IPPNW 2001

annual report

Together We Can

Manuel Velasco-Suárez Born 28 Dec 1914, San Cristobal de las Casas; Died 2 Dec 2001, Mexico City

This annual report is dedicated to the inspiring life and vision of Manuel VelascoSuárez. In Mexico revered with the title “Maestro,” Manuel became an early leader and perennial pillar of support for IPPNW. He has been in no small measure responsible for the leadership role played by Mexico in efforts to rid the planet of the scourge of nuclear weapons. Manuel’s social activism began early. In 1938, he was one of the student leaders to attend the World Youth Congress against war and facism. The father of neurosurgery in Mexico and teacher of generations of surgeons, he founded and directed the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery which now bears his name. Elected governor of his southern home province of Chiapas in 1970, he supported recognition and justice for indigenous people. He consistently articulated the nexus between peace, health, and justice; and he masterfully understood the need for political engagement to achieve social and public health goals. Out of the ruins of the Mexico City earthquake, he directed the rebuilding of Hospital Juarez and created an inspiring Physician’s Peace Park in Tlatelolco, from where the Latin American Nuclear Weapons-Free Zone Treaty, the world’s first, takes its name. A deeply religious man, Manuel was the founding president of the Mexican National Commission on Bioethics. He was active, lucid, and indefatigable well into his eighties. He and his beloved Elvira created a remarkable family of 11 children. With grace and without bitterness, he bore the deep wounds of the untimely deaths of Elvira and two of their children. Warm and intense with an enveloping fatherly caring which was intimate and deeply comforting, Manuel delighted in children, listened intently, and offered sincere advice freely. As we mourn, we celebrate the gift of this remarkable man. Tilman A. Ruff, MD, IPPNW-Australia Dr. Manuel Velasco-Suárez (left) and Dr. Bernard Lown with some of their grandchildren at IPPNW’s World Congress in Mexico. (Photo by Robert Del Tredici)

Message from IPPNW’s Leadership This year’s IPPNW Annual Report once again reflects the extraordinary range of global activity by IPPNW physicians working to eliminate nuclear weapons, ban landmines, ameliorate the public health threat posed by small arms, and re-order global priorities so that peace and health for all humankind can move from aspiration to reality. It also reflects the continued vitality and inherent strength of our organization as we begin our third decade. This report, though it covers IPPNW’s work from mid-2000 to mid-2001, was prepared after the tragic events of September 11. Those attacks, and ensuing events in Afghanistan, the Middle East, and South Asia have profound implications for our work and impose on us an obligation to dig deeper, work harder, and expand our efforts. Indeed, in Afghanistan in particular, every major component of IPPNW’s work intersects, demonstrating that the struggle for peace and health is a multi-faceted one. First, Afghanistan, beset by war for decades, has more landmines — 10 million — sewn across its territory than perhaps any other country in the world, posing a serious threat to the civilian population now and for the foreseeable future. Second, Afghanistan is awash in small arms, used by all factions in that country in bloody conflict over many decades. Third, the war in Afghanistan has raised fears of nuclear terrorism and even nuclear war. The Al Qaeda terrorist network has claimed to possess nuclear weapons. Whether it does or not is not known. But its attempts to purchase the materials needed for nuclear weapons have been well documented, and two leading Pakistani nuclear scientists are now known to have met with leaders of both the Taliban and Al Qaeda. Concerns about the security of Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal have been raised should the war in Afghanistan lead to a change of power in that country. And the war in Afghanistan has led some to fear that the United States might use nuclear weapons in the conflict. Whether such fears prove to be justified, modern warfare always carries with it the risk that events will spiral out of control. A world with nuclear weapons is a world at risk for nuclear war. Indeed, as we write, a terrorist attack on India’s parliament has led to a massive military build-up on the India-Pakistan border, leaving these two nuclear states on the verge of full-scale war.

IPPNW Co-Presidents: Dr. Mary-Wynne Ashford, Canada; Dr. Abraham Behar, France; and Dr. Sergei Gratchev, Russia. (Photos: Regina Wiley, Lynn MartinIPPNW, Dr. Hans Levander-SLMK)

The savage attacks of September 11 have certainly heightened fears that terrorism knows no limits. That is why concern about nuclear terrorism is now at the forefront. An act of nuclear terrorism would represent the ultimate failure of nuclear non-proliferation efforts and would cause an enormous public health catastrophe. But unless there are substantial changes in the policies of the nuclear weapons states, such a failure will be utterly predictable. It has simply been counterproductive for a handful of countries to defend their possession of nuclear weapons as essential for their national security while preaching a “no nukes” philosophy to others, and in some cases warning them that acquiring nuclear weapons will be met with dire, if unspecified, consequences. Since the acquisition of nuclear weapons by terrorists will depend on obtaining the materials, or even a completed weapon, from a state, the effectiveness of treaties designed to stop the spread of nuclear weapons is crucial to efforts to prevent nuclear terrorism. This is why IPPNW’s top priority remains the elimination of nuclear weapons and the critical interim steps needed to get there including a strengthened Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, a ban on production and transfer of fissile materials, removing nuclear weapons from high-alert, deep reductions in nuclear arsenals, and a nuclear weapons convention that would ban nuclear weapons.

IPPNW Annual Report 2001

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The recent commitment by Russia and the United States to reduce nuclear arsenals to roughly 2,000 strategic warheads each over ten years is welcome news. But it must be remembered that these reductions will put nuclear weapons at their 1970 levels meaning that a nuclear war could still claim tens, perhaps hundreds of millions of lives. And despite improving RussianAmerican relations, both countries continue to have thousands of nuclear weapons on highalert status, raising the risks of accidental or inadvertent nuclear war. Clearly, we have a long road to travel. Through our UN Office, our affiliates around the world comprising thousands of dedicated physicians and health workers, our energetic and creative Central Office staff, and concerned citizens like you, IPPNW continues to advocate and work for the prevention of nuclear war. In the larger context of peace and health through war prevention, we also moved forward this past year in heightening awareness of the public health threats posed by landmines and small arms. In particular, IPPNW’s international conference on small arms, held in Helsinki in September and organized by PSR-Finland, kicked off what will be a multiyear IPPNW campaign to engage the international medical community in addressing the insidious and tragic public health consequences of small arms and light weapons. More than fifteen years ago, when IPPNW was just five years old, we were honored with the Nobel Peace Prize. Today, we still view that honor as a sacred trust that imposes on us a solemn obligation to continue the all-important struggle to prevent nuclear war and to bring peace and health to a troubled planet. Mary-Wynne Ashford, MD (Canada) Co-President Sergei Gratchev, MD (Russia) Co-President

Abraham Behar, MD (France) Co-President Michael Christ Executive Director

More than fifteen years ago, when IPPNW was just five years old, we were honored with the Nobel Peace Prize. Today, we still view that honor as a sacred trust that imposes on us a solemn obligation to continue the all-important struggle to prevent nuclear war and to bring peace and health to a troubled planet.

IPPNW Executive Director Michael J. Christ (Photo: Giro Studio)

IPPNW and MPI staff from left to right: Suzanne Pearce, Executive Director of MPI; Brian Rawson, Program Coordinator; John Loretz, Program Director; Liling Tan, Communications Associate; Lynn Martin, Communications Director; Laura Rotolo, Program Assistant, MPI; Piji Protopsaltis, Project Coordinator; Anna Helman, IFMSALiaison; Mehdi Akfari,Accountant; Douglas Kline, Administration and Finance Director; and Michael Christ, Executive Director. Not shown: Merav Datan, IPPNW/PSR UN Office Director; Priscilla McMullen, Development Director; and Allison Howard, DevelopmentAssociate.

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IPPNW Annual Report 2001

IPPNW Board of Directors FOUNDING CO-PRESIDENTS Bernard Lown, MD, USA Evgueni Chazov, MD, Russia BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Co-Presidents Mary-Wynne Ashford, MD, PhD, Canada Abraham Behar, MD, France Sergei Gratchev, MD, Russia Vice-Presidents Africa Robert Mtonga, MD, Zambia Russia and the Former Soviet Union Ljubov Kolesnikova, MD, Russia Europe Herman Spanjaard, MD, The Netherlands Latin America Antonio Jarquin, MD, Nicaragua Middle East Perla Dujovney-Perez, MD, Israel

North America Neil Arya, MD, Canada Ira Helfand, MD, United States North Asia Masao Tomonaga, MD, Japan South Asia S.S. Shrivastwa, MD, India Southeast Asia Pacific Ian Maddocks, MD, Australia At-Large Members Boris Bondarenko, MD, Russia Monika Brodmann, MD, Switzerland Carlos Pazos, MD, Cuba Elisabeth Waterston, MD, United Kingdom Kenjiro Yokoro, MD, Japan

Secretary John Pastore, MD, USA Medical Student Representatives Caecilie Buhmann, Denmark Ernest Ryan Guevarra, Philippines Speaker of the International Council Robin Stott, MD, UK Deputy Speaker Gunnar Westberg, MD, Sweden Executive Director Michael J. Christ

Chair Ian Maddocks, MD, MPH, Australia Treasurer Herman Spanjaard, MD, The Netherlands

IPPNW Board of Directors, physician-activists, and staff. (Photo: Lynn Martin-IPPNW)

IPPNW Annual Report 2001

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Nuclear Abolition Program Overview Before the tragic events of September 11, the proposed US national missile defense system (NMD) dominated the nuclear weapons debate in the US and abroad. George W. Bush, who campaigned on a promise to deploy missile defenses and to abandon the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, made NMD a top military priority when he assumed office in January 2001. Few US allies supported the plan with any enthusiasm, some countries, especially in Europe, expressed open skepticism, and Russia and China objected strenuously. The unilateralism that marked the first months of the Bush Administration was nowhere more evident than in the push to test and deploy NMD. IPPNW, viewing NMD as a threat in its own right and as a serious obstacle to the abolition of nuclear weapons, mounted an international campaign to stop the deployment of missile defenses in 2001. The Stop Star Wars Campaign marshalls the resources of 12 national affiliates in countries that are required for NMD infrastructure and/or that can exert enough political influence to impede the Administration's reckless, unilateral policies. NMD opponents in those countries — Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Russia, Sweden, the UK, and the US — responded to each NMD test and to Administration threats to break out of the ABM Treaty with letters, calls, and visits to government officials protesting the US rush to deployment.

Highlights Among the campaign highlights are: ■

IPPNW's Australian affiliate, Medical Action to Prevent War (MAPW), held a forum in May 2001 on the Australian role as an infrastructure state for US missile defenses, with a particular focus on the Pine Gap installation. Opposition to NMD by the National Consultative Committee on Disarmament and Peace, chaired by IPPNW Chair Dr. Ian Maddocks, was reported in the Sydney Morning Herald in June.

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Physicians for Global Survival (IPPNW-Canada) launched a mass-transit ad/Internet-based youth outreach campaign called Bombs Away. PGS wrote to Prime Minister Jean Chretien in February, urging him to state Canada's unequivocal opposition to the deployment and development of NMD and its commitment to the abolition of nuclear weapons. IPPNW Co-President Mary-Wynne Ashford participated with Senator Douglas Roche in a televised NGO news briefing on missile defenses during national consultations on Canadian security policy in May 2001.

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Danish affiliate leader Dr. Povl Revsbech protested US plans to use the Thule Air Base radar as part of NMD infrastructure to the Danish Minister of Foreign Affairs. Dr. Revsbech was joined by physicians and medical students in June at a meeting with the Head of the Office on Disarmament and Security in the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Top to bottom: IPPNW Briefing Paper on Star Wars Missile Defenses; OpinionEditorial piece in the Boston Globe; Letter to the Editor in the New York Times; Ad on depleted uranium published by IPPNWGermany.

IPPNW Annual Report 2001

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In France, IPPNW Co-President Dr. Abraham Behar represented IPPNW at a roundtable discussion on missile defenses with the chair and deputy chair of the National Defense Commission; the ambassadors of Russia, South Africa, India, and China; and parliamentarians from Germany and the UK in the French Senate in July. Dr. Behar secured a promise from French parliamentarians for continuing meetings on NMD, including its implications for the militarization of space.

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IPPNW-Germany participated in a press conference about missile defenses in May 2001 that was covered by the national newspaper Frankfurter Rundschau and also received radio coverage. Members of the group have met to discuss missile defenses with members of Parliament and with foreign ministry staff. In collaboration with the German network of Abolition 2000, IPPNW co-sponsored a nationwide signature gathering campaign against NMD.

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IPPNW's Dutch affiliate co-sponsored a conference on missile defenses at the Netherlands Parliament in The Hague on June 29. The conference engaged parliamentarians, diplomats, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in an informed debate about US missile defense plans and alternatives.

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IPPNW-New Zealand invited Prime Minister Helen Clark to speak at an IPPNW meeting and distributed her remarks widely. “The United States seems to be putting existing disarmament agreements at risk,” the Prime Minister said, “by developing a defence system against a missile threat which, while it certainly exists, many in the world believe is exaggerated and could be better addressed through the enforcement and strengthening of existing control and disarmament regimes.”

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Missile defenses were the main theme of the Norwegian Physicians against Nuclear Weapons annual meeting in March. The affiliate placed six articles on NMD in Norwegian newspapers during the first six months of 2001. Affiliate leader Bjorn Hilt made IPPNW's opposition to NMD known not only to the Norwegian Prime Minister, but to the governments of Denmark and the UK, whose roles as infrastructure countries directly affect Norway. In advance of a Parliamentary election in September, the affiliate sent a letter to all the political parties asking what they would do to prevent NMD from leading to a new nuclear arms race.

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Russian Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (RPPNW), with the help of IPPNW's Swedish affiliate, brought physicians and medical students from 10 countries to Moscow in May for a week-long series of consultations between Russian ministry officials and parliamentarians. Part of the Dialogues with Decision-Makers program, the meetings gave prominence to the potential impact of US missile defense deployment on Russian nuclear policy.

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IPPNW's Swedish affiliate (SLMK) placed a full-page color advertisement, in Swedish and English, in Dagens Nyheter, the country's largest daily newspaper, on June 14, the day of George W. Bush's arrival in Gothenburg for the EU summit. The ad was also sent to many US congresspersons. During the summit, SLMK participated in a seminar on ballistic missile defenses held by professional groups against nuclear weapons. SLMK has developed a major Web-based resource on missile defenses, produced and maintained by Swedish journalist Claes Andreasson.

IPPNW Annual Report 2001

Top to bottom — PSR (IPPNW-US) with other anti-nuclear groups protests National Missile Defense; Lars Pohlmeier of IPPNW-Germany giving press interview; Members of Dialogues with Decision-Makers delegation meeting in Moscow; Members of Physicians for Global Survival (IPPNW-Canada) meeting in Vancouver to plan their Bombs Away campaign to stop Star Wars. (Photos: PSR, IPPNW-Germany, Alexander Yemelyanenkov, IPPNWRussia, and Lynn Martin-IPPNW)

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Liz Waterston of the UK affiliate Medact has been a principal organizer of consultations between physicians and European officials on nuclear weapons issues, including missile defenses. Dr. Waterston chaired a three-day series of meetings with parliamentarians and senior ministry staff in London at a time when British concerns about the security policies of the incoming Bush Administration were beginning to surface. Dr. Waterston wrote a letter to Prime Minister Blair in May 2001, calling his attention to IPPNW's position on NMD and urging him to challenge US proposals. Medact also issued an “Alternative Election Manifesto” in May, urging the UK government to oppose missile defenses.

IPPNW also advocated throughout 2001 for the nuclear disarmament initiatives that emerged from the year 2000 review of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT); for a ban on the manufacture, transfer, and sale of fissile materials; for increased funds for joint Russian-US programs designed to safely dismantle the aging and sprawling nuclear weapons complex in Russia; for deep reductions in existing nuclear arsenals; for entry into force of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT); and for negotiation and adoption of a Nuclear Weapons Convention banning nuclear weapons. Following the attacks in the US on September 11, the fear that nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction might fall into the hands of terrorists became a major concern. Because uranium and plutonium reprocessing increases the danger of vertical nuclear weapons proliferation and civilian nuclear reactors are vulnerable targets, IPPNW strengthened its call for heightened plant security and a global phaseout of nuclear energy. The possibility that terrorists could employ radiological dispersion weapons—conventional explosives wrapped around a core of fissile materials—or low-yield “suitcase” nuclear weapons smuggled out of Russia, or even weapons from the Pakistan arsenal should that government fall to extremist factions, prompted a dramatic shift in IPPNW's nuclear campaigning towards the end of the year. While stopping deployment of NMD and urging the Bush Administration to adhere to the framework of international disarmament agreements remain major focuses of our work, IPPNW increasingly turned its attention to the need for an international convention on nuclear terrorism, tighter international controls over fissile materials, increased security around all nuclear power plants, and a strengthening of enforcement provisions for the Biological Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention, both of which face uncertain futures as a result the unilateralist policies of the Bush Administration. In 2001, IPPNW continued its close collaboration with the Middle Powers Initiative (MPI), a non-governmental organization supporting the work of a group of influential “middle power” nations with a strong commitment to nuclear disarmament and a nuclear-free world. Finally, as part of the Dialogues with Decision-Makers program, IPPNW delegations met with government officials in Poland, Russia, the UK, and France, as well as with NATO officials in Brussels, to promote an open and candid exchange of views about nuclear weapons and alternative security policies based on the elimination of nuclear weapons and a global commitment to forswear all uses and threatened uses of weapons of mass destruction.

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IPPNW Briefing Paper on Nuclear Terrorism; article in major Polish newspaper on IPPNW Dialogues with Decision-Makers meeting; Swedish Physicians Against Nuclear Weapons’ (SLMK) website section on National Missile Defense; Physicians for Global Survival’s youth-oriented website to mobilize action to Stop Star Wars — www.bombsaway.ca

IPPNW Annual Report 2001

Peace and Health — War Prevention Programs IPPNW’s Peace and Health Program reflects IPPNW’s commitment to the prevention of all war and complements our work for the abolition of nuclear weapons. Preventing conflict and violence, ending the arms trade, and ameliorating the conditions that lead to armed conflict — all are actively pursued by IPPNW affiliates around the world. In the Central Office, IPPNW’s Peace and Health Program comprises two major efforts: the campaign to ban landmines and the project on small arms.

Landmines Campaign As an active member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL), IPPNW brings much-needed expertise on the medical and public health consequences of landmines. Landmines are particularly insidious and cruel weapons because they remain lethal decades after deployment and exact most of their toll on innocent civilians. One hundred forty-two nations have now signed the Mine Ban Treaty (MBT), a treaty that came to fruition as a result of the ICBL’s concerted efforts in the mid-to-late 1990s. But many key countries remain outside the treaty, most notably the United States and Russia. In 2001 the ICBL pushed hard to advance the MBT in the United States with a four-day conference in March in Washington, DC, featuring a series of events designed to highlight the urgency of the issue and build public and political support. Noting the presence of delegates from 80 countries and 46 of the 50 United States, Washington Mayor Anthony Williams declared “Ban Landmines Week” in the US capital city. ICBL members met with more than 300 congressional representatives, held a press conference in front of the US Capitol next to a pile of 6,000 shoes representing limbs lost to landmines, staged demonstrations, mounted public exhibits, circulated petitions, and held an interfaith prayer service in memory of landmine victims. At a reception hosted by the Organization of American States (OAS), Her Majesty Queen Noor of Jordan, US Senator Patrick Leahy of Vermont, and US Congressman Jim McGovern of Massachusetts all spoke eloquently about the continuing toll taken by landmines. Later in the week US Secretary of State Colin Powell met with Queen Noor, ICBL officials and landmine victims, and Senator Leahy introduced the Landmine Elimination and Victim Assistance Act of 2001 which calls for the US to sign the MBT. However, the ICBL is deeply concerned about reports of a possible reversal of US landmine policy. According to the US campaign, the Pentagon has recommended that the US abandon its commitment to ban anti-personnel (AP) mines as soon as possible and reject the existing target for joining the treaty by 2006. In September 2001, IPPNW representatives attended the Third Meeting of State Parties to the MBT held in Managua, Nicaragua. The meeting included an evaluation of de-mining efforts (the US, despite being a non-signatory to the MBT, is the world’s leading donor for mine clearance efforts) and progress in securing the commitments of non-signatory nations to join the MBT. The progress of IPPNW’s Landmines Campaign is due in large part to the generosity of the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT), the Open Society Institute — Landmines Project, Ploughshares Fund (USA), the Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DANIDA), and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. These organizations, coupled with crucial individual support, allowed IPPNW to expand and strengthen its efforts. IPPNW Annual Report 2001

Top to bottom: Dr. Eddie Mworozi, IPPNWUganda (center) leading a workshop on emergency first aid training. Demonstration urging the US government to sign the Mine Ban Treaty. Members of IPPNW-Russia examine a map showing landmine dispersal in Georgia. IPPNW-Russia meeting to plan strategies for Landmine Campaign. (Photos: IPPNW-Uganda; www.icbl.org/Kjell Knudsen; IPPNW-Russia)

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In addition to its participation in these important international events, IPPNW’s landmine efforts over the past year have focused on Africa, Russia, and other countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU). In Africa, IPPNW affiliates have undertaken ongoing research on the health effects of landmines for the ICBL’s Landmines Monitor and conducted workshops in several countries on mine awareness and first aid treatment of mine-related injuries. Community and media outreach efforts are key strategies for IPPNW affiliates in Africa as they seek to make a measurable difference in the lives of those in mine-affected areas. In Russia and the FSU, IPPNW affiliates have collected data for the Landmines Monitor and assembled a comprehensive report, Landmines in the FSU: Deadly Legacy. IPPNW-Russia has developed an excellent mine-related website, produced a video documentary on landmines in the FSU, and is planning to launch a mine awareness and victim assistance program in the Northern Caucasus region. The landmines challenge will be with us for decades to come. De-mining is a dangerous, expensive, and time-consuming process, and de-mining efforts are outpaced by the rate at which new landmines are deployed. And, despite the speed with which the MBT garnered the support of a majority of the world’s nations, dozens remain outside the ban. The practical and political challenges are formidable, but IPPNW remains committed to playing a substantial role in the ICBL.

Project on Small Arms and Light Weapons Small arms and light weapons kill an estimated 300,000 people in armed conflict every year, and 200,000 in homicides, suicides, and accidents. Small arms are in abundant supply, are easy to obtain, and are relatively cheap. Globally, the medical and public health consequences of small arms are devastating Much of IPPNW’s work on small arms during the past year focused on preparations for a major global conference titled “Aiming for Prevention,” held in Helsinki, Finland, in late September. Organized by IPPNW and its Finnish affiliate, Physicians for Social ResponsibilityFinland, the conference sought to catalyze physician involvement in the small arms issue to develop strategies for prevention, directions for public health research, and ways to advocate for more effective public policies. The conference was an unqualified success. With technical support from the World Health Organization, and representation from UNICEF, the International Committee of the Red Cross, the International Action Network on Small Arms, and more than 200 participants from 50 countries, the conference examined the complex causes of small arms violence and explored strategies for prevention. The conference identified three critical tasks that health professionals, scientists, activists, and humanitarian and development workers can undertake as first steps in addressing the small arms epidemic:

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Meet the need for accurate and relevant data as a foundation for sound policy making.

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Join in a comprehensive educational campaign to inform professional communities and the public about the causes and consequences of small arms violence.

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Use this increased awareness to stimulate local, national, and international dialogue that leads to effective policy-making at all levels to reduce the human toll of small arms violence.

(Top to bottom) Working group session at Helsinki conference on small arms; conference organizers (left to right) Reijo Kantola, Brian Rawson, and Angelica Emeleus; PSR-Finland Vice President and Member of Parliament Dr. Ilkka Taipale speaking to reporters; IPPNW Fact Sheet on Small Arms and Light Weapons. (Photos: Brian Rawson-IPPNW)

IPPNW Annual Report 2001

The Helsinki conference followed a year in which the international community wrestled, at times unsuccessfully, with the small arms crisis. IPPNW was present throughout the UN Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, held in New York from July 9-20, and at various meetings designed to lay the groundwork for consensus on measures to control small arms proliferation. So far, that consensus has proven elusive. One of the most notable failures of UN-based efforts to date is the lack of adoption of a code of conduct that would prevent states from exporting arms to regions of conflict or human rights abuse. Former Costa Rican president and Nobel Peace laureate Oscar Arias has been promoting just such a code, which IPPNW has endorsed. IPPNW is just at the beginning of what we anticipate will be a long-term engagement in the small arms issue. The Helsinki conference succeeded in its goal of bringing heightened awareness to, and resolve by, the global health community to address the small arms epidemic. By next year, we expect to be able to report to you on the progress made in translating the energy generated by the Helsinki meeting into a global education and advocacy campaign on the medical and public health consequences of small arms.

UN Office IPPNW and Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR-USA) together opened a United Nations Office in New York in September 2000. The UN Office is located in the United Nations Church Center, across the street from UN Headquarters, in a building that houses several UN liaison offices of international non-governmental organizations. The office is staffed by Merav Datan, former program director of IPPNW, and works closely with Dr. Victor Sidel and Dr. Cathey Falvo, both of whom also serve as UN representatives to the UN for IPPNW and PSR. The office also usually has one or two interns at a time. The UN Office monitors and participates in United Nations work relating to disarmament and international security, specifically nuclear disarmament and small arms; sustainable development, including energy and environmental issues; and humanitarian concerns, for example in Afghanistan and Iraq. The UN Office serves as a base for IPPNW and PSR staff and members during substantive UN meetings, such as the First Committee on International Security and Disarmament, the Non-Proliferation Treaty review process, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty entry into force conference, the Conference on Illicit Trade in Small Arms, the Special Session on Children, and the Commission on Sustainable Development. In several of these meetings, the UN Office has worked with the greater non-governmental community to coordinate, convene, and present substantive statements of the official conference. The UN Office works with a coalition of other non-governmental organizations through the project Reaching Critical Will (of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom) to monitor, report, and analyze the General Assembly’s debate and resolutions on disarmament and international security through the First Committee. Agenda topics of particular interest to IPPNW and PSR are nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons disarmament, missiles and missile defenses, and small arms. Ongoing work of the UN Office has also included following the work of the Security Council. During most of 2000-2001, the Security Council agenda items of foremost concern to IPPNW and PSR were sanctions on Iraq, women and peace and security, prevention of armed conflict, and small arms. Since September 11, the Security Council has focused much of its work, in addition to ongoing issues, on countering terrorism. The UN Office has followed and analyzed these developments from the perspective of peace and prevention. It has also monitored negotiations and developments and 12 existing and 2 proposed treaties for the prevention and suppression of terrorism. IPPNW Annual Report 2001

Top to bottom: Plenary session at Aiming for Prevention Conference on Small Arms and Light Weapons; IPPNW Regional Medical Student Representatives Proochista Ariana (US) and Munanga Mwandila (Zambia) in front of the United Nations; UN Under-Secretary General for Disarmament Affairs Jayantha Dhanapala (left) addresses an MPI consultation at the UN; Merav Datan, Director of the IPPNW/PSR UN Office, and Michael Christ,IPPNW Executive Director. (Photos: Piji Protopsaltis-IPPNW, Mario O. Funes)

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Financial Report IPPNW is pleased to present our financial report for the fiscal year (FY) 2001. We would like to express our appreciation to the donors, foundations, and development agencies that supported IPPNW in FY01. Essential to the future success of IPPNW is the continued support of individuals through direct mail, planned gifts, bequests, and other private gifts. We would also like to thank the dedicated physicians from our affiliate organizations throughout the world who contribute more than financial support by working tirelessly to fulfill IPPNW’s mission. In the aftermath of the September 11 tragedies, the understandable outpouring of support for relief efforts in New York and a slowing economy have increased the challenge for organizations like ours. The IPPNW management team has been especially committed to lowering fundraising and administrative costs while strengthening our programs. By improving operations to augment program services, we were able to increase the percentage of every dollar spent for program purposes, which now stands at 78 percent. Also of note is that the report shows a surplus in the unrestricted operating fund for the second year in a row. Unrestricted funds allow us to do diverse activities such as affiliate support and communication in addition to our core program of nuclear abolition. Although the total net assets decreased during FY01, this was the result of using restricted program grants that carried over from FY00 that were required to be used this year. The accompanying charts show FY01 revenue by source and FY01 expenses by function, along with the Statement of Position as of June 30, 2001, and the Statement of Activities for the year ended June 30, 2001. A full independent auditor’s report with financial statements has been prepared by Alexander, Aronson & Finning, Certified Public Accountants, and is available upon request. Herman Spanjaard, MD, Treasurer

Douglas Kline, Director of Finance and Administration

IPPNW Fiscal Year 2001 Revenue by Source

Percentage of Total

Foundations and Grants Bequests Individuals Contributions Affiliate Dues and Support Investment Revenue Totals

$207,976 $698,163 $417,445 $148,278 ($28,725)

14% 48% 28% 10% -2%

$1,443,137

100%

Expenses by Function Nuclear Abolition Landmines Campaign Congress Medical Students General Administration Fundraising and Development

FY01 Revenue by Source General Administration 10% Individual Contributions 28%

Bequests 48%

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$807,000 $274,304 $54,861 $9,805 $147,321 $180,451

54% 19% 4% 1% 10% 12%

$1,473,741

100%

FY01 Expenses by Function

Foundations and Grants 14% Affiliate Dues and Support 10%

Percentage of Total

Fundraising and Development 12%

Congress 4%

Medical Students 1%

Nuclear Abolition 54%

Landmines 19%

IPPNW Annual Report 2001

Statement of Financial Position: June 30, 2001

ASSETS

UNRESTRICTED

Cash and equivalents Investments Dues and other receivables, net of allo wance for doubtful accounts of $9,016 Grants receivable Pledges and bequest receivable net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $5,251 Prepaid expenses and deposits Inventory Property and equipment, net Due (to) from Total Assets

LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS

TEMPORARILY RESTRICTED

PERMANENTLY RESTRICTED

TOTAL

$25,608 461,403

$994 18,455

41,626 212,869

$68,228 692,727

32,515 9,086

55,400

-

32,515 64,486

74,702 23,377 20,437 40,452 3,269

29,848

(33,117)

74,704 23,377 20,437 40,452 -

$690,849

$104,697

$221,378

$1,016,924

UNRESTRICTED

TEMPORARILY RESTRICTED

PERMANENTLY RESTRICTED

TOTAL

Liabilities Accounts payable and accrued expenses Deferred revenue Liability for amounts held for others Total liabilities

$73,304 4,421 6,768 84,493

-

-

$73,304 4,421 6,768 84,493

Net Assets Unrestricted Operating Property and equipment Total unrestricted

571,790 34,566 606,356

-

-

571,790 34,566 606,356

Temporarily Restricted Permanently Restricted Total net assets

606,356

104,697 104,697

221,378 221,378

104,697 221,378 932,431

$690,849

$104,697

$221,378

$1,016,924

Total liabilities and net assets

Statement of Activities for the Year Ended June 30, 2001

UNRESTRICTED

OPERATING SUPPORT ANDREVENUES Bequests Contributions Grants Affiliate dues and suppor t Investment income Publications and other Net assets released from restrictions Satisfaction of time restrictions Satisfaction of program restrictions

TEMPORARILY RESTRICTED

PERMANENTLY RESTRICTED

TOTAL

$698,163 352,143 148,278 33,286 4,745

54,672 207,976 -

-

$698,163 406,815 207,976 148,278 33,286 4,745

101,225 433,619

(101,225) (433,619)

-

-

Total operating support and revenues

1,771,459

(272,196)

-

1,499,263

OPERATING EXPENSES Program services Fundraising, development, and outreach General and administrative

1,107,019 180,451 147,321

-

-

1,107,019 180,451 147,321

Total operating expenses

1,434,791

-

-

1,434,791

Change in net assets from operations

336,668

(272,196)

-

64,472

NON-OPERATINGREVENUES (EXPENSES) Endowment contribution Realized gain on sale of in vestments Unrealized (loss) gain on investments Loss on foreign currency exchange

5,683 (42,288) -

51,183 (76,589) (38,950)

5,885 -

5,885 56,866 (118,877) (38,950)

Total non-operating revenues (expenses)

(36,605)

(64,356)

5,885

(95,076)

300,063

(336,552)

5,885

(30,604)

Change in net assets NETASSETS,beginning of year NETASSETS,end of year

IPPNW Annual Report 2001

306,293

441,249

215,493

963,035

$606,356

$104,697

$221,378

$932,431

11

Thanks to Our Supporters Contributions received from July 1, 2000 to June 30, 2001.

Individual Donors Ms. Geraldine Abelow Dr. Rosalind Abernathy Dr. Jeffrey L. Adams Mr. and Mrs. Mason Adams Ms. Mary Adams Dr. Heinz Aeschbach Mr. Mehdi Afkari Mrs. Beatrice Albert Mr. Robert H Allen Esq. Mr. Franz L. Alt Mr. E. D. Alyea Jr. Dr. L. D. Anagnostopoulos Mr. and Mrs. Leif S. Ancker Mrs. Margaret Ancker Mr. Stuart Anderson Mrs. Grace B. Anderson Dr. Marcia A. Angle Ms. Helen Howes Annan Mr. and Mrs. R. L. Anthony Dr. and Mrs. John Antonucci Dr. and Mrs. James R Arnold Dr. Julia B. Ashenhurst Dr. and Mrs. Avery Aten Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan Ater Dr. Margaret R. Atterbury Rev. David J. Baar Dr. Henry H. Babcock Ms. Sarah L. Babine Mr. and Mrs. John Backer Ms. Barbara G. Bacon Dr. John J. Baehr III Mr. Arthur Baggs Mr. Brian L. Bailey Dr. James R. Ballinger Dorothea Bamford Dr. Michael R. Barboni Dr. Peter Barker Dr. G. O. Barnett Mr. and Mrs. Roger Barrows Dr. Alex J. Bart Dr. Maxwell Barus Dr. Jerome L. Bass Thomas J. Becker D.D.S. Norman and Nancy B. Beecher Mr. and Mrs. Orville Beehler Mr. and Mrs. Avery J Beer Dr. Ann Behrmann Dr. Ward Bein Ms. Marjorie Belcher Mrs. Dorothy W. Bell Mr. David F. Bemis Mr. Rudolf A. Bergmann Ms. Dorothy Berkowitz Ms. Roxie Berlin Mr. and Mrs. Alden Besse Mr. Arthur L. Besse Mr. and Mrs. Bob Beyers Dr. J. Andrew Billings Rev. James G. Birney

12

(left to right) Dr. Sergei Kolesnikov, past IPPNW Co-President and member of Russian Duma; Former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev; Current IPPNW Co-Presidents Drs. Mary-Wynne Ashford and Sergei Gratchev. (Photo: IPPNW)

Ms. Donna Bischoff Dr. David W. Bishop Dr. James C. Blankenship Mr. August Blasquez Dr. Nadya K. Bleisch Dr. Harry Bliss Dr. Kurt J. Bloch Dr. Richard S. Boas Mr. John K. Boitnott Mr. Allen H. Borger Dr. Glenn C. Bothwell Dr. A'Delbert Bowen Mrs. Ann K. Bower Dr. James Boyer Ms. Selma Brackman Dr. and Mrs. David Bradford Dr. June Brady Dr. Marjorie Braude Dr. Richard C. Braun Dr. and Mrs. Richard Braun Ms. Charlotte J. Brewer Mrs. Clarita H. Bright Mr. Edward S. Brinton Mrs. W. F. Brissenden Dr. William Brock Dr. Reed Brockbank Dr. Monika Brodmann Mr. Peter Broner Dr. Martin I. Bronk P. Brostrup-Jensen Mr. Robert C. Brown Dr. Stewart W. Brown Dr. James Brown Mr. Christopher Brown Dr. Erika Bruck Ms. Mary L. B ryan Ms. Ester S. Buchholz Mrs. C. Frederick Buechner Mr. and Ms. Edward Burchianti Dr. James F. Burdick Ms. Susan O. Bush Dr. William Butts Drs. Robert and Lori Byron

Mr. Harry Cagin Ms. Cristina E. Callan Dr. John R. Calvert Mr. Edward Cammack Mr. Timothy S. Candon Mrs. Churchill G. Carey Ms. Barbara S. Carlson Dr. George H. Carter Mr. Luther J. Carter Dr. Christine Cassel Dr. H. Mead Cavert Dr. Helen Chang Dr. L. Terry Chappell Dr. and Mrs. Richard Chasin Mr. Daniel S. Cheever Mr. William Child Jr. Ms. Karen F. Childs Mr. Michael J. Christ Mr. Reece Clark Dr. Charles G. Clark Mr. Stuart Cleland Mrs. Margaret Clowes Ms. Jean M. Cluett Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Coan Dr. Leonard A. Cobb Dr. Charlotte J. Cohen Mr. Philip M. Cohen Ms. Elizabeth Coker Dr. Clinton Collins Dr. John R. Collins Mr. Leslie G. Collins Mr. and Mrs. Frank E. Colton Dr. and Mrs. Jack M. Colwill Drs. David and Rebecca Conant Ms. Elizabeth B. Conant Rev. Louise and Dr. Loring Conant Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Sherrill Conna Dr. Allan K. Connolly Dr. Rebecca Conrad Dr. Carolyn G. Conroy Dr. John D. Constable Ms. Susan Cook Mrs. Joan D. Cooper Mr. Michael K. Corenzwit Mr. Charles S. Cox Mr. Weld Coxe Mr. and Mrs. Bert Crain Mrs. Asho I. Craine Dr. and Mrs. R. S. Crampton Dr. Allan E. Crandell Mr. Alan Cranston Mr. Stephen Crary Ms. Anne Cross Mrs. Anne Crumm Dr. Carolyn A. Cunningham Dr. Laurence M. Currier Dr. Dock Curtis Mr. and Mrs. R. B. Cutler Dr. Lopes Da Silva Ms. Mimi S. Daitz Dr. Stephen L. Daniel Jane and Worth B. Daniels Jr. Dr. Steve Daniels

Dr. Andrew Dannenberg Dr. and Mrs. Fred T. Darvill Jr. Ms. Merav Datan Dr. Amar L. Dave Dr. Frederick J. Davis Dr. Maxwell Davis Hazel Meeks Decker Ms. Ruth G. Decker Mr. and Mrs. Richard S. DeHoff Dr. Gregory L. Demotts Dr. Linda J. Dennis Mr. Tom R. Dennis Dr. Daniel P. Dennison Dr. and Mrs. Don Deprez Ms. Catharine Detweiler Mr. Thomas F. Deutsch Mr. and Mrs. John F. Dickinson Ms. Martha C. Dickman Ms. Katharine Dickson Ms. Margaret R. Diederich Mrs. Ann S. Dietrich Dr. Michael C. Dillon Ms. Elizabeth C. Donaldson Mr. John R. Downes Jr. Mr. Martin J. Dreyfuss Mr. Felix DuBreuil Dr. Robert A. Dudley Dr. Joseph J. Duerksen Dr. Patricia K. Duffner Mr. and Mrs. John Dyer-Bennet Dr. Bernard Eggertsen Dr. Joel L. Eikenberry Ms. Meredith W. Einaudi Dr. and Mrs. Julian Eligator Miss Eunice Elton Prof. Lars Engstedt Dr. Jerome J. Epplin Dr. Ernst Epstein Mr. and Mrs. Alan Essner Dr. B. Henry Estess Jr. Dr. Daniel Eulberg Dr. Dennis Evans Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence Evans Mr. John C. Evans Dr. Elwin R. Falkenham Dr. William F. Fearn Dr. Valerie J. Fein-Zachary Dr. George M. Feldman Dr. Virginia McFarla Feldman Dr. Jeffrey Ferris Dr. Ronald Ferry Dr. and Mrs. Daniel Fine Dr. Zachary Finkelberg Mrs. Dorothy Fischman Dr. and Mrs. Arthur Fisher Ms. Sheila Fishman Dr. H. Charles Fishman

(left to right) IPPNW Chairman of the Board Dr. Ian Maddocks with author Jonathan Schell. (Photo: Lynn Martin-IPPNW)

IPPNW Annual Report 2001

IPPNW wishes to acknowledge the extraordinary generosity of John E. Swisher of Key Largo, Florida, through his bequest. Ms. Janet P. Fitch Dr. George P. Fitzgerald Dr. Kieran J. Fitzpatrick Ms. Blanche A. Fitzpatrick Dr. and Mrs. Willard E. Forney Dr. Lysia S. Forno Dr. and Mrs. Robert P. Fornshell Dr. and Mrs. Lachlan Forrow Mr. and Mrs. Brian Forrow Dr. Robert L. Fox Dr. Lee Francis Dr. David Paul Frasz Dr. Kenneth Fremont-Smith Dr. Sophie Freud Mr. and Mrs. Charles Friedlander Ms. Judi C. Friedman Mr. David Froba Ms. Andrea N. Frost Dr. Stuart L. Fuld Dr. John Gallup Harriet E. Gamper Dr. and Mrs. Donald S. Gann Dr. Lynell P. Gardner Dr. Donald M. Garland Mr. David R. Garr Mrs. Edith Hoyt Garrett Mrs. Doris L. Garrison Mr. and Mrs. Ron Garrow Dr. John R. Gates Mr. Peter Gebhardt-Seele Dr. and Mrs. Alfred Gellhorn Dr. John Gezon Drs. Gregory and Rebecca Gibbons Ms. Mary E. Gillespie Dr. James F. Gilligan Mr. Lester C. Ginsberg Dr. Brigid K. Glackin Dr. David and Natalie Glaser Mr. and Mrs. Howard Glazer Dr. Ruth M. Glick Dr. Mary A. Glover Mr. Fred Glover Dr. and Mrs. Jay H. Gold Dr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Goldbarg Dr. and Mrs. Howard Goldin Ms. Isabel Goldstein Dr. Erica T. Goode Mrs. Elizabeth B. Gordon Dr. J. Michael Gospe Dr. Robert Gould Ms. Priscilla B. Grace Mr. Ronald J. Graham Dr. David M. Grant Mr. Geoffrey Gratwick Dr. Glen Grayman Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Greber Dr. Gary N. Greenberg Ms. Pamela C. Greenman Ms. Anne Grieg Ms. Mary V. Griswold

IPPNW Annual Report 2001

Dr. Gordon W. Gritter Dr. Daniel Gup Ms. Mary G. Gurney Ms. Henrietta Gwaltney Mr. and Mrs. John Haas Dr. Frances M. Hagins Mr. Walter W. Haines Ms. Martha Hairston Dr. David Hall Dr. David Hall Dr. Thomas L. Hall Dr. Jeffrey K. Halpern Dr. C. H. Hamilton Dr. Thomas E. Hamilton Mr. and Mrs. W. M. Hamilton Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Hamlin Mr. and Mrs. Donal D. Hammond Dr. and Mrs. Donald Hardman Dr. William Harford Mr. Robin Harper Dr. Donald E. Harris Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Hart Mr. William A. Hart Miss Daryl Hartshorne Mrs. John B. Hawkins Dr. Molly Tan Hayden Dr. and Mrs. George Hayes Mr. Walter G. Hayes Dr. and Mrs. Robert E. Haynes Mr. Thomas B. Haynes Mr. and Mrs. John F. Hayward Ms. Gwen T. Head Ms. Sharon Hearn Mr. John S. Hege Dr. G. H. Heidorn Ms. Bertha Heilbut Dr. Ira Helfand Ms. Ruth B. Heller Dr. Richard M. Hellman Dr. Ellen C. Henry Dr. J. Robert Herdt Dr. John C. Herion Ms. Catherine Herman Ms. Judith I. Herman Mr. George H. Hess Drs. Jonathan and Jo Caro Hiatt Ms. Mary L. Hiatt Mr. Mark Christopher Hillard Mr. Bjorn Hilt Dr. and Mrs. Larry Hirons Mr. John Hirschi Dr. Thomas Hobbins Prof. and Mrs. Richard Hocking Dr. and Mrs. Alan Hoffman Mr. Douglas Holdridge Mr. John L. Holland Dr. Stephen P. Hollenberg Dr. Frederick O. Holley Mr. Irving Hollingshead Mr. Dewitt Hornor Dr. Peter Hotez Mr. Bruce Houghton Ms. Mary T. Houghton Ms. Marge Howard-Jones Ms. Ruth M. Howland Mr. and Mrs. Eliot Hubbard Dr. Cherry Huen Ms. Margaret C. Hull Ms. Helen M. Hunt Mr. and Ms. Robert and S. Hutchins Ms. Lois J. Irwin Mr. John Ivy Dr. David M. Jackson Dr. and Mrs. James Jackson Mr. Eliot Jacobson

Dr. and Ms. Harold Lischner Dr. Burton F. Jaffe Mrs. Eric Livingston Lenny Joblove Ms. Robin Lloyd Dr. M. L. Johnson Dr. Robert B. Loftfield Mr. Charles R. Johnson Dr. Varden J. Loganbill Ms. Sally S. Johnson Norwood and Joanna Long Dr. Robert H. Jones Dr. Kathleen Long Mrs. Beatrice Jones Ms. Julie A. Long Dr. Peter G. Joseph Mr. James B. Longley Mr. Collin Kaeder Ms. Rachel S. Lord Dr. Henry S. Kahn Mr. John Loretz Mr. Robert L. Kahn Dr. Benjamin Lounsbury Dr. James G. Kane Mr. Allen P. Lovejoy Dr. John P. Kane Ms. Elizabeth S. Lowell Mr. and Mrs. Norman Kaplan Dr. and Mrs. Bernard Lown Mr. and Ms. Charles Kaplan Mr. Waldo B. Lyon Ms. June Kapp Mr. and Mrs. J. J. Maguire Mr. and Mrs. Martin Karcher Dr. David Major Mr. Michael J. Karels Mr. and Mrs. George Manglitz Dr. Joel S. Karliner Dr. John Mann Mrs. Peggy Kaus C. D. Manwaring Mr. Nick Kazan Dr. Yolanda Mapp Mr. and Mrs. Garnett Keith Mrs. Marian March Mr. Chester Z. Keller Ms. Ann M. Markin Dr. Karen R. Kelley Mr. George E. Martin Ms. Alice Kenner Mrs. Ralston Matheny Mr. Charles L. Kerstein Mr. David Matherly Mr. and Mrs. George Kidder Mr. Kazuo Matsui Dr. Charles King Miss Helen Mattin Ms. Mary H. King Dr. and Mrs. Irving Mauss Dr. and Mrs. Henry Kingdon Dr. Patrick R. Maveety Dr. Frank H. Kirchner Mr. David Mayer Mrs. Rhea Kish Mr. Peter J. Mayer Dr. Judith Ann Klein Mrs. Violet McCandlish Mr. Douglas Kline Mr. and Mrs. William McCarthy Mrs. Lois A. Klingeman Mary McCord Mr. and Mrs. Erwin Klingsberg Ms. Anita M. McCullough Dr. Hilda Knobloch Dr. and Mrs. J. W. Kohl Dr. Jean G. Kohn Dr. Lorrin M. Koran Dr. Frederick J. Kottke Ms. Helen Kowtaluk Dr. Meit Krakau Mr. Ronald Krone Dr. James B. Lam Mrs. A. Bodine Lamont Dr. Sharon Langendoerfer Dr. Carol A. Langford Ms. Ruth P. Lanier Dr. Katherine A. LaPierre Dr. Andrew B. Larkin Mr. and Mrs. Leo Laskoff IPPNW-Israel, participants fom Arab andIsraeli Ms. Marta Jo Lawrence cities, and members of the Arab and Israeli youth Mr. Gordon Lazerte movement under the Tent of Peace. Dr. Alexander Leaf (Photo: Lacko-Kertesz) Dr. Phyllis L. Leaman Ms. Harriet C. McDaniel Mr. Michael Lebowitz Mrs. Lois A. McEvoy Dr. Robert E. Lebson Dr. Donna L. McFadden Dr. Jerry E. LeClaire Dr. and Mrs. Robert McFarlane Mr. Marc E. Lee Mr. John McGeachy Dr. Cavin P. Leeman Mr. William G. McGehee Mr. Thomas E. Leggat Ms. Priscilla McMullen Mr. Thomas Lehrer Mrs. Joseph Meara Mr. H. D. Leighty Ms. Elizabeth G. Meirs Dr. Jacob Lemann Ms. Barbara Meislin Dr. Michael S. Levine Mrs. Stephanie Mendel Ms. Judith T. Levitan Prof. Frederick A.O. Mendelsohn Dr. Albert Levy Dr. Roy W. Menninger Mr. Philip Levy Ms. Mira Menon Drs. Michael and Marcia Liepman Mr. Nicholas Meyer Ms. Yvonne S. Lifshutz Dr. Hildy B. Meyers Mr. Richard Limbursky Dr. Lillian L. Meyers Mr. Walter Lindley Ms. Dee Ann Mezger Dr. Robin Line Ms. Ann Michalek Dr. Deborah Link

13

Dr. Marilynn Miles Mr. and Mrs. Ward Miles Dr. and Mrs. Randel Miller Dr. Cynthia H. Miller Dr. Douglas Miller Dr. Ira L. Mintz Mrs. Ruth Mitchell Mrs. Harriet L. Moeller Mr. David Moir Dr. Mark D. Monson Jean and Kyra Montagu Mr. Eugene C. Montgomery Ms. Helen Moore Mr. William Morewood Dr. W. A. Morgan Mr. Richard G. Morris Mr. William Morton Dr. and Mrs. Artus M. Moser Jr. Mr. Fallon M. Moursund Mr. Wing-Ar Moy Ms. Margaret Mudd Mr. Arata Mukoyama Dr. Linda Mulka Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Mulligan Dr. John G. Mulrooney Mr. Murray L. Nathan Mr. and Mrs. Rex V. Naylor Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Neff Mr. Albert Neilson Dr. Bill M. Nelson Dr. Virginia Simson Nelson Mr. and Mrs. Richard Nelson Ms. Mary S. Neuendorf Amy R. Newell Ms. Margaret Newell Mr. John K. Newlin Mrs. Dadi W. Noeggerath Dr. Theodore Noehren Dr. and Mrs. Herman Noether Robert and Liane Norman Ms. Genevieve Nowlin Mrs. Patricia Harris Noyes Mr. Rudi H. Nussbaum Dr. Harold Oaklander Dr. Thomas A. Oas Mr. W. H. Oberteuffer Mr. Richard J. O'Brien Mr. Geoffrey A. Oelsner Jr. Mr. Nicholas D. Ohly Ms. Sachiyo Oki Mrs. Richardson B. Okie Mr. Jonathan Oldfather Ms. Mary L. Olmsted Ms. Helen Olson Dr. and Mrs. Silvio J. Onesti Ms. Helene Oppenheimer Mr. David G. Opstad Ms. Anne M. Orton Dr. June E. Osborn Mr. Andy Osgood Ms. Edith Oxfeld Dr. John A. Paar Mr. and Mrs. Edward Page Dr. and Mrs. Jack L. Paradise Mr. Jeffrey Parker Dr. Roy G. Parrish Dr. Victor Parsonnet Dr. and Mrs. John and Marilyn Pastore Ms. Lucile B. Patrick Mr. Jeffrey J. Patterson Dr. Oglesby Paul Ms. Barbara B. Pearson Dr. Harris Peck Mr. Robert M. Pennoyer

14

Dr. William E. Perkins Dr. Eugene Perrin Dr. Susan B. Perry Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Perry Dr. Robert A. Petersen Mr. Daniel W. Pettengill Dr. Thomas C. Piemonte Ms. Jade Pier Dr. John Pierce Dr. Richard N. Pierson Jr. Dr. William Pletcher

IPPNW Founding Co-President Dr. Bernard Lown celebrating his 80th birthday. (Photo: Mark Ostow, courtesy Lown Cardiovascular Foundation)

Dr. Laura Popper Mr. Neal Potter Dr. Robert V. Powell Dr. William D. Powlis Dr. Henry J. Powsner Dr. Thomas G. Pretlow II. Dr. Lawrence M. Probes Stuart and Helen Probts-Mills Dr. Marianne N. Prout Miss Marion N. Purcell Dr. Daniel Quinn Dr. Anna T. Rand Mr. Habib Rathle Mrs. Betty Rauch Dr. Maureen Reed Ms. Doris E. Reed Ms. Karen Reibstein Dr. Robert S. Reich Dr. Janet M. Reuter Mr. Randall W. Reyer Mr. Warren Reynolds Dr. J. W. Reynolds Mr. Lee Ricketts Mr. Thomas Ridgway Jr. Dr. Patti Rippon Dr. Frederick C. Robbins Dr. Fred F. Roberts Dr. Joseph Y. Roberts Dr. Dwight and Margaret R. Robinson Dr. Alexander Rodarte Felix Rogers D.O. Ms. Miriam Rosen Dr. Wilhelm F. Rosenblatt Mr. and Mrs. Michael Rosenblatt Dr. Else Ross Mr. and Mrs. Bob Roth Mr. and Mrs. A. Frank Rothschild Dr. Lily Ruckstuhl Dr. David Rudolph Ms. Barbara J. Rugg Dr. David Rush Mr. Lewis S. Russell

Mr. Robert W. Sager Clarence and Donna Sampson Dr. Beverly A. Sansone Dr. Joanna Santa Barbara Ms. Betty L. Sargent Dr. Adaline P. Satterthwaite Mr. and Mrs. Robert Schacht Ms. Shelley Schanfield Mr. Paul F. Schendel Dr. Alfred Q. Scheuer Dr. and Mrs. Karl and Gloria Schlaepfer Ms. Carol Schlank Dr. David Schneider Mr. Peter Schoenburg Drs. David and Cynthia Schraer W. W. Schray Dr. Anne E. Schutter Mrs. Hilton Schwartz Mr. Bill Scull Dr. Adolph Segal Mr. and Mrs. Martin Seltman Dr. and Mrs. John W. Severinghaus Dr. Joseph M. Shaeffer Ms. Sarah L. Shafer Mr. Thomas H. Shake Ms. Maxine C. Shannon Dr. Howard Shapiro Mr. Joel Shapiro Ms. Gerry Shapiro Dr. Virginia T. Sherr Dr. John Judd Shields Mr. Lloyd G. Shore Dr. and Mrs. Victor Sidel Mr. David P. Siegel Dr. and Mrs. Daniel Simon Mrs. J. Sitterson Mr. Murali Sivarajan Mr. Willard E. Skidmore Dr. and Mrs. Alec Skolnick Mr. Jeffrey Sloss Mr. Michael Sluss Mr. Haskell B. Small Mr. Donald C. Smart Mr. Emmons E. Smith Mrs. Elaine L. Smith Mr. and Mrs. Elias Snitzer Ms. Katherine Sommers Dr. Herman Spanjaard Dr. Paul Spearman Dr. R. Lawrence St Clair Dr. Anne G. St. Goar Dr. Jud A. Staller Dr. and Mrs. Fredrick J. Stare Mr. and Mrs. Gordon M. Stevenson Jr. Mr. Shaler Stidham Ms. Caroline S. Stilwell Mr. Mark M. Stokes Dr. Rob Stone Mr. and Mrs. Jon and Monica Stone Lise and Myles Striar Mr. Thomas D. Swift Ms. Alice C. Swift Mr. and Mrs. Marvin Tableman Mr. and Mrs. Norman C. Tanner Mr. John S. Tappeiner Mr. Alvin Taurog Dr. and Mrs. W. Jape Taylor Ms. Ethel Taylor Ms. Joan Taylor Mr. Richard E. Teets Dr. Jonathan M. Teich Ms. Sylvia B. Temmer Dr. Peter B. Terry

Mr. Frederick H. Test Ms. Dorothy H. Therman Dr. Norman D. Thetford Dr. David Thies Mrs. Florence Thomases Mr. Ross A. Thompson Mr. Sidney Tobinick Mr. James Traver Ms. Janice L. Trecker Dr. Jim Trombold Ms. Verity W. Truby Dr. David M. Turner Dr. John W. G. Tuthill Ms. Frances K. Tyson Ms. Karen K. Uhlenbeck Ms. Elsie P. van Buren Mr. James F. VanDam Ms. Carolyn VanSant Dr. and Ms. Richard VanSlyke Mr. Daniel Vapnek Dr. Antonio R. Velasco Dr. Corazon A. Veza Mr. Philippe Villers Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Vinick Dr. Paul Von Oeyen Mrs. John O. Vonhemert Mr. Roger Vrilakas Mr. Donald and Eunice A. Waggoner Ms. Esther C. Wagner Dr. R. O. Waiton Dr. and Mrs. John A. Walker Ms. Naidene Waller Mrs. Mary W. Walsh Mr. Paul W. Walter Jr. Mr. and Ms. Arthur Wang Dr. Barbara H. Warren Dr. Stafford Warren Dr. Alan A. Wartenberg Mr. Richard F. Watt Dr. Malcolm S. M. Watts Mr. James B. Weaver Mr. Lawrence W. N. Weber Mr. and Ms. Richard Weeden Dr. Joan H. Weens Mr. Benjamin H. Weese Dr. and Mr. Marie and Warren Weinstein Mr. L. Randall Weisberg Mr. Victor K. Weisberger Rabbi Richard Weiss D.D., M.S. Ms. Ethel Wells Dr. and Mrs. Michael Wenzler Mrs. Martha H. West Dr. Mary Wheat Dr. H. Brownell Wheeler Dr. Robert E. White Dr. Timothy F. Whiteside Mrs. Cynthia Williams

Drs. Ira Helfand and John Pastore speaking with Washington Post columnist Mary McGrory at IPPNW Press Briefing. (Photo: Allison Howard-IPPNW)

IPPNW Annual Report 2001

Member of IPPNW’s Circle of Sustainers Dr. Lawrence Egbert with family. Dr.

William L. Wilson Dr. Gordon Winchell Ms. Roswitha M. Winsor Dr. Thomas H. Winters Mary P. Wise Mr. Jeremy Wise Mr. Newell Witherspoon Mrs. B. E. Witkin Mr. Donald Wladaver Dr. Judith Wofsy Mr. and Mrs. Ralph S Wolfe Mr. Robert R. Wolfe Dr. Warren F. Wong Ms. Elizabeth Wood Ms. Helen Wood Mr. and Mrs. Robert Worth Mr. James Worth Mary Wrigley Mr. Craig R. Wulf Mr. Tobias Yarmolinsky Mr. Michael Yarus Ms. Janet Yoder Dr. Takashi Yokoyama Mr. Peter Zheutlin

Circle of Sustainers Dr. Elaine Allen Mr. and Mrs. Al Atkinson Mr. Burton C. Baker Dr. Frederick B. Berrien Ms. Susan H. Bingham Mrs. Freda Birnbaum Ms. Donna D. Bischoff Dr. Margaret Brenman-Gibson Ms. Mary Brock Mr. Phillip Brownell Mr. Carleton F. Bryant Jr. Mr. John Burton Ms. Patricia Carmody Mr. John Comella Mrs Dorothy K. Cinquemani Dr. and Mrs. James R. Clark Rev. R. J. Conrad Mr. William P. Cooke Ms. Eliza Critchlow Ms. Marla Crites Dr. Leah D. Dick Dr. Lawrence D. Egbert Drs. David and Monica Eisenbud Mr. Richard Emanuel Mr. Richard L. Endres Mrs. Marion W. Engelke Ms. Elizabeth S. Fernandez Dr. Paul R. Fisher Ms. Gertrude H. Folliott Mrs. Faith F. Forbes Mrs. Barbara Freitas Mr. Robert Gales Ms. Nancy Gillipsie Marjorie Glenney Mr. Wilfred M. Good IPPNW Annual Report 2001

Mr. James Grunbaum Mrs. Louise Guhl Mr. Fred Gusz Mr. Karl Guttmann Mr. Mark Hamersly Ms. Roberta N. Hipolito Mr. Joel A. Huberman Mr. and Mrs. Hugh M. Kahler Dr. Julius A. Kaplan Mr. Stanley Koval Mr. William Kohl My. Norman Kunkel Dr. James Lanier Ms. Arlette Lawyer Dr. Susanne Learmonth Ms. Paula Leveck Mr. Howard Levene Ms. Nancy Lovejoy Dr. Nancy R. Lund Dr. and Mrs. Appleton Mason Mr. George E. Massey Ms. Helen K. Matthews Mr. John F. Mattingly Ms. Christine E. McCormick Ms. Mary McCoy Ms. Patricia A. McHugh Dr. Helmut W. Meisl Dr. Michael Mercado Ms. Susan F. Messinger Ms. Elizabeth B. Miles Ms. Virginia J. Miller Dr. G. H. Miller Mr. and Ms. Morse Dr. Michael Oldmeadow Mr. Stephen W. Osborn Dr. and Mrs. Marvin Osman Dr. Elizabeth Rablen Dr. C. C. Reeck Ms. Helen Reiner Dr. Robert A. Resnik Mrs. Nena Riegger Ms. Edith Rostas Mr. Ira Samuels Dr. John E. Sandgren Mr. Kenneth Schwartz Mr Dixon Sheldon Dr. John Solters Dr Muriel Sugarman Ms. Carol Tomlinson Mrs. Evelyn Trageser R.N. Ms. Elsie Trigg K. E. Van Holde Ms. Jeanette Velgo Mr. Alton Wasson Mr. and Mrs. William Winnegar Mr. Hiram Wolch Ms. Mary Wolfe

MPI Supporters Compton Foundation US Senator Alan Cranston Global Resource Action Center for the Environment Global Security Institute Kitty Kallen Granoff John Merck Fund Nuclear Age Peace Foundation Physicians for Global Survival (Canada) Samuel Rubin Foundation Simons Foundation

Affiliates We want to recognize the following IPPNW National Affiliates for their extraordinary support this past year: Australia – Medical Association for Prevention of War Canada – Physicians for Global Survival Demark – Danske Læger Mod Kernevåben Finland – Finland Lääkärin sosiaalinen vastuu France – Association Des Medecins Francais Pour La Prevention de la Guerre Nucleaire Germany – International Artze fur die Verhutung des Atomkrieges/ Arzte in sozialer Verantwortung Japan – Japanese Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War The Netherlands – Nederlandse Vereniging voor Medische Polemologie New Zealand – IPPNW-New Zealand Norway – Norske Leger mot Atomvåpen Sweden – Svenska Läkare mot Kärnvapen United Kingdom – Medact United States – Physicians for Social Responsibility

International Agencies Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT) Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DANIDA)

Legacies and Bequests Each year, a number of our supporters are kind enough to remember IPPNW in their wills. Will provisions in the form of cash legacies or bequests of property are crucial to IPPNW ’s financial future. Below, we would like to acknowledge the bequests we received during the 2001 fiscal year. Estate of Kurt and Alice Bergel Estate of Francis L. Coleman Estate of Alice A. Lazerowitz Estate of John E. Swisher Estate of Dale R. Wietholter, MD IPPNW will honor their memory through its unceasing efforts to eliminate nuclear weapons and build a world of health and peace.

(Photo: Lynn Martin-IPPNW)

Planned Gifts Individuals who provide for IPPNW in their estate plans help to ensure that futur e generations will live in a more peaceful world. The philanthropic support of dedicated friends has helped to shape IPPNW into one of the world’s foremost peace organizations. By including IPPNW in your will, you can help ensure that our Nobel Peace Prize-winning activities around the globe will continue.

Foundations and Corporations Adobe Systems Incorporated Reed Smith LLP. Anne S. Howells Charitable Trust Crossroads Community Foundation Hedgebrook Foundation Jacob and Mollie Fishman Foundation Leighty Foundation Mendel Family Fund Peninsula Community Foundation Ploughshares Fund Poola Foundation Samuel Rubin Foundation Winchester Unitarian Society

For more information, contact:

Dr. Herman Spanjaard joins IPPNW’s Planned Giving Program as Michael Christ looks on. (Photo: Lynn Martin-IPPNW)

Kathleen Kilgore at 617-868-5050, x204 or e-mail [email protected]

15

Medical Students The IPPNW medical student movement is more cohesive and more organized than it has ever been thanks to the combined efforts of a cadre of medical student leaders from all parts of the world — especially the international representatives, Caecilie Buhmann (Denmark) and Ernest Guevarra (Philippines), and the regional representatives, Ahmed Geneid (Egypt), Munanga Mwandila (Zambia), Proochista Ariana (US), Ivona Iacob (Romania,) and Stanislava Macura (Yugoslavia) — working with Drs. Victor Sidel and Herman Spanjaard and Piji Protopsaltis of the Central Office staff. A three-day international meeting of IPPNW regional student representatives in March 2001 at Mt. Sinai Medical Center in New York, helped identify common challenges and opportunities for medical students engaged in the issues of war, peace, health, and justice. Medical student work is also being enhanced through a stronger relationship between the IPPNW medical student movement and the International Federation of Medical Students’ Associations (IFMSA). Anna Hellman of Sweden was IPPNW’s official representative to IFMSA. Julia Rannikko (Finland) has taken her place. Some highlights of medical student efforts over the past year include: ■

Student participation in the planning of the IPPNW small arms conference in Helsinki in September 2001. More than 20 medical students representing 10 countries attended the conference.

■

Active involvement in the Bombs Away campaign, a multi-faceted public education campaign by Physicians for Global Survival, IPPNW’s Canadian affiliate, against the proposed US missile defense system .

■

Regional medical student meetings in Europe.

■

Recruitment of new medical student activists in previously under-represented areas such as Latin America and the Middle East.

■

Development of a directory, database, and website specifically for IPPNW medical students.

■

Advancement of medical exchange and peace education projects.

MEDICAL STUDENT BOARD OF TRUSTEES Mary-Wynne Ashford, MD, Co-President Abraham Behar, MD, Co-President Lachlan Forrow, MD, Oganizing Committee of 2002 Washington Congress Victor Sidel, MD, Former Co-President Herman Spanjaard, MD, Regional Vice-President for Europe, Treasurer, IPPNW Board of Directors Michael Christ, Executive Director, Central Office Piji Protopsaltis, Medical Student Liaison, Central Office Proochista Ariana, Medical Student Representative, Organizing Committee of 2002 Washington Congress Caecilie Buhmann, Medical Student Representative, IPPNW Board of Directors Ernest Ryan Guevarra, Medical Student Representative, IPPNW Board of Directors

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Top to bottom: IPPNW Regional Student Representatives with members of Student PSR in New York City; Medical Student Representative to the Board Ernest Ryan Guevarra consults with opinion researcher Angus McAllister; IPPNW Student Representatives meeting with IPPNW leaders Drs. Victor Sidel and Herman Spanjaard. (Photos: Lynn Martin-IPPNW, Piji ProtopsaltisIPPNW)

IPPNW Selected for TNL “Voices of Vision” Series IPPNW has been honored by its selection as the subject for a half-hour television documentary produced by the Teaching Learning Network whose mission is to catalyze positive social change by telling compelling and inspiring stories of the nonprofit sector. The series is hosted by National Public Radio’s Scott Simon The program will focus on IPPNW ’s work to abolish nuclear weapons and will be broadcast on PBS stations in US cities and will reach millions. The program will be broadcast throughout our network of affiliates in 65 countries. Now in the development stages, we are seeking funding for this exciting program. Please contact Adrian Zupp at 617-8685050, x212 if you are interested in sponsoring this project.

IPPNW Annual Report 2001

About This Annual Report Cover illustration “Together We Can” by Vermont artist Bonnie Acker. Inside front cover photograph by Robert Del Tredici. Editorial coordination, design, and production by Lynn Martin.

IPPNW Journals Medicine and Global Survival Are you interested in learning more about the issues important to IPPNW? Medicine and Global Survival , a journal of IPPNW, is published biannually and covers IPPNW’s work as well as other issues of health crucial to our survival. Recent topics included:

Writing by Peter Zheutlin.

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The dangers of nuclear war with and without missile defenses;

Copy editing and proofreading by John Loretz and Adrian Zupp.

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The medical and public health response to bioterrorism;

Printed on recycled paper.

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The aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks;

Printed by Wave/Spectrum Graphics One Presidential Way Suite 109 Woburn, MA 01801 USA Tel: 781-935-1551 Fax: 781-935-1171

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How private military companies exacerbate armed conflict.

Copyright February 2002. Excerpts may be reprinted with proper credit to IPPNW. Please send us copies of reprinted material. International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War 727 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Medicine, Conflict and Survival Produced in Britain, Medicine, Conflict and Survival was designated an IPPNW journal in 1997. From its beginnings, it has shared IPPNW’s objectives, above all the prevention of nuclear war, but also preventing all war by focusing on the human costs of war and violence and understanding of biological and social causes of war. Recent topics: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Tel: 617-868-5050 Fax: 617-868-2560 E-mail: ippnwbos@ippnw. org

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Civilians and war; Globalization, refugees and health; Non-lethal weapons; Non-violent intervention in conflict; The future of the Biological Weapons Convention; The United Nations and the promotion of peace.

For ordering information, please contact Adrian Zupp at the Central Office — e-mail: [email protected]

Please visit us at www.ippnw.org

IPPNW Affiliates Argentina — Argentine Physicians and Health Professionals for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ Australia — Medical Association for the Prevention of War ■ Austria — Austrian Physicians Against Violence and Nuclear Danger ■ Bangladesh — Bangladesh Medical Association ■ Belarus — IPPNW Belarus ■ Belgium — Medical Association for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ Bolivia — Bolivian Physicians for Peace and the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ Bulgaria — National Committee of Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ Canada — Physicians for Global Survival ■ — China — Chinese Society of Radiological Medicine and Protection ■ Costa Rica — Doctors’ Organization Against Violence ■ Cuba — Cuban Medical Committee for Global Survival ■ Czech Republic — Physicians for Global Security ■ Denmark — Danish Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ Egypt — Egyptian Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ El Salvador — Salvadoran Physicians for Social Responsibility ■ Fiji — IPPNW Fiji Branch ■ Finland — Fi n n i s h Physicians for Social Responsibility ■ France — French Physicians Against Nuclear Weapons ■ Georgia — IPPNW Georgia ■ Germany — German Section of IPPNW ■ Greece — Greek Medical Association for the Protection of the Environment and Against Nuclear and Biochemical Threat ■ Guatemala — Association of Guatemalan Physicians and Scientists for the Prevention of War ■ Hungary — Hungarian Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ India — Indian Doctors for Peace and Development ■ Ireland — Irish Medical Campaign for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ Israel — Israeli Physicians for Peace and the Preservation of the Environment ■ Italy — Italian Medical Association for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ Japan — Japanese Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ Jordan — Jordan Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ Kazakhstan — Kazakh Association of IPPNW ■ Kenya — Kenyan Association of Physicians and Medical Workers for Social Responsibility ■ Korea, South (ROK) — Korean Physicians for Peace ■ Korea, North (DPRK) — Korean Anti-Nuclear Peace Physicians ■ Latvia — Latvian Committee of IPPNW ■ Madagascar — Association of Physicians of Madagascar for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ Malaysia — Malaysian Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ Mauritius — Mauritius Physicians and Social Group Against Nuclear War ■ Mexico — Mexican Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ Nepal — Physicians for Social Responsibility, Nepal ■ The Netherlands — Dutch Medical Association for Peace Research ■ New Zealand — IPPNW New Zealand Branch ■ Nicaragua — Nicaraguan Society of Physicians for Peace and Defense of Life ■ Nigeria — Society of Nigerian Doctors for the Welfare of Mankind ■ Norway — Norwegian Physicians Against Nuclear Weapons ■ Pakistan — Pakistani Doctors for Peace and Development ■ Palestine — Palestinian Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ The Philippines — Philippine Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ Poland — Polish Section of IPPNW ■ Portugal — Portuguese Medical Association for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ Romania — Romanian Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ Russia — Russian Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ Serbia — Physicians for Peace of Serbia ■ Spain — Spanish Medical Association for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ Sweden — Swedish Physicians Against Nuclear War ■ Switzerland — PSR/IPPNW Switzerland ■ Syria — Syrian Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ Turkey — Turkish Health Professionals for Peace and Environment and Against Nuclear Threat ■ Uganda — Ugandan Association of Medical Workers for Health and Environmental Concerns ■ Ukraine — Ukrainian Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■ United Kingdom — MEDACT ■ United States — Physicians for Social Responsibility ■ Uruguay — IPPNW-Uruguay ■ Zambia — Zambian Health Workers for Social Responsibility ■ Zimbabwe — Zimbabwe Health Workers for the Prevention of Nuclear War ■

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War 727 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

1985 Nobel Peace Prize