell, situated closer to subterminal than in other species; antemedial line present; reniform stigma dark ochreous, bean-shaped, with darker edge, a blackish dot at bottom third and a greyish, narrow line in the axis; orbicular stigma big, its colour like that of reniform, its dark edge complete. Hindwing lighter than forewing, but the area between Cu2 and inner margin darker; hindwing with one complete transverse line. Male genitalia (Plate 2, fig. 3). Uncus broad, slightly curved, apex narrower than in relatives, but slightly bifurcate, hooked. Scaphium straight, shorter than uncus. Tegumen shorter than vinculum. The whole transtilla very broad, with two large processes near valvae being the shortest within this species-complex. Saccus quite long, broad, tapering, tip pointed. Juxta oval-shaped, the two lateral emergences smaller than in previous species, also without medial process. Valva broad-based, shortest in this complex, its tip rounded. Costa with long, narrow, straight process (“apical spine”) very close to the tip. Sacculus narrow and long. Aedeagus quite thick, straight, not tapering; vesica smooth, bifid, with two large diverticula and 1–1 strong, long, slightly curved and pointed, apically positioned cornuti at the apex of each diverticula. Diagnosis. Naarda picata is a very close relative of N. variegata and N. ochronota, but the male antennae are bipectinate instead of being unipectinate, and the ground colour of wings is lighter, with weaker light grey pattern than in the other two species. The male genitalia are also similar; the narrow sacculus, the acute, spiniform costal process, the conspicuously short (broader than long) valva and the large cornuti of aedeagus are the diagnostic features of N. picata in contrast to the broad sacculus, the lack of any costal process, the more elongate (ca as broad as long) valva and the moderate-sized cornuti of the latter species-pair. Etymology. The lance-shaped costal process inspired the species name. Distribution. Taiwan. Naarda lingualis sp. n. male: Plate 3, fig. 12 Holotype. ♂, China: Zhejiang Prov., West Tien-mu-shan, 22.VIII.-3. IX.1932, leg. H. Höne; slide No. RL9742m (coll. ZFMK). Paratypes. China: 3 ♂, with the same data as the holotype, slide Nos RL9743m, TB427m; 2 ♂, Prov. Hunan, Hoengshan, 900 m, 5.VIII.1933, leg. H. Höne; slide Nos RL9749m, TB429m (coll. ZFMK).

Taxonomy. This species is assigned to another complex constituted by altogether 3 taxa, N. tetramacula, N. costicorna and N. lingualis. The common features of these species are the short uncus, the dorsally directed process of the costa and a rectangular “window” (weakly sclerotised area) in the valva bordered dorsally by the costa, laterally (distally) by the fused apical valval structure and ventrally by the sacculus. Description. Wingspan 16–19 mm, length of forewing 8–9 mm. Antennae filiform, ciliate with setae; cilia at ventral side of flagellum, with length 3/4 times diameter of flagellum; length of setae 1.5 times diameter of flagellum. Labial palps two times or slightly more than two times diameter of eyes; 3rd segment hardly visible; 2nd segment broad, dorsal scales long, dorsal edge very convex, nearly domed. Scale-hood of vertex short, broad-based. Characteristic wing pattern features: forewing costa minutely concave; ground colour greyish brown; subterminal line indistinct; postmedial line dark, wide, sinuous, touching reniform stigma by blackish dilation; antemedial and medial lines also present; reniform stigma broad, oval or angular, oblong, ochreous, with big blackish dot at bottom and small one at the top; orbicular stigma small, dark ochreous, with strong dark edge. Hindwing paler than forewing. Male genitalia (Plate 2, fig. 4). Uncus short, slightly curved, apically dilated, bifurcate, with two short, pointed arms. Scaphium straight, shorter than uncus. Tegumen as long as vinculum, with more or less short, pointed penicular process. Saccus broad-based, short, rounded. Juxta broad and long, with central, rounded lobe. Valva broad-based, abruptly tapering. Costa very well developed, with huge, terminally rounded, tongue-shaped costal lobe directed dorso-apically. Sacculus broad-based, short, abruptly tapering, its tip pointed. Fused apical structure tapering into pointed and dorsally curved tip. Aedeagus thick, straight, dilated towards carina. Vesica globular, its surface scobinate, with narrow smooth transverse band and smooth, pointed diverticulum and huge, slightly curved, pointed cornutus close to carina. Diagnosis. The three species of the lineage are externally rather similar, displaying only slight differences. The costa of forewing in N. lingualis is minutely concave just as in N. tetramacula, but in contrast to N. costicorna. Additional common feature of the two former species is the black area just near reniform stigma extending to postmedial line. The transverse lines of N. tetramacula are less conspicuous, but the stigmata are bigger and more distinct than in N. lingualis. Features of the male genitalia easily distinguish the three taxa of the lineage. Naarda lingualis differs from the two closely allied species by its more elongated, basally narrower valvae with much broader, lobate costal process located closer to the valval apex, and the proportionally longest and slenderest carinal process; the penicular processes on average larger than in the other two species, and the uncus is apically finely bifurcate like in N. tetramacula, while the tip of uncus is simple in N. costicorna. This new species is externally similar also to N. leptovalva Tóth and Ronkay, 2014a, but the labial palps are slightly shorter, the ground-colour of wings is browner, the postmedial line is slightly more sinuous and the reniform stigma is smaller. The male genitalia of N. lingualis are somewhat similar to those of N. ineffectalis (Walker, 1858), but overall larger in size, the uncus is much shorter comparing with the measures of the entire capsule, the juxta is more simple, without any dentation, the saccus is absent, the valva is less abruptly tapering, its tip is more pointed, and the cornutus of aedeagus is smaller than in the latter species. The valva of N. lingualis is with a huge costal lobe, which is absent from N. ineffectalis. Etymology. The large, tongue-shaped costal process of male genitalia inspired the specific name. Distribution. This species shows a somewhat disjunct distribution in southern China.

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Naarda costicorna sp. n. male: Plate 3, fig. 13 Holotype. ♂, Philippines: Palawan, Mantalingajan, Tagembung, 1150 m, 18.IX.1961, Noona Dan Exp., “caught by Mercury-light, 18.3006.00”, slide No. RL7984m (coll. ZMUC) Paratypes. Philippines: 3 ♂, Palawan, Mantalingajan, Tagembung, 1150 m, 17.IX.1961, Noona Dan Exp.; slide Nos RL7985m, RL7993m, RL8011m (coll. ZMUC). Taxonomy. This species has the longest costal process in the complex. Description. Wingspan 20.5–21 mm, length of forewing 8.5–9.5 mm. Male antenna rather filiform, with fine crest-like ventral thickenings of each joint, and with rather short fasciculate cilia. Male palpi medium-long, porrect, blackish brown, broadly cuneate with acute apex and rounded proximo-dorsal edge; third joint very short, white. Scale-hood of vertex large, broad-based, apically finely bicuspidate. Characteristic wing pattern features: subterminal line clearly visible, strongly sinuous ochreous (whitish), reniform stigma pale ochreous with two blackish dots, orbicular pale, tiny, ochreous; postmedial line fine, strongly sinuous, angled strongly inwards below cell; markings of hindwing diffuse, indistinct, discal spot and crosslines being stronger at underside. Male genitalia (Plate 2, fig. 5). Uncus short, slightly curved, its tip rounded. Tegumen as long as vinculum. Saccus broad, very short, rounded. Juxta angular, elongate, medial part of its ventral edge with a tiny projection. Valva broad-based, abruptly tapering, distal half a stronger sclerotised, fused structure composed from the valval costa and the enlarged, ventrally situated harpe. This part of valva strongly tapering, more or less sword-like, terminally curved and acutely pointed. Costa well developed, arched basally; costal process narrow, straight, dorsally directed, located close to the middle of the free section of the costa. Sacculus relatively narrow and short. Aedeagus straight, thick, process of carina broad, long, pointed, strongly dentate. Vesica slightly ovoid, with large, slightly curved, dentate, rounded cornutus close to carina, posterior half of vesica densely scobinate. Diagnosis. Diagnostic male genital features of N. costicorna, in comparison with the closest related N. lingualis and N. tetramacula, are the narrow, long, rather finger-like costal process situated at middle section of the valva, the apically not bifurcate uncus, and the serrate–dentate carinal process. The cornutus of vesica is larger, and the entire valva is longer, distally more tapering than in N. tetramacula. The male genitalia of this new species are somewhat similar to those of N. barlowi Holloway, 2008, but the costal process is much narrower and longer, the valva is more abruptly tapering and its apical fused structure is more elongate in the new species than in the latter. The tip of uncus is not bifurcate in N. costicorna, the tegumen has no penicular process, the aedeagus has carinal process and the cornutus is dentate in contrast to the bifurcate uncus, the presence of penicular process, the absence of carinal process and the smooth surface of the cornutus in N. barlowi. Etymology. The specific name refers to the straight process on the valval costa. Distribution. The species is known from the type locality only (Philippines: southern part of Palawan). Naarda tetramacula sp. n. male: Plate 3, fig. 14 Holotype. ♂, Indonesia: North Sumatra, Holzweg II., 28 km S from Pematang Siantar, near Tigadoluk, 1050 m, 02°45′52″N / 099°58′20″E, 10.II.2002, leg. K. Larsen & M. Fibiger; slide No. TB402m (coll. MF). Taxonomy. This is the third species of the complex, being closer to N. lingualis than to N. costicorna. Description. Wingspan 15 mm, length of forewing 7.5 mm. Antennae filiform, ciliate with setae; ciliation in two pairs both sides of each segment, length of cilia 1.5 times diameter of flagellum; setae twice longer than diameter of flagellum. Length of labial palps more than 2.5 times diameter of eyes; 3rd segment hardly visible; 2nd segment broad,

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dorsal scales long, shortening towards apex, dorsal edge descending. Scale-hood of vertex broad, short, its tip straight. Characteristic wing pattern features: ground colour of forewing dark greyish brown, subterminal line grey, hardly visible, fragmented, nearly straight; postmedial line dark, parallel with subterminal line, stronger but even hardly visible, with an inwards projection close to reniform stigma; reniform stigma thick, oval, golden yellow, with two small blackish dots at top and bottom thirds; orbicular stigma large, its size half of reniform stigma, situated close to costa, having narrow dark edge. Hindwing slightly paler than forewing, transverse lines slightly finer. Male genitalia (Plate 2, fig. 6). Uncus short, slightly curved. Scaphium weak, straight, shorter than uncus. Tegumen as long as vinculum. Saccus narrow-based, short, not tapering, its tip rounded. Juxta broad, isodiametric. Base of valva broad; valva tapering. Costa strong, with broadbased, short, tooth-like process in half distance between tip and base of valva. Sacculus narrow-based, relatively short, not tapering. Aedeagus straight and very thick, not tapering; carina with very strong, broad, basally weaker sclerotised straight process being almost as long as aedeagus, its tip pointed, with weak dentation around; vesica globular, smooth, with apical scobinate diverticulum. Diagnosis. The differences in the external appearance of the three closely related species are discussed in the diagnosis of N. lingualis; the costa of forewing in N. tetramacula is minutely concave like in N. lingualis, the transverse lines are less conspicuous, but the stigmata are bigger and more distinctly marked. The male genitalia of N. tetramacula can be distinguished from the two other members of the lineage by the shortest valvae with the smallest, rather triangular costal process and the broadest, less acute valval apex; the carinal process of aedeagus is less dentate than those of N. costicorna. The male genitalia of N. tetramacula are similar to those of N. barlowi, but the uncus of this new species is not bifurcate, the tegumen does not have penicular processes, in contrast to N. barlowi, the valva of N. tetramacula is broader, its aedeagus has a big carinal process and lacks the large cornutus of N. barlowi. Etymology. The Latin “tetramacula” means “four patches”; specific name is derived from the character that the size of reniform and orbicular stigmata is similar. Distribution. This species was found in North Sumatra. Acknowledgments Our special thanks to Jung-Tai Chao (TFRI, Taipei) for the opportunity to work in the Insect Collection of the institution which was initiating the revisional work of the genus Naarda. We are grateful to Christian Kutzscher (SDEI Müncheberg), Wolfram Mey (MFN Berlin), Martin Honey (BMNH London), Prof. Lutz Kobes (HSS, Göttingen), Niels Peder Kristensen and Ole Karsholt (ZMUC), Dieter Stüning (ZFMK), and Joel Minet and Jerome Barbut (MNHN Paris) for the access of the type material of their institutes and the loan of several Naarda specimens which were essential in our work. The authors express their thanks to Mihály Földvári, Sándor Tibor Kovács, Ádám Kőrösi, András Kun, Oleg Pekarsky, László Peregovits, Gábor Ronkay, Albert Szappanos and the late Michael Fibiger for lending Naarda specimens for examination. The authors are indebted to several staff members providing information and/or images on certain Naarda type specimens: Jung-Tai Chao (TFRI), Martin Honey (BMNH), Ole Karsholt (ZMUC), Christian Kutzscher (SDEI), Amoret Spooner (OUMNH), and Ken Walker (Museum Victoria, Melbourne). The first author would like to express his thanks to the leaders of the Hungarian Natural History Museum for obtaining research authorisation to the examination of the Naarda material hosted at HNHM. He is indebted also to the staff members of the Collection Lepidoptera for their generous help during his research. The visit of Balázs Tóth to the BMNH was supported by the Campus Hungary Program.

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The visits of László Ronkay to the BMNH and the MNHN were supported by the Synthesys Project (Grant nos. GB-TAF-2656 and FR-TAF562), his work in the TFRI was financed by the National Research Council, Taipei (NSC), while the studies in the ZMUC were granted by the COBICE project. References de Joannis, J., 1929. Lépidoptères Heterocères du Tonkin. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 98, 361–557 (pls. 1–3). Deng, G., Han, H.L., 2011. A new species of Naarda from Southwest China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Hypeninae). Tinea 21 (5), 256–258. Diakonoff, A., 1954. Considerations on the terminology of the genitalia in Lepidoptera. Lep. News 8 (3–4), 67–74. Hampson, G.F., 1891. Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum VIII: The Lepidoptera Heterocera of the Nilgiri District. Taylor & Francis, London (144+4 pp., 8 pls). Hampson, G.F., 1893. Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum IX: The Macrolepidoptera Heterocera of Ceylon. Taylor & Francis, London (182+5 pp., 20 pls). Hampson, G.F., 1902. The moths of India. Supplementary paper to the volumes in ‘The Fauna of British India’ Series II, Part VI. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 14, 197–219. Hampson, G.F., 1912. The moths of India. Supplementary paper to the volumes in ‘The Fauna of British India’ Series IV, Part V. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 21, 1222–1272 (pl. 1). Holloway, J.D., 2008. The moths of Borneo: family Noctuidae, subfamilies Rivulinae, Phytometrinae, Herminiinae, Hypeninae, Hypenodinae. Malay. Nat. J. 60 (1–4), 1–268.

Prout, L.B., 1928. Noctuid moths from some of the mountains of Sarawak. Sarawak Mus. J. 3, 461–503 (pls. 1–2). Sugi, Sh., 1982. Noctuidae. In: Inoue, H., Sh, Sugi, Kuroko, H., Sh, Moriuti, Kawabe, A. (Eds.), Moths of Japan I–II. Kodansha Co., Tokyo (966+402 pp.). Staudinger, O., 1892. Die Macrolepidopteren des Amurgebiets I. Theil. Rhopalocera, Sphinges, Bombyces, Noctuae. In: Romanoff, N.M. (Ed.), Mémoirs sur les Lépidoptères 6. Imprimerie de M.M. Stassuléwitch, St. Petersburg, pp. 83–658 (pls. 1–10). Strand, E., 1920. H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeite: Noctuidae II., nebst Nachtrage zu den Familien Arctiidae, Lymantriidae, Notodontidae, Geometridae, Thyrididae, Pyralidae, Tortricidae, Gelechiidae und Oecophoridae. Arch.Naturgesch. 84 (A 12), 102–197. Tóth, B., Ronkay, L., 2014a. Revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental species of the genus Naarda Walker, 1866 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Hypeninae). Part 1. Taxonomic notes and description of 28 new species from Asia. Orient. Insects 48 (1–2), 1–49. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2014.959790. Tóth, B., Ronkay, L., 2014b. Revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental species of the genus Naarda Walker, 1866 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Hypeninae). Part 3. Description of three new species from Asia. Nota Lepidopterol. 37 (1), 9–18. Tóth, B., Ronkay, L., 2015. Revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental species of the genus Naarda Walker, 1866 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Hypeninae). Part 2. Description of ten new species from Asia. Acta Zool. Acad. Sci. Hung. (in press). Walker, F., 1858. List of Specimens of the Lepidopterous Insects of the Collection of the British Museum 16. Edward Newman, London (253 pp.). Walker, F., 1859. List of Specimens of the Lepidopterous Insects of the Collection of the British Museum 19. Edward Newman, London (238 pp.). Walker, F., 1866. List of Specimens of the Lepidopterous Insects of the Collection of the British Museum 35. Edward Newman, London (506 pp.). Wileman, A.E., 1915. New species of Noctuidae from Formosa. Entomologist 48, 191–196.

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