IRCOBI International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury

2010 INTERNATIONAL IRCOBI CONFERENCE ON THE BIOMECHANICS OF INJURY

15. + 16. September 2010 – HANOVER (Germany)

PROCEEDINGS

Papers of this book have been collected by Kai-Uwe Schmitt in charge of the IRCOBI Secretariat. Copies are available at the IRCOBI Secretariat c/o AGU Zurich Winkelriedstrasse 27 – 8006 Zurich (Switzerland) Tel: +41 44 251 54 65 - Fax: +41 44 251 54 31 - E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2010 IRCOBI ISBN 978-3-033-02550-9 All rights reserved.

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IRCOBI Conference – Hanover (Germany) – September 2010

The IRCOBI Council, the speakers, presenters and other participants, gratefully acknowledge the following institutions for their various contributions in this year's IRCOBI annual conference:

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Bertil Aldman Memorial Lecture FIELD DATA - A BASE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAFE VEHICLES H Norin Sweden

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SESSION I – SPINE (ESPECIALLY CERVICAL REGION) GENDER ANALYSIS ON WHIPLASH SEAT EFFECTIVENESS: RESULTS FROM REALWORLD CRASHES Anders Kullgren 1,2, Maria Krafft 1 1 Folksam Research 2 Department for Public Health Science, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden MOTION OF THE HEAD AND NECK OF FEMALE AND MALE VOLUNTEERS IN REAR IMPACT CAR-TO-CAR TESTS AT 4 AND 8 KM/H Anna Carlsson1,2, Gunter P. Siegmund3,, Astrid Linder1, Mats Svensson2 1 VTI, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Sweden 2 Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden 3 MEA Forensic Engineers & Scientists, Richmond, BC, Canada INFLUENCE ON CERVICAL VERTEBRAL MOTION OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN OCCIPUT AND HEAD RESTRAINT/SEAT BASED ON THE RECONSTRUCTION OF REAR-END COLLISION USING FINITE ELEMENT HUMAN MODEL Fusako Sato, Jacobo Antona, Susumu Ejima, Koshiro Ono Japan Automobile Research Institute CERVICAL SPINE SEGMENT FINITE ELEMENT MODELVALIDATION AND VERIFICATION AT TRAUMATIC LOADING LEVELS FOR INJURY PREDICTION Jennifer A. DeWit, Duane S. Cronin University of Waterloo, Mechanical Engineering, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada A NEW METHODOLOGY FOR BIOFIDELIC HEAD-NECK POSTURAL CONTROL Nicolás Nemirovsky, Lex van Rooij TNO Automotive Short presentation: PREDICTION OF LUMBAR SPINE POSTURE FOR REPOSITIONING OF SPINAL FE MODEL Marathe R1, Chawla A1, Mukherjee S1, Malhotra R2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, INDIA 2 Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. INDIA Short presentation: SENSITIVITY OF THOR AND HYBRID III DUMMY UPPER AND LOWER NECK FORCES AND MOMENTS TO BELT SYSTEMS IN FRONTAL IMPACT Narayan Yoganandan1, Frank A. Pintar1, Dennis J. Maiman1, Stephen A. Ridella2 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA 2 US Department of Transportation, NHTSA, Washington, DC, USA

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SESSION II – HEAD / BRAIN INJURY INFLUENCE OF THE BODY ON HEAD ROTATIONAL ACCELERATION IN MOTORCYCLE HELMET OBLIQUE IMPACT TESTS Mazdak Ghajari1, Steffen Peldschus2, Ugo Galvanetto3, Zahra Asgharpourb1, Lorenzo Iannucci 1 1 Imperial College London, Department of Aeronautics, London, UK 2 Ludwig-Maximilians University, Institute of Legal Medicine, Munich, Germany 3 Padova University, DCT, Padova, Italy HIGH-RATE, REGIONAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE PORCINE BRAIN: CROSS-COMPARISON WITH TWO METHODS OF INDENTATION Benjamin S. Elkin, Ashok Ilankovan, Barclay Morrison III Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Traumatic Brain Injury at Multiple Length Scales: Relating Diffuse Axonal Injury to Discrete Axonal Impairment R.J.H. Cloots1, J.A.W. van Dommelen1, S. Kleiven2, M.G.D. Geers1 1 Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands 2 Division of Neuronic Engineering, School of Technology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-141 52 Huddinge, Sweden

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Short presentation: THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES CRANIAL BONE 131 Julie A. Motherway1, Peter Verschueren2, Georges Van der Perre2, Jos Vander Sloten2, Michael D. Gilchrist1,3 1School of Electrical, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, University College Dublin, Ireland 2Division of Biomechanics and Engineering Design, K.U. Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium 3School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Canada Short presentation: HEAD INJURY RISK EVALUATION FOR STANDING PASSENGERS IN RAIL TRANSPORT Marie-Christine Chevalier, Gaëtan Hanen, Thomas Robert Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France ; INRETS, UMR_T9406, LBMC, Bron ; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne

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SESSION III – PEDESTRIANS / LOWER EXTREMITIES INTEGRATED PEDESTRIAN COUNTERMEASURES Potential of Head Injury Reduction Combining Passive and Active Countermeasures 141 Rikard Fredriksson1,2, Erik Rosén1 1Autoliv Research, Vårgårda, Sweden 2Karolinska Institutet, Department of Public Health, Stockholm, Sweden METHODOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ACTIVE SAFETY SYSTEMS USING REFERENCE SCENARIOS: APPLICATION TO PREVENTIVE PEDESTRIAN SAFETY Adrian Ebner1, Randa Radwan Samaha2, Paul Scullion2, Thomas Helmer1 1 BMW AG 2 George Washington University

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INVESTIGATION ON PEDESTRIAN PELVIS LOADING MECHANISMS USING FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATIONS Yukou Takahashi, Shunji Suzuki, Miwako Ikeda, Yasuaki Gunji Honda R&D Co., Ltd. Automobile R&D Center

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KINEMATICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, AND VEHICLE-RELATED INFLUENCES ON PEDESTRIAN INJURY SEVERITY IN FRONTAL VEHICLE CRASHES: MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS AND CROSS-VALIDATION 181 Thomas Helmer1, Randa Radwan Samaha2, Paul Scullion2, Adrian Ebner1, Ronald Kates3 1 BMW AG 2 George Washington University 3 REK Consulting Short presentation: STATISTICAL PREDICTION OF PEDESTRIAN PRE-IMPACT SPEED BASED ON POST-ACCIDENT VEHICLE DAMAGE 199 JR Elliott1, S Augy1, CK Simms1, DP Wood2 1Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland 2Denis Wood Associates, Dublin, Ireland Short presentation: DEVELOPMENT OF INJURY PROBABILITY FUNCTION FOR THE THORAX OF A PEDESTRIAN DUMMY BASED ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL EVALUATION OF CHEST DEFLECTION USING HUMAN AND PEDESTRIAN DUMMY FE MODELS 203 Yu Kanayama, Akihiko Akiyama, Masayoshi Okamoto, Yukou Takahashi Honda R&D Co., Ltd. Automobile R&D Center Short presentation: REPOSITIONING THE HUMAN BODY FE MODEL AT THE HIP (FEMUROPELVIC) JOINT 207 Dhaval Jani1, Anoop Chawla1, Sudipto Mukherjee1, Rahul Goyal2, Raman Khatri2, Nataraju Vusirikala3, Suresh Jayaraman3 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India. 2Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India. 3India Science Lab, General Motors (R&D). Short presentation: LATERAL BENDING MOMENT THRESHOLD OF THE KNEE JOINT – EFFECTS OF ACTIVE MUSCLES Anurag Soni1, Anoop Chawla1, Sudipto Mukherjee1, Rajesh Malhotra2 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, INDIA 2Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, INDIA

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SESSION IV – TORSO / UPPER EXTREMITIES OVERVIEW OF SERIOUS THORAX INJURIES IN EUROPEAN FRONTAL CAR CRASH ACCIDENTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CRASH TEST DUMMY DEVELOPMENT 217 Jolyon Carroll1, Thorsten Adolph2, Cyril Chauvel3, Maxime Labrousse3, Xavier Trosseille3, Claus Pastor2, Andre Eggers2, Susannah Smith1, and David Hynd1 1 TRL (Transport Research Laboratory, UK) 2 BASt (Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Germany) 3 GIE RE PR (Groupement Intérêt Economique de Recherches et Etudes PSA-Renault, France)

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A NEW METHOD TO DETERMINE RIB GEOMETRY FOR A PERSONALISED FEM OF THE THORAX O. Mayeur1,2,3, F. Chaari1,2,3, R. Delille1,2,3, H. Guillemot1,2,3, P. Drazetic1,2,3 1 Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France 2 UVHC, LAMIH, F-59313 Valenciennes, France 3 CNRS, FRE 3304, F-59313 Valenciennes, France TORSO DEFORMATION IN FRONTAL SLED TESTS: COMPARISION BETWEEN THOR NT, THOR NT WITH THE CHALMERS SD-1 SHOULDER, AND PMHS G. Shaw1, D. Parent1, S. Purtsezov1, D. Lessley1, J. Crandall1, F. Törnvall2 1 Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia 2 Chalmers University of Technology COMPARISON OF HYBRID III AND HUMAN BODY MODELS IN EVALUATING THORACIC RESPONSE FOR VARIOUS SEAT BELT AND AIRBAG LOADING CONDITIONS Krystoffer Mroz1, 2, Ola Bostrom1, Bengt Pipkorn1, Jac Wismans2, Karin Brolin2 1 Autoliv Research 2 Chalmers University of Technology

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Short presentation: PASSIVE HUMAN MUSCLE PROPERTIES FOR FINITE ELEMENT HUMAN BODY MODELS FOR SAFETY 281 Moerman KM1,2, Sprengers AMJ2, Nederveen AJ2, Simms CK1 1Centre for Bioeningeering, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. 2Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Short presentation: METHODOLOGY TO PREDICT THRESHOLDS FOR LOADING CORRIDORS OF HUMAN RIBS Ernst TOMASCH1, Stefan KIRSCHBICHLER1, Wolfgang SINZ1, Hermann STEFFAN1, Mario DAROK2, Hans-Peter DIMAI3, Janina PATSCH4 1Technische Universität Graz –Vehicle Safety Institute 2Medizinische Universität Graz - Institut für Gerichtliche Medizin 3Medizinische Universität Graz - Klin. Abt. für Endokrinologie und Nuklearmedizin 4 Univ.-Klinik für Radiodiagnostik, Wien Short presentation: UPPER EXTREMITY FRACTURES IN CAR ACCIDENTS Lotta Jakobsson, Magdalena Lindman Volvo Car Corporation, Göteborg, Sweden

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Short presentation: Challenges in Steering Wheel Rim to Thorax Impacts Using Finite Element Hybrid III and Human Body Models for Heavy Vehicle Frontal Crash Applications 293 Kristian Holmqvist1, Mats Y. Svensson1, Stefan Thorn2, Karin Brolin1, Johan Davidsson1 1Chalmers University of Technology, SAFER Vehicle and Traffic Safety Centre and the Dept of Applied Mechanics, Vehicle Safety Division, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden 2Volvo Technology Corporation, Department of Humans, Systems & Structures, SE-405 08 Göteborg, Sweden Short presentation: Characterisation of motorcyclist's upper body motion during braking manoeuvre Symeonidis Ioannis1, Kavadarli Gueven1, Fraga Filipe2, van Rooij Lex2, Schuller Erich1, Peldschus Steffen1 1 Institute of Legal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilan University, Munich, Germany, 2 Netherlands’ Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO Automotive, Eindhoven, Netherlands IRCOBI Conference – Hanover (Germany) – September 2010

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Short presentation: EVALUATION OF NUMERICAL APPROACHES FOR SIMULATING LARGE DEFORMATIONS IN THE INTESTINES: APPLICATION TO A CYLINDRICAL PIPE 301 Anurag Soni, Philippe Beillas Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France; INRETS, UMR_T9406, LBMC, Université Lyon 1

SESSION V – INTEGRATED SAFETY/ACCIDENT ANALYSIS (Joint session with ESAR) WITHOUT ELECTRONIC STABILITY CONTROL (ESC) SYSTEMS Vitaly E. Eyges, Greg Stadter, Jeya Padmanaban JP Research, Inc., Mountain View, California, USA Short presentation: SPECIFICITIES OF REAR OCCUPANT PROTECTION: ANALYSIS OF FRENCH ACCIDENT DATA Jean-Louis Martin1, Audrey Lardy1, Sabine Compigne2 1UMRESTTE, UMR T9405, INRETS, Université de Lyon, F-69003, France 2Toyota Motor Europe Short presentation: THE INFLUENCE OF THE SAFETY BELT ON THE DECISIVE INJURY ASSESSMENT VALUES IN THE NEW US-NCAP Burkhard Eickhoff1, Harald Zellmer1, Martin Meywerk2 1Autoliv B.V. & Co. KG, Elmshorn, Germany 2Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Hamburg, Germany ESAR: Self-Protection and Partner-Protection for new vehicles (UNECE R94 amendment) C Chauvel1, S Cuny2, G Favergon1, N Bertholon1, P Delannoy3 1 LAB, France 2 CEESAR, France 3 Safran Engineering, France ESAR: Estimation of the benefits for the UK for potential options to modify UNECE Regulation No. 95 R Cuerden, M Edwards, R Cookson TRL, UK ESAR: Assessing the Field Relevance of Testing protocols and Injury risk functions employed in new car assessment programs D Dalmotas1, P Prasad2, J Augenstein3, K Digges4 1 D J Dalmotas Consulting 2 Prasad Engineering 3 University of Miami 4 George Washington University

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