ISSN 1313 - 8820 (print) ISSN 1314 - 412X (online) Volume 8, Number 4 December 2016

2016

Editor-in-Chief Georgi Petkov Faculty of Agriculture Trakia University, Stara Zagora Bulgaria Co-Editor-in-Chief Dimitar Panayotov Faculty of Agriculture Trakia University, Stara Zagora Bulgaria Editors and Sections Genetics and Breeding Tsanko Yablanski (Bulgaria) Atanas Atanasov (Bulgaria) Nikolay Tsenov (Bulgaria) Max Rothschild (USA) Ihsan Soysal (Turkey) Horia Grosu (Romania) Bojin Bojinov (Bulgaria) Stoicho Metodiev (Bulgaria) Svetlana Georgieva (Bulgaria) Nutrition and Physiology Nikolai Todorov (Bulgaria) Peter Surai (UK) Zervas Georgios (Greece) Ivan Varlyakov (Bulgaria) Production Systems Radoslav Slavov (Bulgaria) Dimitar Pavlov (Bulgaria) Bogdan Szostak (Poland) Banko Banev (Bulgaria) Georgy Zhelyazkov (Bulgaria) Agriculture and Environment Ramesh Kanwar (USA) Martin Banov (Bulgaria) Peter Cornish (Australia) Product Quality and Safety Marin Kabakchiev (Bulgaria) Stefan Denev (Bulgaria) Vasil Atanasov (Bulgaria) Roumiana Tsenkova (Japan) English Editor Yanka Ivanova (Bulgaria)

Scope and policy of the journal Agricultural Science and Technology /AST/ – an International Scientific Journal of Agricultural and Technology Sciences is published in English in one volume of 4 issues per year, as a printed journal and in electronic form. The policy of the journal is to publish original papers, reviews and short communications covering the aspects of agriculture related with life sciences and modern technologies. It will offer opportunities to address the global needs relating to food and environment, health, exploit the technology to provide innovative products and sustainable development. Papers will be considered in aspects of both fundamental and applied science in the areas of Genetics and Breeding, Nutrition and Physiology, Production Systems, Agriculture and Environment and Product Quality and Safety. Other categories closely related to the above topics could be considered by the editors. The detailed information of the journal is available at the website. Proceedings of scientific meetings and conference reports will be considered for special issues. Submission of Manuscripts All manuscripts written in English should be submitted as MS-Word file attachments via e-mail to [email protected]. Manuscripts must be prepared strictly in accordance with the detailed instructions for authors at the website www.agriscitech.eu and the instructions on the last page of the journal. For each manuscript the signatures of all authors are needed confirming their consent to publish it and to nominate on author for correspondence. They have to be presented by a submission letter signed by all authors. The form of the submission letter is available upon from request from the Technical Assistance or could be downloaded from the website of the journal. Manuscripts submitted to this journal are considered if they have submitted only to it, they have not been published already, nor are they under consideration for publication in press elsewhere. All manuscripts are subject to editorial review and the editors reserve the right to improve style and return the paper

for rewriting to the authors, if necessary. The editorial board reserves rights to reject manuscripts based on priorities and space availability in the journal. The journal is committed to respect high standards of ethics in the editing and reviewing process and malpractice statement. Commitments of authors related to authorship are also very important for a high standard of ethics and publishing. We follow closely the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), http://publicationethics.org/resources/guid elines The articles appearing in this journal are indexed and abstracted in: DOI, EBSCO Publishing Inc. and AGRIS (FAO). The journal is accepted to be indexed with the support of a project № BG051PO0013.3.05-0001 “Science and business” financed by Operational Programme “Human Resources Development” of EU. The title has been suggested to be included in SCOPUS (Elsevier) and Electronic Journals Submission Form (Thomson Reuters). Address of Editorial office: Agricultural Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University Student's campus, 6000 Stara Zagora Bulgaria Telephone.: +359 42 699330 +359 42 699446 www.agriscitech.eu Technical Assistance: Nely Tsvetanova Telephone.: +359 42 699446 E-mail: [email protected]

Volume 8, Number 4 December 2016

ISSN 1313 - 8820 (print) ISSN 1314 - 412X (online)

2016

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 8, No 4, pp 276 - 279, 2016 DOI: 10.15547/ast.2016.04.052

Genetics and Breeding

Productivity performance of bread winter wheat genotypes of local and foreign origin G. Raykov1*, P. Chamurliyski1, S. Doneva1, E. Penchev1, N. Tsenov2 1

Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute, 9520 General Toshevo, Bulgaria Agronom I Holding, 9300 Dobrich, Bulgaria

2

(Manuscript received 12 October 2015; accepted for publication 18 October 2016) Abstract. The proper choice of parental forms is the basis for developing superior varieties with valuable agronomic properties. A priority in modern breeding is increased productivity. The aim of this study was to establish the relative contribution of the yield traits to the productivity of common wheat accessions of different geographical origin. The trial was conducted during 2012 – 2014 at Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute, General Toshevo. The study included 118 varieties and lines originating from Europe, Asia and North America. The tested materials were grown in a randomized block design in three replications, the plot size being 7.5 m2. Six cultivars were used as standards: Aglika, Pobeda, Enola, Sadovo 1, Antonovka and Pryaspa. Number of grains per spike, number of grains per m2 and thousand kernel weight had the highest positive influence on grain yield. The highest levels of productivity were reported in cultivars PKB Vizelika, PKB Rodika, Joana and Midas averaged for the two years of the study, cultivar Vizelika with origin from PKB - Serbia realizing a yield of 9.03 t.ha-1. Despite environmental effect and interaction, significant genotypic modality on the investigated traits was observed and analyzed. All studied accessions can be successfully included in a breeding program to increase productivity.

Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., new varieties, grain yield, yield components Abbreviations: GY – grain yield, TKW – thousand kernel weight, NPT – number of productive tillers per m2, DTH – days to heading, as number from 1st January, SH - stem height, NGS – number of grains per spike, NGM – number of grains per m2.

Introduction Wheat is a main crop and human food due to its specific properties and wide area of cultivation. In contrast to other field crops, it has typically low ecological plasticity, which imposes the necessity of developing varieties adapted to specific agroecological regions (Tsenov et al., 2009). A genetic distance between the parental components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is required to develop better genetic combinations in today's breeding. Since crosses are made between lines with similar agronomic and biological characteristics, it is necessary to study them in detail to reduce the potential risk of undesirable narrowing of the basis of the used germplasm (Huang et al., 2007; Chen et al., 1994). The success of any breeding program is based on a wide genetic variability of forms from local and foreign origin and on the thorough and detailed investigation of this variability as well as developing new approaches to evaluate grain production (Stoeva et al., 2009; Reynolds et al., 2009). The quantitative traits of productivity play an important role in the evaluation of a given accession (Tsenov et al., 2014; Slafer et al., 2014). It is also important to know to what extent they vary under specific growing environments. Such investigations are significant for determining the agronomic and breeding value of the accessions. In constant effort to reduce trade-offs between traits, breeders have altered their expression to achieve high yields. Some authors find grain yield (GY) increase to be accommodated by increase of number of grains per spike (NGS) and number of productive tillers per m2 (NPT) (Sanchez-Garcia et al., 2013; Okuyama et al., 2004). Others have concluded that increase in GY * e-mail: [email protected]

276

can be achieved by combination of number of grains per m2 (NGM) and thousand kernel weight (TGW) (Bustos et al., 2013). The investigated cultivars construct their GY on significantly different combination of productivity components which present opportunity to be evaluated under the conditions of South Dobrudzha.

Material and methods The investigation was carried out at Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute (DAI), General Toshevo under field conditions during 2012 – 2014. Grain yield and the components of productivity of 118 common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions of different geographical origin were investigated. Nine main groups of accessions have been included: Bulgaria – 32; Russia – 13; Hungary – 13; Serbia – 11; Ukraine –10; Romania – 9; USA – 9; Moldova – 8; Western Europe– 13 (Czech Republic – 6; France – 4; Austria – 3). The breeding materials were grown as a randomized block design in three replications, the plot size being 7.5 m2. The following traits were analyzed: GY, thousand grain weight (TKW), number of productive tillers per m2 (NPT), date to heading (DTH), stem height (SH), number of grains per spike (NGS) and number of grains per m2 (NGM). Analysis of variation was done to determine main effects. Correlation analysis by Pearson was done in order to find out what the interconnection between structural elements and productivity.

For statistical analysis of the obtained results, the programs XLSTAT-Pro 7.5.2 and Microsoft Excel 2003 were used.

Results and discussion Analysis of the variances of all investigated traits was performed with regard to the environmental factors (Table 1). Results show high level of significance within effects. GY and TGW was highly dependant on the environment factor with 66.57% (p