Introduction to Physical Science Outline -SI units, derived units -metric conversion and conversion factors -lab setup -senses and technology -accuracy vs. precision -% error, difference

Chapters 1 + 2

-sig figs and scientific notation -functions and graphing -components of matter -phases -chemical vs. physical change -elements and the periodic table, metals, nonmetals

Metric Units: Le Système International d'Unités (SI) SI Units Symbol Length L Mass m Time t Temperature T Amount of substance n Electric current I Luminous intensity Iv (Some derived units) Area A Volume V Density D Molar mass M Concentration c

Unit metre kilogram second kelvin mole ampere candela

Unit Abbreviation

square meter cubic metre grams per cubic cm grams per mole moles per litre

p.34 (There are only 7 SI units)

(l x w) (l x w x h) (mass ÷ vol) (mass ÷ mol) (mol ÷ vol)

SI Prefixes Name tera giga mega kilo hecto deca base deci centi milli micro nano pico

Symbol

Meaning 1012 1 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 109 6 10 1 000 000 103 1 000 2 10 100 101 10 0 10 1 10−1 0.1 10−2 0.01 10−3 0.001 10−6 0.000 001 10−9 0.000 000 001 10−12 0.000 000 000 001

p.35

Metric Conversion and Conversion Factors

p.40 To change the prefix from what you have to what you want, multiply it by a conversion factor to cancel what you have, and give you what you want. How many km in 30 000 m?

How tall are you in cm if you are 5'8" (68")?

How many seconds in 3.28 years? (Assume 365 days per year, no leap years)

Significant Figures

(s.f. are numbers that count for precision purposes) p.46 • All ______________ numbers are significant. 615 has 3 sf • ___________ zeros are never significant. 0.0032 has 2 sf • ____________ zeros are always significant. 12 004 has 5 sf • _____________ zeros are only significant if there is a decimal. 1 200 has 2 sf 60.00 has 4 sf Exact numbers from conversion factors or from counting objects have an ____________ number of significant figures. Rounded conversion factors are limited in significant figures 1000 m has an infinite number of sf 2.205 lbs has 4 sf (is rounded from 1 km 1 kg 2.204622… For ____________ and ______________: add or subtract, then round off to the least PRECISE POSITION For ____________ and __________: multiply or divide, then round off to the least number of SIGNIFICANT FIGURES.

Scientific Notation

p.50 Move the decimal to the place after the first non-zero number. The number of places it is moved becomes the exponent of 10, which is multiplied. 65 000 → 0.000 0400 → Numbers >1 have ( ) exponents Numbers