IV. Environmental Impact Analysis D. Light, Glare, and Shading 1. Introduction This section addresses the potential impacts that could result from the proposed Project with regard to light, glare, and shading.

a. Light and Glare Artificial light impacts are typically associated with light that occurs during the evening and nighttime hours, and may include streetlights, illuminated signage, vehicle headlights, and other point sources. There are two types of artificial, or man-made, light sources: (1) point sources (e.g., illuminated signage, street light poles, vehicle headlights); and (2) indirect sources that reflect light onto adjacent properties (e.g., reflective or lightcolored surfaces). The effect produced by indirect light sources is commonly referred to as “glare.” Point sources are addressed in the analysis of nighttime illumination impacts, while indirect sources are addressed in the analysis of glare impacts. Nighttime illumination of varying intensities is characteristic of most urban and suburban land uses, including those in the City of Pasadena (City). New nighttime light sources have the potential to increase ambient nighttime illumination levels and result in spillover of light onto adjacent properties. These effects have the potential to interfere with certain functions including vision, sleep, privacy, and general enjoyment of the natural nighttime condition. The significance of the impact depends on the type of use affected, proximity to the affected use, the intensity of the light source, and the existing ambient light environment. Typically, land uses that are considered sensitive to nighttime light include, but are not limited to, residential, some commercial and institutional uses, and natural areas. These land uses are recognized as light-sensitive because they are typically occupied by persons who have expectations for privacy during evening hours and who are subject to disturbance by bright light sources (or in the case of natural areas, biological resources that are subject to disturbance by bright light sources). The analysis below evaluates the potential for the nighttime lighting sources introduced by the Project to impact these light-sensitive uses. Glare is primarily a daytime occurrence caused by the reflection of sunlight or artificial light from highly polished surfaces, such as highly reflective window glass or other City of Pasadena SCH. No. 2013071018

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materials, and, to a lesser degree, from broad expanses of light-colored surfaces. Daytime glare generation is common in urban areas and is typically associated with mid- to high-rise buildings with exterior façades largely or entirely comprised of highly reflective glass or mirror-like materials from which the sun can reflect, particularly following sunrise and prior to sunset. Glare generation is typically related to sun angles, although glare resulting from reflected sunlight can occur regularly at certain times of the year. Glare can also be produced during evening and nighttime hours by artificial light directed toward a lightsensitive land use. The analysis of glare provided below assesses the Project’s potential impacts on glare-sensitive uses, which include light-sensitive uses and transportation corridors (i.e., roadways).

b. Shading Shading from buildings and structures has the potential to block direct sunlight onto nearby land uses that are sensitive to the effects of shading. Although shading is a common and expected quality in urban areas, and considered a beneficial feature of the environment when it provides cover from excess sunlight and heat, it can have an adverse impact if the blockage interferes with sun-related activities and desired sunlight at shadesensitive uses. Shadow effects depend on several factors, including the local topography, height and bulk of a project’s structural elements, sensitivity of adjacent land uses, season, and duration of shadow projection. Typically shade-sensitive uses include all residential uses and routinely usable outdoor spaces associated with recreational or institutional uses (e.g., schools, convalescent homes); commercial uses such as pedestrian-oriented outdoor spaces or restaurants with outdoor dining areas; nurseries; and existing solar collectors. These uses are considered sensitive because sunlight is important to function, physical comfort, or commerce. For the purposes of this analysis, the two solstices (i.e., summer and winter) and two equinoxes (i.e., spring and fall) are analyzed to describe the variety of conditions that occur during the course of the year.

(1) Winter and Summer Solstice “Solstice” is defined as either of the two points on the ecliptic (i.e., the path of the earth around the sun) that lie midway between the equinoxes (separated from them by an angular distance of 90 degrees). At the solstices, the sun’s apparent position on the celestial sphere reaches its greatest distance above or below the celestial equator, about 23.5 degrees of the arc. At winter solstice, about December 21, the sun is overhead at noon at the Tropic of Capricorn; this marks the beginning of winter in the Northern Hemisphere. At the time of the summer solstice, about June 21, the sun is directly overhead at noon at the Tropic of Cancer. In the Northern Hemisphere, the longest day City of Pasadena SCH. No. 2013071018

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and shortest night of the year occur on this date, marking the beginning of summer. Measuring shadow lengths for the winter and summer solstices represents the extremes of the shadow patterns that occur throughout the year. Shadows cast on the summer solstice are the shortest shadows during the year, becoming progressively longer until the winter solstice when the shadows are the longest during the year. Sunset during the winter solstice occurs at approximately 4:48 P.M., while sunset during the summer solstice occurs at approximately 8:08 P.M.

(2) Fall and Spring Equinox At the time of the fall equinox, near September 21, and the spring equinox, near March 21, night and day are nearly the same length and the sun crosses the celestial equator moving southward (in the northern hemisphere). The fall equinox marks the first day of the season of fall and the spring equinox marks the first day of the season of spring. During the autumn and spring equinoxes, sunset occurs at approximately 7:05 P.M.

2. Environmental Setting a. Regulatory Framework (1) Light and Glare (a) Pasadena Municipal Code Lighting, such as streetlights and illuminated signs, is regulated by the Pasadena Municipal Code (“PMC”). Applicable regulations for the Project Site include the following: 

Section 17.40.080 regulates glare and outdoor lighting. Specifically, all lighting shall be energy-efficient, and shielded or recessed so that direct glare and reflections are confined to the maximum extent feasible within the boundaries of the site, and shall be directed downward or onto specific doors and entryways of buildings for security purposes and away from surrounding properties and public rights-of-way. No lights shall blink, flash, or be of high intensity or brightness. No permanently installed lighting shall blink, flash, or be of unusually high intensity or brightness, as determined by the Zoning Administrator. Lighting shall be appropriate in scale, intensity, and height. All lighting fixtures shall be appropriate in scale, intensity, and height to the use they are serving.

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Section 17.48.100, General Provisions for On-Premise Signs, regulates the appearance and lighting of commercial signs, requiring, among other provisions, that the artificial illumination of signs, either from an internal or external source,

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be designed to eliminate negative impacts on surrounding rights-of-way and properties. 

Section 17.48.110.D, Neon Signs and Architectural Lighting, limits the use of lighting for architectural accent.

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Section 17.61.030, requires new lighting fixtures, as well as exterior finish, colors, and materials to be closely evaluated through the design review process, which further ensures that project lighting would be sensitive to, and compatible with the surrounding community. This regulatory procedure provides the City with an opportunity to incorporate additional conditions to improve the project building materials and lighting fixtures. (b) Central District Specific Plan

The Project is located within the Central District, which is subject to the guidelines set forth in the Central District Specific Plan (CDSP). The CDSP is a resource which contains standards and guidelines used by the City to implement the goals and policies of the General Plan. The CDSP contains standards and guidelines pertaining to light and glare in pedestrian areas, parking garages, and on building façades. The proposed Project would be subject to the following CDSP guidelines: 

Guideline SE 6.1, Include Pedestrian-Scaled Lights, Incorporate pedestrian scaled fixtures that emit a warm light along streets and sidewalks; sidewalks should be well-lit.

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Guideline SE 6.2, Include Pedestrian-Scaled Lights, Direct lighting along sidewalks and pedestrian walks to produce minimal glare.

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Guideline SP 4.7, Create Comfortable Outdoor Rooms, Design outdoor space with safety in mind; on-site public plazas should promote visibility from the street, and provide architecturally compatible lighting to enhance nighttime security.

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Guideline SP 6.6, Control Vehicular Access and Parking, Direct parking lot lighting away from adjacent properties, and use pedestrian-scaled fixtures that emit a warm light.

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Guideline BD 9.3, Require Compatible Parking Structures, Provide architectural screens and/or a rhythm of window-like punched openings arranged so as to articulate the façade, hide parked vehicles, and shield lighting.

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Guideline UR 5.5, Compose Attractive Residential Façades, Use clear or lightly tinted window glazing, and discourage the use of simulated muntins in favor of structural muntins (i.e. true-divided lights); exceptions may be considered provided they are architecturally integrated and support a high-quality design. Reference the Design Guidelines for Windows in Multi-unit Residential Projects found in the Citywide Design Principles & Criteria.

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(2) Shading There are no regulations concerning shading at the local, regional, or Statewide levels.

b. Existing Light and Glare Environment The Project Site is in a highly urbanized area located adjacent to the Old Pasadena Historic District, immediately south of Interstate 210 (I-210), three blocks west of City Hall, and three blocks north of the commercial uses on Colorado Boulevard. Existing nighttime light sources within the area surrounding the Project Site consist of pole-mounted streetlights for visibility and safety purposes, parking lighting, illuminated building signs, light spillage from buildings, architectural lighting on building façades and in landscaped areas, and lighting from vehicle headlights and traffic. Typical of this urban context, existing ambient lighting levels in the Project vicinity are considered medium to high. Existing nighttime lighting sources within the Project Site include interior lighting from the existing structures, low-level security lighting fixtures that illuminate the surface parking areas, exterior lighting on building façades, including the “Parsons” sign near the top of the 12-story tower located in the North Development Area, and lighting from vehicle headlights. The on-site light sources generally result in low to medium ambient nighttime light levels within the Project Site, depending on the time of night and the number of vehicles utilizing the parking lot. Daytime glare is generally associated with reflected sunlight from buildings with highly reflective surfaces. Activities that would be sensitive to daytime glare from reflected sunlight include motorists traveling on the adjacent roadways and people working in adjacent buildings. Glare in the Project vicinity is periodically generated by reflective materials on the doors and windows of the surrounding commercial buildings and glare from vehicles passing along the surrounding streets. The primary sources of glare generated from within the Project Site are the windshields of moving and parked vehicles in the surface parking lots. Depending on the angle of the sun, the glass doors and glass windows from the existing on-site buildings also produce daytime glare. Minimal lighting is produced by the above-ground parking garages south of Holly Street. In the immediate vicinity of the Project Site, the nearest off-site receptor that could be considered sensitive relative to artificial or nighttime light and glare is the Marriott Courtyard Hotel on Fair Oaks Avenue, east of the Project Site. The Marriott Courtyard Hotel has a direct view of the Project Site. In addition, St. Andrew Church and Memorial Park were also initially considered as analysis locations, but due to their distance from the Project Site and the presence of intervening existing development, it was determined that City of Pasadena SCH. No. 2013071018

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further analysis of these two locations would not be required as these two locations would not be adversely affected by artificial light and glare conditions occurring at the Project Site. As mentioned above, the Project Site is located adjacent to the Old Pasadena Historic District and near the Pasadena Civic Center. The Old Pasadena Historic District contains a number of historically designated buildings and is also a commercial center that contains mixed-use, infill development, and pedestrian-friendly streetscapes that define the area. Typically, illumination in this area is comprised of pedestrian scaled fixtures that emit a warm light along the streets and sidewalks. While not considered a sensitive receptor, development surrounding the Historic District should be cognizant of the uses and ambient lighting found within the District.

c. Existing Shadow Environment The Project Site is split into two areas: the North Development Area, north of Holly Street, and the South Area, south of Holly Street. The North Development Area is currently developed with a 12-story office building (193 feet) and three 4-story pods that connect to the 12-story tower. These buildings are surrounded by surface parking lots. Given the height of the 12-story tower, shadows on off-site uses are generated during certain times of the year. In the winter, spring and fall, shadows are cast to the west on Pasadena Avenue and the freeway right-of-way in the early morning, on the on-site pedestrian plaza and the sidewalks of Walnut Street to the north, and on Fair Oaks Avenue and the land uses to the east, including the Marriott Courtyard Hotel. Shadows from the 12-story tower are more prominent on the land uses to the east during evenings in the spring and fall. Summer shadows are less prominent and, since the buildings are surrounded by surface parking lots, the majority of the shadows cast do not extend beyond the boundaries of the Project Site. The South Area is currently developed with two 8-story buildings that are 116 feet in height, each with an above grade parking structure. Similar to the North Development Area, the structures in the South Area cast shadows to the west on Pasadena Avenue in the morning hours, to the north onto Holly Street and an on-site pedestrian walkway during the afternoon, and to the east on Fair Oaks Avenue in the evenings of the winter, spring, and fall seasons. Summer shadows are less prominent and generally do not extend beyond the boundaries of the Project Site. The surrounding land uses are typical of those found within a developed urban area. Across Walnut Street to the north of the Project Site are a freestanding office building, freestanding restaurant, surface parking lot, and vacant land, a portion of which has been approved for a Marriott Residence Inn Hotel, with the balance being proposed for residential use. The block to the northeast of the Project Site consists of commercial uses City of Pasadena SCH. No. 2013071018

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on the southern portion of the block fronting Fair Oaks Avenue and Walnut Street and St. Andrew School on the north portion of the block fronting Chestnut Street. To the east of the Project Site across Fair Oaks Avenue are a gas station, Marriott Courtyard Hotel, and various commercial uses. Memorial Park is located one block east of these uses on Raymond Avenue, between Walnut Street and Holly Street. The block to the southeast of the Project Site consists of various commercial uses. Interstate 210 and the freeway rightof-way are located immediately west of the Project Site across Pasadena Avenue. As identified in Figure IV.D-1 on page IV.D-8, shade-sensitive uses in the area of potential impact that are considered in this analysis include: 

Sensitive Receptor 1: The St. Andrew School located on the block northeast of the Project Site at the corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Chestnut Street. This receptor includes two paved recreation areas;

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Sensitive Receptor 2: The Marriott Courtyard Hotel pool and courtyard located midblock along Fair Oaks Avenue between Walnut Street and Holly Street directly east of the Project Site. The pool and courtyard are located east of the hotel structure; and

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Sensitive Receptor 3: Memorial Park located approximately one-tenth of a mile to the east of the Project Site on Raymond Avenue between Walnut Street and Holly Street.

3. Environmental Impacts a. Methodology (1) Light and Glare The analysis of light and glare identifies the location of light-sensitive land uses and describes the existing ambient conditions on the Project Site and in the project vicinity. The analysis describes the Project’s proposed light and glare sources, and the extent that Project lighting, including illuminated signage, would spill off the Project Site onto adjacent light-sensitive areas. The analysis also describes the affected street frontages, the direction in which the light would be focused, and the extent to which the proposed Project would illuminate sensitive land uses. The analysis also considers the potential for sunlight to reflect off of building surfaces (glare) and the extent to which such glare would interfere with the operation of motor vehicles or other activities.

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Corson St. I-210 St. Andrew Church Vacant Land (Approved Residence Inn Proposed Residential Project)

Chestnut St. St. Andrew School

Restaurant Office

Commercial Walnut St.

Gas Station Memorial Park Hotel I-210

Project Site North Development Area

Project Site Existing Development

Fair Oaks Ave.

N

Project Site Existing Development

Leonard Pieroni Dr.

Project Site Boundary

Pasadena Ave.

Commercial

Holly St.

Commercial

Union St.

Figure IV.D-1 Surrounding Land Uses

Source: Google Earth Pro, 2013.

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(2) Shading In determining the effects of shading, the locations of shadow-sensitive uses in the surrounding area are identified in Figure IV.D-1 on page IV.D-8. The shadow model assumes a maximum building height of 75 feet in the northern portion of the site (Development Area B and northern portion of Development Area C) and 60 feet in the southern portion of the site (Development Area A and the southern portion of Development Area C), as illustrated in Figure III-6 in Section III, Project Description, of this Draft EIR. The shadow model also assumes varying setbacks from zero to 10 feet, as shown in Table III-4, in Section III, Project Description, of this Draft EIR. While the threshold below uses a range of months, shadows are modeled and plotted for representative hours during the winter solstice, summer solstice, fall equinox, and spring equinox. Specifically, shadow lengths are plotted between 9:00 A.M. and 3:00 P.M. on the winter solstice and between the hours of 9:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. during the summer solstice, spring equinox, and fall equinoxes. Shading patterns are modeled for each hour during those periods. The varying and seasonally adjusted daytime hours represent the period of the day in which the expectation of available sunlight exists. For the purpose of establishing the hours in which significant impacts occur, winter is described as occurring during Pacific Standard Time, which occurs between the first Sunday of November through the second Sunday in March; and spring, summer, and fall are described as occurring during Pacific Daylight Time, which occurs between the second Sunday in March and the first Sunday of November. Routinely useable outdoors spaces associated with residential, cultural, recreational or institutional (e.g., schools, convalescent homes) uses, outdoor spaces and areas of commercial uses, nurseries, as well as solar collectors and areas where sunlight may be important to physical comfort or function, are considered shadow sensitive uses. At this time, the proposed Project does not have a specific site plan. Instead, the proposed Project is defined in terms of the development standards section forth in Section III, Project Description, of this Draft EIR. These documents allow the Project Site to be developed with flexibility according to future market conditions and other factors. Included in the development standards are a set of height limits and building setbacks where buildings can be located on the Project Site. In order to show the extent of every shadow that could potentially be cast from the Proposed Project, the shadow analysis assumes that all area available for building development on the Project Site is built to the maximum height allowable. By doing so, the shadows shown in the analysis will be applicable for any combination of development that is allowable by the City of Pasadena’s Design Guidelines, Central District Specific Plan, and Citywide Zoning Code and the proposed Project’s development standards. City of Pasadena SCH. No. 2013071018

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b. Thresholds of Significance (1) Light and Glare The proposed Project may have a significant impact related to light and glare if it would: 

Create a new source of substantial light and glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area.

(2) Shading The proposed Project may have a significant impact on shadow-sensitive uses if it would: 

Shade shadow-sensitive uses would be shaded by project-related structures for more than three hours between the hours of 9:00 A.M. and 3:00 P.M. Pacific Standard Time (between early November and early March), or for more than four hours between the hours of 9:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. Pacific Daylight Time (between early March and early November).

As noted in the discussion of methodology, while the thresholds use a range of months, the analyses presented below are provided during the equinoxes and solstices, which represent the times of maximum potential impact during each of the four seasons of the year.

c. Regulatory Compliance Measures and Project Design Features (1) Regulatory Compliance Measures The proposed Project would comply with all applicable regulatory standards. Implementation of the following Regulatory Compliance Measures, as currently required and/or as may be amended in the future, are intended to reduce impacts related to lighting: 

Regulatory Compliance Measure D-1: All lighting is required to be energyefficient, and shielded or recessed so that direct glare and reflections are confined to the maximum extent feasible within the boundaries of the site, and shall be directed downward or onto specific doors and entryways of buildings for security purposes and away from surrounding properties and public rights-ofway.

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Regulatory Compliance Measure D-2: No permanently installed lighting is permitted to blink, flash, or be of unusually high intensity or brightness, as determined by the Zoning Administrator.

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Regulatory Compliance Measure D-3: All lighting fixtures must appropriate in scale, intensity, and height to the use they are serving.

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Regulatory Compliance Measure D-4: The artificial illumination of signs, either from an internal or external source, must be designed to eliminate negative impacts on surrounding rights-of-way and properties.

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Regulatory Compliance Measure D-5: The use of neon tubes for signs or architectural elements are allowed in commercial zoning districts only as set forth in PMC Section 17.48.110.D.

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Regulatory Compliance Measure D-6: New lighting fixtures, as well as exterior finish, colors, and materials will be closely evaluated through the design review process, to further ensure that project lighting would be sensitive to, and compatible with the surrounding community. This regulatory procedure provides the City with an opportunity to incorporate additional conditions to improve the project building materials and lighting fixtures.

be

(2) Project Design Features The Project’s proposed design incorporates the following four types of lighting sources that would be located within the Project Site: (1) site lighting; (2) building lighting; (3) street lights; and (4) special lighting. Site lighting would be found throughout the Project Site, particularly along the proposed paseos and would assist in wayfinding while also addressing on-site safety and security. These light sources would be low intensity in nature. Building lighting, which would also be low-intensity in nature, would be used for building identification and to create building accents. Also included in this category of lighting is lighting associated with the Project’s proposed signage which would be characterized as having a low to medium intensity, with the light intensity of the signage being regulated through the Project’s Master Sign Plan. The third category of on-site light sources is street lights. The design for the Project’s street lights would reflect the style, design, light quality, and color consistent with that which is currently found on the adjacent streets. The Project’s plan for street lights also includes establishing continuity along Holly Street and Leonard J. Pieroni Street to form a “T” pattern flowing into Holly Plaza, thereby providing connections to Old Pasadena in a manner consistent with the Bennett Plan. The last category of proposed light sources is special lighting. On-site areas where special lighting would be used are limited to Holly Plaza and Leonard J. Pieroni Street. Specifically, special thematic lighting may be incorporated into the design for Holly Plaza, and this lighting while not extending beyond the Project Site, may be visible beyond the Project boundaries along Holly Street and De Lacey Avenue. Along Leonard J. Pieroni Street itself, special lighting consisting of low intensity thematic lighting in the form of light City of Pasadena SCH. No. 2013071018

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strings across the street may occur as a means of enhancing the pedestrian experience along this proposed pedestrian pathway connecting the Project Site to Old Pasadena. The following Project Design Features are proposed with regard to light and glare: Project Design Feature D-1: Light sources associated with Project construction would be shielded and/or aimed so that no direct beam illumination is provided outside of the Project Site boundary. However, construction lighting would not be so limited as to compromise the safety of construction workers. Project Design Feature D-2: Glass used in building façades would be antireflective or treated with an anti-reflective coating in order to minimize glare. Project Design Feature D-3: Outdoor lighting would be designed and installed with shielding and directed towards the interior of the Project Site so that the light source does not project directly upon any adjacent property. Project Design Feature D-4: The use of spotlights, flood lights, klieg lights, or similar high intensity light source for outdoor lighting at the Project Site would be prohibited.

d. Project Impacts (1) Light and Glare Impacts (a) Construction Impacts Construction activities associated with Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the proposed Project would involve the use of various lighting sources which have the potential to spillover to off-site sensitive land uses in the Project vicinity. Sensitive land uses, such as the Marriott Courtyard Hotel immediately to the east, could be exposed to potential light sources from the Project Site. However, construction activities at the Project Site would be subject to the provisions of the PMC Section 9.36.070, which limits the hours of construction to between 7:00 A.M. and 7:00 P.M. Monday through Friday and between 8:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. on Saturday, with no construction permitted on Sundays. Accordingly, construction would primarily occur during daylight hours and construction light sources would be used as needed in the evening hours. Construction-related illumination during nighttime hours would also be provided on the Project Site for safety and security purposes. However, this lighting, as well as any other nighttime lighting that may be used during Project construction, would be shielded and/or aimed so that no direct beam spills over outside of the Project Site boundary, as described in Project Design Feature D-1, above. As such, City of Pasadena SCH. No. 2013071018

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impacts to off-site sensitive uses from lighting sources associated with Phase 1 and Phase 2 construction activities would be considered less than significant. Daytime glare associated with Phase 1 and Phase 2 construction activities could potentially occur if reflective construction materials were positioned in highly visible locations where the reflection of sunlight could occur. However, it is unlikely that this would occur given the fact that large, flat surfaces, like those needed to generate glare, are typically not associated with construction activities. Moreover, any glare produced during construction activities would be highly transitory and short-term, given the movement of construction equipment and materials within the construction site and the temporary nature of construction activities. The potential for nighttime glare is considered negligible given the fact that construction would occur mainly during the daytime hours, as noted above, and that lighting during the nighttime hours would be for safety and security purposes and, as such, would be shielded and/or aimed so that no direct beam spills over outside of the Project Site boundary. Furthermore, the proposed Project would implement Project Design Feature D-1, above, which requires the shielding of construction related light sources. Therefore, impacts to off-site sensitive uses from daytime and nighttime glare during Phase 1 and Phase 2 would be considered less than significant. As described above, construction-related impacts related to light and glare would not significantly impact off-site sensitive uses. Nonetheless, the proposed Project would implement Project Design Feature D-1, above, which would require construction related light sources to be shielded and/or aimed so that no direct beam illumination is provided outside of the Project Site boundary. As such, any potential impacts from light and glare during Phase 1 and Phase 2 construction to off-site sensitive uses would be considered less than significant. (b) Operational Impacts The northern portion of the Project Site is currently developed with a 12-story tower, three 4-story pods that connect to the tower, and surface parking lots that surround the structures. Development of the proposed Project would take place in the area that is currently serving as the surface parking lots. The proposed Project would include the development of commercial and residential uses, both of which would increase the number of vehicle trips to and from the Project Site. Accordingly, the Project would increase the light and glare levels emanating from the Project Site. New sources of artificial lighting that would be introduced by the Project would include: site lighting along walkways and landscaping, and safety and security lighting; interior and exterior building lighting and signage lighting; street lighting; and special lighting along Holly Plaza, Holly Street, and Leonard J. Pieroni Street. The Project would not include electronic signage or signs with flashing, mechanical, or strobe lights. New sources of glare would include building surfaces, such as glass doors or windows, and Project-related vehicles. City of Pasadena SCH. No. 2013071018

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Site lighting would be found throughout the Project Site and would assist in wayfinding, while also addressing on-site safety and security. Light sources within the Project Site would include lighting along walkways, landscaped areas, and safety and security lighting. Site lighting has the potential to spillover to off-site sensitive land uses in the Project vicinity; however, lighting would be low intensity and directed towards the interior of the Project Site to avoid light such spillover. In addition, Project lighting sources would be similar to other lighting sources in the Project vicinity and would not generate artificial light levels that are out of character with the surrounding area. Furthermore, lighting on the Project Site would be subject to Regulatory Compliance Measures D-1 and D-4, which regulate glare and outdoor lighting and requires evaluation of lighting sources during design review of the Project, respectively, and Project Design Features D-1, D-3, and D-4, which deal with the design of lighting sources on the Project Site. In addition, Project development would also result in the removal of all lighting associated with the existing on-site parking uses and the new lighting sources on the Project Site would be integrated into a mixed-use environment that would implement the Regulatory Compliance Measures and Project Design Features to create a lighting environment that complements the existing conditions found in the surrounding area. Thus, compliance with these measures would reduce any impacts from site lighting on off-site sensitive uses. Building lighting would be used for building identification and to create building accents. This would also include lighting associated with the Project’s proposed signage, interior lighting visible through the windows of the residential units and the ground-floor lobby, and interior lighting visible from commercial uses. In general, building lighting used on the Project Site would be low intensity in nature and proposed signage would be characterized as having a low to medium intensity, with the light intensity of the signage being regulated through the Project’s Master Sign Plan. Furthermore, as noted above, the proposed Project would not include electronic signage or signs with flashing, mechanical, or strobe lights and would be required to comply with Regulatory Compliance Measures D-1 through D-6, which regulate lighting for on-site buildings and signage, as well as requiring the evaluation of on-site lighting sources during design review of Phase 1 and Phase 2 development which would also be the means by which consistency with the lighting design guidelines set forth in the City’s Central District Specific Plan would be achieved. Lighting would also be required to implement Project Design Features D-1, D-3, and D-4, which guide the design of light sources occurring within the Project Site. Compliance with these measures would reduce any impacts associated with building lighting, including signage, on off-site sensitive uses. Therefore, impacts from building and signage lighting associated with Phase 1 and Phase 2 development as well as at Project buildout would be less than significant. The design for the Project’s street lights would reflect the style, design, light quality, and color consistent with that which is currently found on the adjacent streets. The City of Pasadena SCH. No. 2013071018

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IV.D Light, Glare, and Shading

Project’s plan for street lights would establish continuity along Holly Street and Leonard J. Pieroni Street to form a “T” pattern flowing into Holly Plaza, thereby providing connections to Old Pasadena. Additionally, the design of the street lights would be required to be evaluated during design review of the Project, as specified by Regulatory Compliance Measure D-4. As such, there would be less-than-significant impacts associated with the Project’s street lighting that is installed in as part of Phase 1 and Phase 2 development. On-site areas where special lighting would be used are limited to Holly Plaza and Leonard J. Pieroni Street. As described above, special thematic lighting may be incorporated into the design for Holly Plaza, and that this lighting while not extending beyond the Project Site, may be visible beyond the Project boundaries along Holly Street and De Lacey Avenue. Along Leonard J. Pieroni Street itself, special lighting consisting of low intensity thematic lighting in the form of light strings across the street may occur as a means of enhancing the pedestrian experience along this proposed pedestrian pathway connecting the Project Site to Old Pasadena. As stated above, all proposed on-site lighting would be subject to regulatory compliance measures and project design features as well as being an important consideration during the City’s design review process for Phase 1 and Phase 2 development during which Project consistency with the applicable lighting design guidelines set forth in the City’s Central District Specific Plan would be confirmed. Compliance with these measures would reduce any impacts associated with special lighting in and around the Project Site. Therefore, special lighting associated with Phase 1 and Phase 2 development, as well as at Project buildout, would not result in significant impacts to off-site sensitive uses. As described above the Project would include new sources of glare, including building surfaces and Project-related vehicles. The Project would be designed in a contemporary architectural style and would feature various surface materials. At this time it is not known the exact nature of the building materials that would be used for the proposed Project; however, typical building materials include terra cotta, stucco, aluminum, glass, tile, and metal. Of those materials, highly reflective glass and metal have the greatest potential to generate glare by the reflection of sunlight or artificial light on these surfaces. As such, the Project would use non-reflective glass or glass that has been treated with a non-reflective coating in all exterior windows and building surfaces to reduce potential glare from reflected sunlight. Additionally, any metal building surfaces used as a building material would be used as accent materials, such as metal awnings and aluminum storefronts, and would not cover expansive spaces. Furthermore, the selection of building materials for the proposed Project would be subject to the Project Design Feature C.2-2, which requires the use of non-reflective glass, and Regulatory Compliance Measure C.2-4, which would require evaluation of building materials during the design review process. Adherence to these measures would ensure that building materials would not have the potential to produce a substantial degree of glare. City of Pasadena SCH. No. 2013071018

100 W. Walnut Planned Development June 2014 Page IV.D-15

WORKING DRAFT – Not for Public Review

IV.D Light, Glare, and Shading

In addition to building materials, Project-related vehicles also have the potential to produce glare when exposed to sun. Under existing conditions there are surface parking lots which contain vehicles that have the potential to produce glare. However, parking structures associated with the proposed Project would be subterranean, which would eliminate the reflection potential from parked cars as viewed from surrounding areas and roadways during the day and night, and would substantially reduce lighting levels from vehicle headlights during the night. Furthermore, it should be noted that the proposed Project is anticipated to include landscaping throughout the Project Site. Certain types of landscaping, such as trees and large shrubbery, would serve to limit on-site light sources and reduce potential glare from reflected sunlight and from vehicle headlights during the night. Thus, impacts would be reduced further with the installation of certain types of landscaping at the Project Site. Based on the above, with the implementation of the Regulatory Compliance Measures and Project Design Features, lighting and glare associated with Project operation would not substantially alter the character of off-site areas surrounding the Project Site. Therefore, impacts from Project-related sources of artificial light and glare during Project operations during both Phase 1 and Phase 2 as well as at Project buildout would be less than significant.

(2) Shading Impacts As discussed in Chapter III, Project Description, of this Draft EIR, the Project Site would be developed with 620,000 sf of office uses, 10,000 sf of restaurant uses, and 475 residential units in the North Development Area. Development of the proposed Project would take place in the existing surface parking lots surrounding the 12-story Parsons tower and pod buildings. As shown in Figure III-6 in Section III, Project Description, of this Draft EIR, Development Area A and the southern part of Development Area C would be constructed to a height of 60 feet or less. Additionally, Development Area B and the northern portion of Development Area C would be constructed up to a height of 75 feet. Building setbacks would vary, but would generally be zero to 10 feet, as shown in Table III-4 in Section III, Project Description, of this Draft EIR. Development of the proposed Project would generate new shading with varied lengths and angles depending on the time of day and season. As discussed above, a significant shading impact would occur if the Project would shade off-site shade-sensitive uses for more than three hours between 9:00 A.M. and 3:00 P.M. Pacific Standard Time (between early November and early March) or for more than four hours between 9:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. Pacific Daylight Time (between early March and early November).

City of Pasadena SCH. No. 2013071018

100 W. Walnut Planned Development June 2014 Page IV.D-16

WORKING DRAFT – Not for Public Review

IV.D Light, Glare, and Shading

(a) Winter Solstice Shading impacts are typically greatest during the winter months due to the sun’s low position in the sky. As shown in Figure IV.D-2 and Figure IV.D-3 on pages IV.D-18 and IV.D-19, Project shading during the winter would extend west across Pasadena Avenue in the morning, northwest and north across Walnut Street from mid-morning to mid-afternoon, and northeast and east across Fair Oaks Avenue in the late afternoon. Sidewalks and landscaping adjacent to Pasadena Avenue, Walnut Street, and Fair Oaks would also be shaded during this time. Land uses north of Walnut Street that would be shaded for the majority of the day include: office uses; a restaurant; and a vacant parcel of land. Additionally, an office building, gas station, and the Marriott Courtyard Hotel east of Fair Oaks Avenue would be shaded from approximately 3:00 P.M. until sunset at approximately 4:48 P.M. It should be noted that only the southern portion of the properties on Walnut Street and the eastern façades of the properties on Fair Oaks Avenue would be cast into shadow and the courtyard and swimming pool portion of the hotel would not be shaded. Furthermore, the land uses that would be shaded during this period are not classified as shade-sensitive uses. Therefore, given that the proposed Project would not shade sensitive uses for more than three hours during the winter solstice, impacts related to shading would be considered less than significant. (b) Spring Equinox As shown in Figure IV.D-4 through Figure IV.D-6 on pages IV.D-20 through IV.D-22, Project shadows during the spring equinox would extend west and north shading Pasadena Avenue and the sidewalks along Walnut Street in the morning. Portions of the shadows would extend past Pasadena Avenue onto the landscaped areas within the freeway rightof-way, which is not accessible to the public. Shading would continue to extend north to shade the sidewalks and a portion of the pavement along Walnut Street throughout the afternoon. By late afternoon the shadows would extend east across Fair Oaks Avenue, with the greatest shading impacts around 5:00 P.M. The only land uses that would be shaded are the uses east of Fair Oaks Avenue, after the hour of 3:00 P.M. As noted above, these land uses include a gas station and the Marriott Courtyard Hotel. Sensitive Receptor 2, the pool and courtyard to the east of the hotel structure, would be shaded starting at 4:30 P.M. and covered entirely by 5:00 P.M. However, it should be noted that the shading over Sensitive Receptor 2 is being cast by the existing 12-story structure as shown in Figure IV.D-6. Thus, the pool area would be shaded even without development of the proposed Project. Given the existing shadows, impacts to shade-sensitive uses from development of the proposed Project during the spring equinox would be considered less than significant.

City of Pasadena SCH. No. 2013071018

100 W. Walnut Planned Development June 2014 Page IV.D-17

WORKING DRAFT – Not for Public Review

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Figure IV.D-2 Proposed Winter Solstice Shadows 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM Source: Google SketchUp, 2014.

Page IV.D-18

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Figure IV.D-3 Proposed Winter Solstice Shadows 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM Source: Google SketchUp, 2014.

Page IV.D-19

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Figure IV.D-4 Proposed Spring Equinox Shadows 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM Source: Google SketchUp, 2014.

Page IV.D-20

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Figure IV.D-5 Proposed Spring Equinox Shadows 1:00 PM - 4:00 PM Source: Google SketchUp, 2014.

Page IV.D-21

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Figure IV.D-6 Proposed Spring Equinox Shadows 5:00 PM Source: Google SktechUp, 2014.

Page IV.D-22

IV.D Light, Glare, and Shading

(c) Summer Solstice As illustrated in Figure IV.D-7 through Figure IV.D-9 on pages IV.D-24 through IV.D-26, summer shadows from the Project Site would cause limited shading to the west on Pasadena Avenue in the morning and on the façades of the land uses to the east of Fair Oaks Avenue in the afternoon. Shading would occur after 5:00 P.M. on the land uses to the east of Fair Oaks Avenue. As discussed a significant shading impact would occur if the Project would shade off-site shadow-sensitive uses for more than four hours between the hours of 9:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M., between early March and Early November. Given that shadow impacts would not occur until after 5:00 P.M. on the east side of Fair Oaks Avenue and would not last more than four hours, shading generated by the proposed Project during the summer solstice would be considered less than significant. (d) Fall Equinox Shading during the fall equinox is similar to the shading during the spring equinox. As shown in Figure IV.D-10 through Figure IV.D-12, pages IV.D-27 through IV.D-29, Project shading during the fall equinox would extend west and north shading Pasadena Avenue and the sidewalks along Walnut Street in the morning. Portions of the shading would extend past Pasadena Avenue onto the landscaped areas within the freeway rightof-way around 9:00 A.M. Shading would continue to extend north to shade the sidewalks and a portion of the pavement along Walnut Street throughout the afternoon. By late afternoon the shading would extend east across Fair Oaks Avenue, with the greatest shadow impacts around 5:00 P.M. The only land uses that would be shaded are the uses east of Fair Oaks Avenue, after the hour of 3:00 P.M. As noted above these land uses include a gas station and the Marriott Courtyard Hotel. Sensitive Receptor 2, the pool and courtyard to the east of the hotel structure, and portions of Sensitive Receptor 3, Memorial Park, would be shaded by 5:00 P.M. Furthermore, as noted above, the existing 12-story structure on the Project Site is the cause of the shading on these Sensitive Receptors, as shown in Figure IV.D-12. Thus, the pool area and portions of Memorial Park would be shaded during the fall equinox even without development of the proposed Project. Furthermore, these Sensitive Receptors would not be shaded for more than four hours. Therefore, impacts to shade-sensitive uses during the fall equinox would be considered less than significant.

4. Cumulative Impacts Cumulative impacts occur when impacts from a proposed project combine with similar impacts from other past, present, or reasonably foreseeable projects in a similar geographic area. As indicated in Section II, Environmental Setting, of this Draft EIR, 55 related projects have been identified within the Project study area. Collectively, cumulative projects near the Project Site comprise a variety of residential (apartments, City of Pasadena SCH. No. 2013071018

100 W. Walnut Planned Development June 2014 Page IV.D-23

WORKING DRAFT – Not for Public Review

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Figure IV.D-7 Proposed Summer Solstice Shadows 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM Source: Google SketchUp, 2014.

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Figure IV.D-8 Proposed Summer Solstice Shadows 1:00 PM - 4:00 PM Source: Google SketchUp, 2014.

Page IV.D-25

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Figure IV.D-9 Proposed Summer Solstice Shadows 5:00 PM Source: Google SktechUp, 2014.

Page IV.D-26

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Figure IV.D-10 Proposed Fall Equinox Shadows 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM Source: Google SketchUp, 2014.

Page IV.D-27

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Figure IV.D-11 Proposed Fall Equinox Shadows 1:00 PM - 4:00 PM Source: Google SketchUp, 2014.

Page IV.D-28

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Figure IV.D-12 Proposed Fall Equinox Shadows 5:00 PM Source: Google SktechUp, 2014.

Page IV.D-29

IV.D Light, Glare, and Shading

condominiums, etc.), office, hotel, retail, restaurant, and entertainment uses, consistent with existing uses in the area. Related Project No. 19 would be located directly north of the Project Site and has the potential to create cumulative lighting, glare, and shading impacts in combination with the proposed Project. No other related projects have the potential to result in a cumulative light, glare, and shading impacts given their distances from the Project Site. Related Project No. 19 would be developed on the currently vacant lots directly north of the Project Site on Walnut Street with a Marriott Residence Inn.

(1) Light and Glare It is anticipated that construction activities associated with Related Project No. 19 would occur between the hours of 7:00 A.M. and 7:00 P.M. Monday through Friday, 8:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. on Saturday, and not at all on Sunday, in accordance with PMC Section 9.36.070. Given that the timeline of construction activities for Related Project No. 19 is unknown, there is a potential that this related project would be under construction as the same time as the proposed Project. As a result, there is a potential for nighttime light and glare from the proposed Project to combine with light and glare from Related Project No. 19 and result in a cumulative impact at nearby sensitive receptors. However, to the extent that concurrent construction does occur, it would primarily occur during the day and would comply with the specified PMC requirements for construction activities. Therefore, the potential for cumulative nighttime light and glare impacts would be less than significant. With regard to daytime glare, as with the Project, any glare associated with construction of Related Project No. 19 would be highly transitory and short-term, given the movement of construction equipment and materials within the construction area and the temporary nature of construction activities. In addition, large, flat surfaces that are generally required to generate substantial glare are typically not an element of construction activities. Therefore, cumulative daytime glare impacts during construction would also be less than significant. The proposed Project, combined with development of Related Project No. 19, would increase ambient light levels in the Project area and would cumulatively introduce new or expanded sources of artificial light. However, as previously described, the existing ambient lighting levels in the Project vicinity are considered medium to high and, as such, the Project and related project would not significantly alter the existing lighting environmental currently experienced in the area. Additionally, as described above, the proposed Project would be subject to applicable lighting guidelines and the City’s design review process, which would control the Project’s potential artificial light sources to a sufficient degree so as not to be considered cumulatively considerable. Related projects would be subject to the same guidelines and review process to ensure that potential artificial light sources would not significantly alter the light environment and result in cumulative impacts. With regard to glare, both the proposed Project and related projects would be subject to design review to ensure that significant sources of glare are not introduced. As such, adherence to these City of Pasadena SCH. No. 2013071018

100 W. Walnut Planned Development June 2014 Page IV.D-30

WORKING DRAFT – Not for Public Review

IV.D Light, Glare, and Shading

measures would ensure that building materials would not have the potential to produce a substantial degree of glare. Therefore, cumulative light and glare impacts from development of the Project and the related projects would be less than significant.

(2) Shading As noted above, Related Project No. 19 would be located directly north of the Project site and have the potential to create cumulative shading impacts in combination with the proposed Project. Since shadows move in a northwesterly to northeasterly direction, shading from the related projects would extend northwest toward Sensitive Receptor 1, St. Andrew School, which is located on the northern portion of the block surrounded by Fair Oaks Avenue, Chestnut Street, Raymond Avenue, and Walnut Street. The shading by Related Project No. 19 would extend to shade portions of Sensitive Receptor 1 during the late afternoon hours on the winter solstice, spring equinox, and fall equinox. However, as shown in Figure IV.D-2 through Figure IV.D-12, the shadows cast by the proposed Project would not extend to shade this receptor and, thus, there would not be a combined impact from the proposed Project and related projects to shade-sensitive uses. Therefore, cumulative shading impacts would be less than significant.

5. Mitigation Measures As the proposed Project is not anticipated to result in any significant impacts related to light, glare, or shading, no mitigation measures would be required.

6. Level of Significance After Mitigation Project and cumulative impacts related to light, glare, and shading during Phase 1 and Phase 2 development as well as at Project buildout would be less than significant.

City of Pasadena SCH. No. 2013071018

100 W. Walnut Planned Development June 2014 Page IV.D-31

WORKING DRAFT – Not for Public Review