INTRODUCTORY EARTH SCIENCE ROCK AND MINERAL COLLECTION #KIT-8345 Minerals in the Scale of Hardness 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Talc Gypsum (alabaster) Calcite Fluorite Apatite Feldspar (microcline, pink) Quartz (milky) Beryl

Rocks exhibiting streak, luster, cleavage or fracture characteristics 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 47. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.

Onyx Spodumene Galena Chalcopyrite Magnetite Magnetite (Lodestone) Anorthosite Gypsum (Selenite) Gypsum (Satin Spar) Limonite Halite Chalcedony Barite Lepidolite Pyrite

Rock forming minerals 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.

Mica (Muscovite) Mica (Biotite) Dolomite Amphibole (Hornblende) Feldspar (Plagioclase) Olivine Pyroxene (Augite) Garnet Sulfur Graphite Schist

Ores of Metals and Non-Metals 33. Molybdenite 34. Quartz (Rose) 35. Bauxite 36. Pyrolusite 37. Malachite 38. Specular Hematite 39. Rhodinite

Igneous Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

40. Pumice 41. Scoria 42. Basalt 43. Rhyolite 44. Granite 45. Pegmatite 46. Diorite 47. Anorthosite 48. Tuff 49. Gabbro 50. Monzonite 51. Obsidian 52. Andesite 53. Trachyte

66. Amphibolite 67. Slate 68. Marble 69. Quartzite 70. Hornfels 71. Mica Schist 72. Chlorite Schist 73. Phyllite 74. Gneiss 75. Anthracite Coal

Sedimentary Rocks 54. Arkose 55. Fossiliferous Limestone 56. Bituminous Coal 57. Oolitic Limestone 58. Limestone 59. Calcareous Tufa 60. Travertine 61. Conglomerate 62. Shale 63. Breccia

64. Oil Shale 65. Sandstone

ACORN NATURALISTS (800) 422-8886 • FAX (800) 452-2802 • INTERNET www.acornnaturalists.com

1

50 STATE SPECIMEN COLLECTION #KIT-8343 STATE

SPECIMEN

TYPE

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

1. Alabama 2. Alaska 3. Arizona 4. Arkansas 5. California 6. Colorado 7. Connecticut 8. Delaware 9. Florida 10. Georgia 11. Hawaii 12. Idaho 13. Illinois 14. Indiana 15. Iowa 16. Kansas 17. Kentucky 18. Louisiana 19. Maine 20. Maryland 21. Mass 22. Michigan 23. Minnesota 24. Mississippi 25. Missouri 26. Montana 27. Nebraska 28. Nevada 29. New Hamp. 30. New Jersey 31. New Mexico 32. New York 33. N Carolina 34. N Dakota 35. Ohio 36. Oklahoma 37. Oregon 38. Pennsylvania 39. Rhode Island 40. S Carolina 41. S Dakota 42. Tennessee 43. Texas 44. Utah 45. Vermont 46. Virginia 47. Washington 48. W Virginia 49. Wisconsin 50. Wyoming

Bauxite Gold Ore Malachite Quartz Crystal Pumice Molybdenite Garnet Magnetite Shark Tooth Vertebrate Marble-pink Scoria Quartzite Fluorite Gypsum-Selenite Geode Limestone Bituminous Coal Anhydrite Tourmaline Gneiss White Granite Copper Specular Hematite Gypsum-Alabaster Galena Chlorite Agate Lead Zinc Ore Mica Slate Feldspar Calcite Beryl Shale Flint Barite Talc Anthracite Coal Quartz Kaolin Rose Quartz Sphalerite Sulfur Trilobite Marble-white Kyanite Petrified Wood Sandstone Red Granite Jade

Mineral Igneous Rock Mineral Mineral Igneous Rock Mineral Mineral Mineral Fossil Metamorphic Rock Igneous Rock Metamorphic Rock Mineral Mineral Mineral/Rock Sedimentary Rock Sedimentary Rock Mineral/Rock Mineral Metamorphic Rock Igneous Rock Native Mineral Mineral Mineral Mineral Mineral Mineral Minerals Mineral Metamorphic Rock Mineral Mineral Mineral Sedimentary Rock Mineral Mineral Mineral Metamorphic Rock Mineral Mineral Mineral Mineral Mineral Fossil arthropod Metamorphic Rock Mineral Fossil Sedimentary Rock Igneous Rock Mineral

Bauxite is an important ore of aluminum. Gold is often found in this volcanic rock. Malachite is an important ore of copper. Quartz forms beautiful six sided crystals. This porous rock will even float! This is the principle ore of molybdenum. Garnet is used as an abrasive and as a gem. Magnetite is an iron ore and is magnetic. This shark’s tooth is 12 million years old. Marble is used as a decorative stone and in statues. This porous rock is ejected from a volcano. Quartzite is a metamorphosed sandstone. Fluorite is the State Mineral of Illinois. This clear variety of gypsum is used to make plaster. Geode is designated as the State Rock. Limestone is used in the making of cement. Bituminous coal is an important energy source. Anhydrite is found in sedimentary rocks w/ limestone. Tourmaline is the State Mineral of Maine. Gneiss is common and is metamorphosed granite. A common rock used as dimension stone. Copper is used in electrical components or as an alloy. Hematite is an important iron ore mineral. Alabaster is used in sheet rock and plaster. State Mineral of Missouri and an important lead ore. Chlorite is a metamorphic rock found nationwide. Blue agate is the State Gem of Nebraska. Galena and Sphalerite are the minerals in this rock. Mica is used in electronic components. A metamorphosed shale and used as a building stone. Feldspar (potash) is used in the making of ceramics. Used to make cement and a rock forming mineral. The gem variety of Beryl is Emerald, the State Gem of NC. Shale is derived from hardened mud. Flint is the State Gem if Ohio. Barite rose is the State Stone of Oklahoma. Talc is also known as soapstone and used in carvings. Lustrous anthracite coal is commonly referred to as hard coal. Quartz is used for industrial sand for making glass. Used in ceramics, brick, and as a filler in paper. Rose Quartz is the State Gem of South Dakota. Sphalerite is an important ore of zinc. Sulfur is used in insecticides, paper, matches and explosives. This trilobite is 600 million years old. Marble is used as a decorative stone and in statues. Kyanite is used in spark plugs and refractory porcelains Petrified wood is the State Gem of Washington. Mined for industrial purposes and for glass. Red granite is the state rock of Wisconsin. Jade is the State Gem of Wyoming.

ACORN NATURALISTS (800) 422-8886 • FAX (800) 452-2802 • INTERNET www.acornnaturalists.com

2

ROCKS AND MINERALS OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES #KIT-8465 SPECIMEN

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

HARDNESS

Apatite Aragonite Argentite Asbestos (Chrysotile) Augite Autunite Azurite Barite Bauxite Beryl Biotite Borax Bornite Calcite Carnotite Cassiterite Chalcopyrite Chlorite Chrysocolla Cinnabar Copper Corundum Cryolite Cuprite Diamond Dolomite Epidote Fluorite Galena Garnet Gold Graphite Gypsum Halite Hematite Hornblende Ilmenite Kernite Kyanite

3.1-3.2 2.9 7.3 2.2 3.2-3.4 3.1-3.2 3.7 4.5 2.0-2.5 2.7-2.8 2.8-3.2 1.7 5 2.7 4.1 6.8-7 4.1-4.3 2.6-2.9 2.0-2.4 8.1 8.9 4 3 6 3.5 2.8 3.4 3.2 7.5 3.5-4 15-19 2.3 2.3 2.1 5.3 3.2 4.7 1.9 3.5-3.6

5 3½-4 2-2½ 2-5 5-6 2-2½ 3½-4 3-3½ 1-3 7½ -8 2½ -3 2-2½ 3 3 6-7 3½ -4 2-2½ 2-4 2½ 2½ -3 9 2½ 3½ -4 10 3½ -4 6-7 4 2½ 6½ -7½ 2½ -3 1-2 2 2½ 5½ -6½ 5-6 5½ -6 3 5-7

ACORN NATURALISTS (800) 422-8886 • FAX (800) 452-2802 • INTERNET www.acornnaturalists.com

3

NATURAL CRYSTAL COLLECTION #KIT-9299 SPECIMEN 1. Halite 2. Magnetite 3. Garnet 4. Apophyllite 5. Beryl (Aquamarine) 6. Apatite 7. Quartz 8. Corundum 9. Tourmaline 10. Aragonite 11. Arsenopyrite 12. Glauberite 13. Staurolite 14. Orthoclase (twin) 15. Amazonite

CRYSTAL SYSTEM

FORM

Isometric Isometric Isometric Tetragonal Hexagonal Hexagonal Hexagonal Hexagonal Hexagonal Orthorhombic Monoclinic Monoclinic Monoclinic Monoclinic Triclinic

Cube Octahedron Dodecahedron Prism & Pyramid Prism Prism & Dipyramid Prism & Rhombohedron Prism Prism & Pinacoid Prism & Pinacoid Prism & Pinacoid Prism & Pinacoid Prism & Pinacoid Prism & Pinacoid Prism & Pinacoid

ACORN NATURALISTS (800) 422-8886 • FAX (800) 452-2802 • INTERNET www.acornnaturalists.com

4

ROCK AND MINERAL SPECIMENS (2 EACH OF 25 DIFFERENT SPECIMENS) #KIT-434 ROCK AND MINERAL COLLECTION. Two each of 25 igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic specimens, identified by name and collection locale. Total of fifty 1-1/2", freshly split specimens. Perfect for introducing students to the basic principles of mineral formation and identification. Use with streak plates and scratch plates to characterize each specimen. Quality geology starter collection. Grades 5-12. #KIT- 434. PLEASE NOTE: The rock and mineral specimens included in this kit do not contain all of the specimens listed below, but specimens were selected from this list in order to aid you in classification of the specimens. Due to the variable nature of the specimens in each kit, occasionally specimens are included that are not on this list. IGNEOUS SPECIMENS

SEDIMENTARY SPECIMENS

METAMORPHIC SPECIMENS

Andesite Basalt Diabase Diorite Gabbro Obsidian Pegmatite Pumice Ryolite Scoria Syenite Granite

Breccia Conglomerate Coquina Limestone Sandstone Shale Travertine Dolomite

Anthracite Chlorite schist Coal Mica schist Marble Slate Quartzite Phyllite

ACORN NATURALISTS (800) 422-8886 • FAX (800) 452-2802 • INTERNET www.acornnaturalists.com

5

IDENTIFYING ROCKS AND MINERALS USING HARDNESS CHARACTERISTICS (SCALE OF HARDNESS, WITHOUT DIAMOND) #KIT-6397 SPECIMEN TALC GYPSUM CALCITE FLUORITE APATITE FELDSPAR QUARTZ BERYL CORUNDUM

HARDNESS NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

ACORN NATURALISTS (800) 422-8886 • FAX (800) 452-2802 • INTERNET www.acornnaturalists.com

6

IDENTIFYING ROCKS AND MINERALS USING HARDNESS MINERAL CHARACTERISTICS (SCALE OF HARDNESS, WITH DIAMOND) #KIT-8337 SPECIMEN TALC GYPSUM CALCITE FLUORITE APATITE FELDSPAR QUARTZ BERYL CORUNDUM DIAMOND

HARDNESS NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ACORN NATURALISTS (800) 422-8886 • FAX (800) 452-2802 • INTERNET www.acornnaturalists.com

7

IDENTIFYING ROCKS AND MINERALS USING STREAK CHARACTERISTICS #KIT-6399

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

SPECIMEN

STREAK COLOR

SPECULAR HEMATITE GRAPHITE PYRITE SIDERITE MAGNETITE HEMATITE LIMONITE GALENA

RED/ BROWN BLACK GREEN/ BLACK BROWN BLACK RED/ BROWN YELLOW/ BROWN BLACK

ACORN NATURALISTS (800) 422-8886 • FAX (800) 452-2802 • INTERNET www.acornnaturalists.com

8

IDENTIFYING ROCKS AND MINERALS USING CLEAVAGE PATTERNS #KIT-8338

SPECIMEN

CLEAVAGE PATTERN

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Pinacoidal Prismatic Pinacoidal Prismatic Rhombohedral Cubic

MUSCOVITE FELDSPAR BIOTITE SPODUMENE CALCITE HALITE

ACORN NATURALISTS (800) 422-8886 • FAX (800) 452-2802 • INTERNET www.acornnaturalists.com

9

IDENTIFYING ROCKS AND MINERALS USING FRACTURE PATTERNS #KIT-8339 SPECIMEN

FRACTURE PATTERN

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Conchoidal Uneven Uneven Hackly Splintery Conchoidal

OBSIDIAN JASPER CHERT MAGNETITE SATIN SPAR GYPSUM QUARTZ

ACORN NATURALISTS (800) 422-8886 • FAX (800) 452-2802 • INTERNET www.acornnaturalists.com

10

IDENTIFYING ROCKS AND MINERALS USING LUSTER CHARACTERISTICS #KIT-8340 METALLIC SPECIMENS 1. Galena 2. Magnetite 3. Pyrite

Metallic Dull Metallic Metallic

NON-METALLIC SPECIMENS 4. Milky Quartz 5. Sulfur 6. Microcline Feldspar 7. Yellow Quartz 8. Nepheline 9. Lepidolite 10. Calcite 11. Muscovite 12. Chalcedony 13. Satin spar gypsum 14. Alabaster gypsum 15. Quartz crystal

Vitreous Resinous to greasy Vitreous to pearly Vitreous Greasy to pearly Vitreous to pearly Subvitreous to vitreous Vitreous to pearly Waxy to dull Silky Dull to earthy Adamantine

ACORN NATURALISTS (800) 422-8886 • FAX (800) 452-2802 • INTERNET www.acornnaturalists.com

11

IDENTIFYING ROCKS AND MINERALS USING TENACITY CHARACTERISTICS #KIT-8341

SPECIMEN

TENACITY CHACTERISTICS

1. SULFUR

BRITTLE (Breaks or powders easily)

2 COPPER

MALLEABLE (Can be hammered into thin sheets) AND DUCTILE (Can be stretched without breaking)

3. SELENITE

SECTILE (Can be cut with a knife)

4. TALC

SECTILE (Can be cut with a knife)

5. MUSCOVITE

ELASTIC (Can be bent; will return to its original shape after release of stress)

6. BIOTITE

ELASTIC

ACORN NATURALISTS (800) 422-8886 • FAX (800) 452-2802 • INTERNET www.acornnaturalists.com

12

IDENTIFYING ROCKS AND MINERALS USING COLOR CHARACTERISTICS #KIT-9527 SPECIMEN

COLOR

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

white colorless green brass-yellow yellow black green black red

Quartz (Milky) Gypsum (Selenite) Malachite Pyrite Sulfur Pyrolusite Serpentine Magnetite Hematite

10. Limonite 11. Quartz variety Rose (Titanium) 12. Feldspar variety Amazonite (Iron) 13. Amethyst (Iron) 14. Quartz variety Jasper (Quartz, Hematite) 15. Halite

yellow-brown pink green purple red to yellow pink

ACORN NATURALISTS (800) 422-8886 • FAX (800) 452-2802 • INTERNET www.acornnaturalists.com

13

MINERAL IDENTIFICATION USING MINERAL SORT KEYS (Sort key mineral identification kit, #KIT-9282)

1. MILKY QUARTZ 2. MICROCLINE FELDSPAR 3. MUSCOVITE MICA 4. BIOTITE MICA 5. CALCITE 6. HORNBLENDE 7. GYPSUM (SELENITE) 8. TALC 9. GRAPHITE 10. HEMATITE 11. FLUORITE 12. SULFUR 13. LIMONITE 14. NEPHELINE 15. ROSE QUARTZ 16. BARITE 17. CHALCOPYRITE 18. GALENA 19. PYRITE 20. MAGNETITE

ACORN NATURALISTS (800) 422-8886 • FAX (800) 452-2802 • INTERNET www.acornnaturalists.com

14

ROCK AND MINERAL COMPONENTS OF THE SOIL FORMATION KIT (The composition of soils, #KIT-6388) 1. QUARTZ- The most common mineral in most soils and most resistant to decomposition. 2. FELDSPAR- This represents a large family of minerals that are readily decomposed and altered to form clays. 3. MICA- Mica is an accessory mineral in granites, and quickly breaks down to form clay and silt-sized particles. 4. HORNBLENDE- This represents the amphibole family of minerals, which are major constituents of granite. 5. GRANITE- A rock which may be composed of a combination of the above minerals. 6. DISINTEGRATED GRANITE- A granite which has been subjected to weathering. 7. LIMESTONE- A sedimentary rock composed of calcium carbonate, which is an important constituent of soils. 8. SANDSTONE- A sedimentary rock, predominantly composed of quartz particles. 9. ARKOSE- A sedimentary rock comprised of feldspar and other granitic fragments. 10. SHALE- A sedimentary rock composed of well sorted clay sized particles. 11. SAND- More or less uniform particles, primarily quartz, sorted by stream, wind or ocean action. 12. SANDY SOIL- A soil predominantly of sand particles but containing usually some silt and clay. 13. LOAM SOIL (TOP SOIL)- A soil which is a mixture of sand, silt, clay and organic matter, often containing as much as 50% silt. 14. SUBSOIL- A soil composed of weathered parent material, silt and clay. 15. PEAT- Organic material which accumulates in bogs and may eventually become a part of soils.

ACORN NATURALISTS (800) 422-8886 • FAX (800) 452-2802 • INTERNET www.acornnaturalists.com

15

METHODS OF FOSSILIZATION COLLECTION #KIT-9298 CARBON FILM: The result of the breakdown of organic materials and the subsequent deposition of the resulting carbon. 1. Plant

Alethopteris serlii

Pennsylvania Period

Pennsylvania

PERMINERALIZATION: The fossilization process in which the pore spaces of an organism are filled with a mineral. 2. Plant 3. Vertebrata

Petrified Wood Dinosaur Bone

Jurassic Period Jurassic Period

Wyoming Colorado

REPLACEMENT: The process in which the organic material of an organism is replaced by a mineral. 4. Pelecypoda (calcite) 5. Gastropoda (silica-agate) 6. Coelenterata (calcite) 7. Plant (silica) 8. Gastropoda (calcite) 9. Cephalopoda (limonite) 10. Echinodermata (calcite)

unidentified oyster Turritella sp. Horn coral Algae unidentified Goniatite sp. Crinoid stem

Cretaceous Period Eocene Epoch Pennsylvanian Period Cretaceous Period Mesozoic Era Jurassic Period Silurian

Oklahoma Wyoming Oklahoma Wyoming Mexico MOROCCO Oklahoma

CAST: The result of the naturally filling in of a mold after breakdown of an organism. 11. Pelecypoda & Gastropoda mixed species

Paleocene Epoch

Texas

MOLD: An impression left in the host rock by an organism. 12. Brachiopoda

Compostia sp.

Pennsylvanian Period Kansas

SIMPLE BURIAL: The burial of an organism with no alteration of the hard parts. 13. Vertebrata 14. Pelecypoda 15. Chordata

Unidentified bone Chione cancellata Shark Tooth

Miocene Epoch Pliocene Epoch Miocene Epoch

MOROCCO Florida Florida

ACORN NATURALISTS (800) 422-8886 • FAX (800) 452-2802 • INTERNET www.acornnaturalists.com

16

INTRODUCTORY FOSSIL COLLECTION #KIT-8335 Phylum

Class

Genus or common name

Era or epoch

Location

Mollusca Mollusca

Gastropoda Pelecypoda

Turritella sp. Chione Cancellata

Eocene Epoch Miocene Epoch

Wyoming Florida

Mollusca Mollusca

Gastropoda Pelecypoda

mixed species Texigryphea sp.

Mesozoic Era Cretaceous Period

Mexico Oklahoma

Vertebrata Cnidaria

Chondrichthyes Anthozoa

shark tooth Tabullophyllum sp.

Miocene Epoch Mississippian Period

Florida Utah

Echinodermata Crinoidea Brachiopoda Articulate

crinoid stem Atrypa sp.

Silurian Period Early Paleozoic

Oklahoma CHINA

Brachiopoda Mollusca

Articulate Cephalopoda

mixed species Goniatite sp.

Pennsylvanian Period Mesozoic Era

Oklahoma MOROCCO

Vertebrata Cnidaria

Reptilia Bryozoa

dinosaur bone Archemides sp.

Jurassic Period Mississippian Period

Utah Alabama

Cnidaria Tracheophyta

Bryozoa Gymnospermopsida

mixed species petrified wood

Pennsylvanian Period Triassic Period

Texas Colorado

Cnidaria

Anthozoa

mixed species

Pennsylvania Period

Oklahoma

ACORN NATURALISTS (800) 422-8886 • FAX (800) 452-2802 • INTERNET www.acornnaturalists.com

17

ADVANCED FOSSIL COLLECTION #KIT-9529 Kingdom

Phylum

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

Porifera — Girtycoelia beedei Pennsylvanian Mollusca Pelecypoda Nuculopsis gertyi Pennsylvanian Coelenterata Anthozoa Astrocoenia sp. Jurassic Mollusca Gastropoda Trepospiria illinoiensis Pennsylvanian Brachiopoda Articulate Mucrospirifer sp. Devonian Brachiopoda Articulate Cleiothyridina sp. Pennsylvanian Mollusca Pelecypoda Chione cancellata Tertiary Echinodermata Crinoidea crinoid cup plates Pennsylvanian Bryozoa — Rhombopora sp. Pennsylvanian Echinodermata Crinoidea unidentified crinoid Pennsylvanian Tracheophyta Phyllicopsida Aleopthopris sp. Pennsylvanian Vertebrata Mammalia Coryphodon sp. Tertiary Protozoa — Triticites sp. Permian Bryozoa — Fistulapora sp. Ordovician Vertebrata Chondrichthyes Carcharhinus sp. Tertiary Mollusca Gastropoda Glaubrocingulum sp. Pennsylvanian Coelenterata Anthozoa Tabullophylum sp. Mississippian Mollusca Cephalopoda Ammonite sp. Devonian Mollusca Gastropoda Admetopsis subfusiformis Cretaceous Brachiopoda Articulate Composita sp. Pennsylvanian Mollusca Pelecypoda Anadara sp. Tertiary Vertebrata Chondrichthyes sting ray Tertiary Vertebrata Reptelia dinosaur bone Jurassic Arthropoda Trilobita Elrathia kingi Cambrian Mollusca Cephalopoda Goniatites sp. Devonian Brachiopoda Articulate Chonetes granulifer Pennsylvanian Mollusca Pelecypoda Illymatogyra arientina Cretaceous Cyanophyta — unidentified algae Cretaceous Echinodermata Blastoidea Pentrimites sp. Mississippian Trachiophyta Gynmospermopsida petrified wood Triassic

Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Plant Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Plant Animal Plant

Class

Genus and species

Period

Formation

Location

Graham Wise Co, TX Wildhorse Osage Co, OK Swift Carbon Co, MT Wildhorse Osage Co, OK Widder Thedford, ON Wewoka Hughes Co, OK Caloosahatchee Florida — Pontotac Co,Ok — Oklahoma — Oklahoma — Pennsylvania — Wyoming Foraker Saliyards, KS Viola Pontotac Co,Ok Miocene Florida Wewonka Hughes Co, OK — Utah — MOROCCO Tropic Utah — Tulsa Co, OK Caloosahatchee Florida — Venus Beach,Fl — Utah Wheeler Millard Co, UT — MOROCCO Francis Pontotac Co,Ok Woodbine Marshall Co,Tx — Wyoming — Oklahoma — Wyoming

ACORN NATURALISTS (800) 422-8886 • FAX (800) 452-2802 • INTERNET www.acornnaturalists.com

18