Introduction. Dear Colleague,

Introduction Dear Colleague, PCP and PCP Foundation, have come to the forefront in the war against global warming and climate change. Experts believe ...
Author: Abner Tucker
4 downloads 0 Views 2MB Size
Introduction Dear Colleague, PCP and PCP Foundation, have come to the forefront in the war against global warming and climate change. Experts believe that EDUCATION for expanding knowledge is vital to fuel the passion of people to become advocates. It is through this inspiration we came up with the Climate Change Black Book. This book is in its full length. From the voluminous data available, the challenge was to come up with a sensible, factual and relevant simple story that span all age brackets. With the slides and the transcript printed, this is an arsenal to educate anybody from Grades 5 Elementary to Post Graduated professionals. This contains the history and science of global warming, effects, elements of climate change, mitigation and adaptation strategies, category approaches and final challenge in a lecture format. We encourage you to study the Black Book by heart. With the presentation format in the flash drive, use this to teach others. For stronger impact, always connect lectures with an anticipated Tree Growing activity in the locality. This is a way to translate passion into action that will produce solutions to the problem on carbonization. While the current edition is updated, soon there will be newer data that will be published and that a second edition is not far from today. We intend to give the College most relevant and up to date data. With the concurrence of the PCP Climate Change Committee, approval of the Philippine College of Physicians Board of Regents and Philippine College of Physicians Foundation Board, we live to stay in this battle for a higher and meaningful purpose. To save the planet. This we do for our children and the generations coming. We are a PART of the ONLY solution. Sincerely yours, Jonathan Moses “jay” Jadloc, MD, FPCP Committee Chair, PCP Climate Change Committee 1|Page

Climate Change Committee Composition JONATHAN MOSES C. JADLOC, MD, FPCP

-

Chairman

ANGELITO BENJAMIN C. BELEN, MD, FPCP

-

Co-Chairman

NERISSA ISABEL C. SESCON, MD, FPCP

-

Prime mover

MARISONIA S. BELEN-TAN, MD, FPCP

-

Prime mover

BEATRIZ C. TAN, MD, FPCP

-

Prime mover

ALEX T. JUNIA, MD, FPCP

-

Prime mover

ARBEL U. PERETE, MD, FPCP

-

Prime mover

PAULA TERESA F. STA. MARIA, MD, FPCP

-

Prime mover

MYRA S. TAN-DELOS REYES, MD, FPCP

-

Prime mover

RONALDO M. DE RAMOS, MD, FPCP

-

Prime mover

MA. ENCARNITA B. LIMPIN, MD, FPCP Regent Champion, Philippine College of Physicians ANTHONY C. LEACHON, MD, FPCP President, Philippine College of Physicians Foundation MARIANO B. LOPEZ, MD, FPCP President, Philippine College of Physicians

2|Page

Climate Change Project

…PCP will provide service to the

Philippines by being responsive to the changing environment…

Philippine College of Physicians Climate Change Project Transcript. everybody.

Good

Morning

In 1953, Philippine College of Physicians popularly known as PCP was founded by Dr. Austria. As the accrediting body for hospitals providing training in Internal Medicine, it aims to implement its programs with the highest standards. It created the Specialty Board in Internal Medicine to certify Internal Medicine Resident graduates into a full pledged Internist.

3|Page

The PCP mission and vision are directed to provide avenues for excellent Internal Medicine practice but also act to be responsive to the needs of the environment. This is the heartbeat of the Climate Change committee.

The rock that started it all.

COAL. The First Fossil Fuel. Around 4,000 years ago, someone in Northern China came across an odd black rock. It was one of the many. Then this man discovered something. Somehow this person discovered that the rock could burn. Life was harder back then. Keeping them warm and getting food were big worries. With no electricity or gas for heating and cooking, everyone burned wood. The strange rock that burned like a log must have been very exciting then. The rock was COAL. Archaeologists think this was the first time a human used a fossil fuel.

4|Page

For many years outside China, it was Britain who got very interested with Coal. This was heavily traded to London, and made it big. No other resource was important than coal. This was also transported to Rome to heat the Roman baths. Kings and Queens and Princesses rejoiced over warms baths they had even during cold weather conditions. In 1200’s, especially in London, the growing population made it harder to find firewood. This stage was set for one of the most important events in human history. Before the late 1600’s, coal was used mainly for things like smelting and blacksmithing. Smelting is a process of heating the Ore dug out of the Earth to get out the metals. There were no real factories. Things were made by hand without the help of machines. That all changed with the invention of the steam engine.

Thomas Newcomen Invented Steam Engine - 1712

Trade and Travel

House Factories

Transportation The first steam engine was called Newcomen engine from British Inventor Thomas Newcomen. It was first built in 1712. It changed the world forever. It was first used to drain mines but over time it was used for many other things too.

The steam engine made it into small and big factories. Soon houses like these were grouped into villages, and everywhere, the site became busy with each house doing something out of the newcomen engine. Then it was put into trains and ships so it could help transport things. When the railroad was built and connected cities, the impossible became possible. Travel and Trade were everyone’s agenda. The demand for coal skyrocketed.

5|Page

King Edward banned Coal 1300’s. Generated Employment

Fostered Comfort It employed people, it generated competition and innovation. Inventions were popping everywhere. It powered the very first passenger cars with the same principle, STEAM, however, it demanded that every car along with the drivers and passengers, should have the STEAM man, and to mention the heavy trailer pulled at the back carrying the Rock Coal. It was a site to see during that time.

6|Page

However, with the influx of industry and factories, transportation and movement utilizing coal, this polluted the whole of London and Great Britain. It was not long that King Edward banned coal in London in 1306. However, the momentum of industrialization wasn’t contained. Despite the ban of coal, people continued its use and this paved the way for the most important revolution,

Industrial Revolution of 1700’s

The Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution is still the most important revolution of all time. With the Newcomen engine discovery, what we have today, buildings, electricity, gadgets, clothes, housing materials, food processing, home comfort, cars, chairs, air conditioning system, came from this period. This began in Britain. It gradually spread over much of the rest of the world. It’s not a chance that Britain lead the Industrial Revolution. It had so much Coal. It was the very coal that drove Britain and eventually the world, into the modern society we know today.

7|Page

Petroleum (Rock Oil) -1800’s

The Second Fossil Fuel.

With the supply of coal becoming thin, another Resource was discovered and this time it came from Rocks in the deep layers of the Earth. Petroleum is a liquid that comes from oil. We put it into our cars to make them run. Petroleum means “rock oil”. It comes from the remains of once living organisms just like coal.

Combustion Engine

Natural Gas – 1821 The Third Fossil Fuel.

When combustion engine was invented, the demand for petroleum increased. Unlike coal engines, the heat came from igniting fumes from a petroleum liquid. The pressure from the heat move pistons. With the cleaner emission compared to coal and its convenience, Petrol cars became more popular and until today modern cars still operates with the same principle.

8|Page

People then discovered a third source of Fuel. It was called Natural Gas. Once, it was considered a problem. It was explosive and dangerous. Most oil and coal operations just burned it. Now it is valuable. Natural Gas has cleaner burning than either coal or oil. That means it causes less pollution. Many places have switched from burning coal to burning natural gas. One way to get Natural Gas is with something called hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking”. Fracking is expensive, but people want natural gas so much they will use this method. It involves injecting water, sand, and chemicals into rocks to break them apart. This release natural gas. Fracking helps people increase the amount of natural gas we can get.

FOSSIL FUELS Non-renewable energy resources

Fossil fuels form all the time, but that doesn’t mean that we won’t run out someday. It takes millions of years for coal, oil and natural gas to form and we are removing them much faster than that. These are Non Renewable resources. Some scientists think we are getting close to being halfway through all that fuel. It’s hard to know exactly how much remains because the technology we use to get these fuels from the ground is always changing. Still, no new inventions will get around the fact that at some point, there will be more fossil fuels left. The fossil fuels we have used over the past 200 years formed over the past 500 million years. 9|Page

It took us only 200 years to consume same volume of gas that took 500 million years to make.

It’s like we are emptying a bathtub with a huge drain while refilling it with a tiny, slow dip. Even with the drip, the tub will empty completely. The Leaking Bath Tub Principle similarly states that. If the leak from a crack is bigger than the faucet drip, no amount of refilling will compensate the loss.

The Leaking Bath Tub Principle

Ladies and Gentlemen, Problem no. 1 for Climate Change is the Consumption Problem. The quest for modernization, home comfort, thirst for speed, hunger for new discoveries, mobilization, is consuming our resources in large scale The Great Imbalance is now. It took us only 200 years to consume the same volume of Gas that took 500 million years to make. Problem No. 1 Consumption Problem

10 | P a g e

C CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) Besides the dark smoke, there is another problem with burning fossil fuels. It’s the carbon dioxide. CO2 that gets released. We have known that gases in the air can trap heat since 1824

Global Warming

In a Normal day, Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and warms the Earth’s surface. This heat is radiated back toward space. The warmth which is important actually saves the earth from turning into Ice. This warmth is contained in a layer called atmosphere. However, when gaseous molecules like carbon occupies the atmosphere, the heat is absorbed and thrown back to the surface of the earth and the lower atmosphere. This increases the Earth’s temperature. The abnormal Increase of the Earth’s temperature is called Global warming.

11 | P a g e

There is a Natural Greenhouse effect, and the Greenhouse intensified by humans.

Greenhouse

Greenhouse Effect

What is a Greenhouse? A greenhouse is a house made of glass. It has glass walls and a glass roof. People grow tomatoes and flowers and other plants in them. A greenhouse stays warm inside, even during winter. Sunlight shines in and warms the plants and air inside. But the heat is trapped by the glass and can’t escape. So during the daylight hours, it gets warmer and warmer inside a greenhouse and stays pretty warm at night too. How is Earth a Greenhouse? Earth’s atmosphere does the same thing as the greenhouse. Gases in the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide do what the roof of a greenhouse does. During the day, the sun shines through the atmosphere. Earth’s surface 12 | P a g e

warms up in the sunlight. At night, Earth’s surface cools, releasing the heat back into the air. But some of the heat is trapped by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That’s what keeps our earth a warm and cozy 59 degrees Fahrenheit on average. If the greenhouse effect is too strong, Earth gets warmer and warmer. This is what is happening now. Too much carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the air are making the greenhouse effect stronger.

Greenhouse Gases

There are 4 major Greenhouses Gases and these are Carbon dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, Water Vapor and Methane. Carbon Dioxide makes up the majority of the problem.

13 | P a g e

Permafrost (13% of Total Carbon Problem)

Other drivers for Global Warming are not man made. Permafrost stores Methane in Siberia. This area releases 50M tons per year equivalent to 18 tons of Co2. If this entire region will collapse and release methane, this will accelerate the World’s temperature at 32’ F.

Problem No. 2 CARBONIZATION

From excessive Consumption of Fossil Fuels, there is a Problem, and that is Carbonization. This is our 2nd Problem.

Carbon Dioxide Level (parts per million)

Trees in Forests that effectively absorbs carbon are significantly reduced due to a number of factors. Common is Urbanization. The conversion of Land space and use of log and timber for construction and paper. (Cite the Philippine downhill trend in the slide) We have significantly decreased the Sponge for Carbonization.

Nasa released this graph which is picture of the average carbon emissions with time. For 650,000 years, the atmospheric carbon dioxide had never been above this line. it has never exceeded 300 parts per million but not until 1950. In 2012, it breached 400 parts per million. That was a steep climb. 14 | P a g e

Effects of Global Warming 1. Rise in Global Temperature

10 of the last 12 years were the hottest years in modern times! Melting Glaciers (Qori Kalis, Peru July 1978 to July 2011) So what now are the fatal consequences of Global Warming. No. 1 - Global temperatures are rising. Almost all climate scientists agree that a big cause of that is the burning of fossil fuels. The warming could lead to Melting of Glaciers, rising sea levels, flooding’s, droughts, and more severe weather conditions. It’s a challenge that we will have to deal in the coming years.

Melting Glaciers (Qori Kalis, Peru July 1978 and July 2011)

Drying Lake Urmia, Iran

Decreasing Greenland

15 | P a g e

Snow

Caps

in

Global air temperatures near Earth’s surface rose almost one and one-half degrees Fahrenheit in the last century. Eleven of the last 12 years have been the warmest on record. Earth has warmed twice as fast in the last 50 years as in the 50 years before that. One and one half degrees may not seem like much. But when we are talking about the average over the whole earth, lots of things start to change. As the temperature goes up, the amount of carbon dioxide, or CO2 in the air goes up. And as the carbon dioxide goes up, the temperature goes up even more.

16 | P a g e

Change in Annual Mean Temperature per Region. There is hotter trend in Mindanao regions by 2020 and 2050.

Change in Annual Mean Rainfall by 2020 and 2050.

Drought in M’lang North Cotabato

1 degree Celsius! (march 24,2016) The projected 1’C rise in Global temperature has arrived 4 years earlier than projected. This was published in a nationwide newspaper last March 24, 2016. Wildfires, Droughts and Stronger Typhoons

Heat Wave, Respiratory Diseases, Vector -borne disease after disasters, Epidemics.

Increased Global Temperatures will lead to Wildfires, Droughts and Stronger Cyclone.

17 | P a g e

In M’lang, North Cotabato, a 37 year old farmer, went into depression because of severe droughts. Being the breadwinner and without other resource, he committed suicide. This was published in a mainstream newspaper last year.

The Super Yolanda Memory, November 8, 2013 The Typhoon Yolanda made landfall in Tacloban, Leyte, devastated the City and left disastrous effects.

Yolanda Stats 11 Million Affected 6,340 Dead 1061 Missing 2.86 Billion Dollars Damage

2. 6.7 inches in 100 years

Yolanda Statistics Aside from Increased Global Temperature and its consequences with the Climate, Global warming will also cause rise of Sea Level. The ocean also absorbs a lot but not all of the excess carbon dioxide in the air.

18 | P a g e

As more sea ice and glaciers melt, the global sea level rises. But melting ice is not the only cause of rising sea level. As the ocean gets warmer, the water actually expands! Sea level has risen 6.7 inches in the last 100 years. In the last 100 years, it has risen twice as fast as in the previous years. If Greenland’s ice sheet were to melt completely, sea level all over the world will increase by 16-23 feet (5 t0 7 meters).

Great Ocean Conveyor Belt

The Great conveyor Belt is a current that brings warm water from Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. This warm water is believed to be the one that warms Europe during winter to keep it from further reducing temp and worsening cold. However with more sea ice and glaciers melting, the salinity and acidity of the water changes in this area. While it is being impressed that this might change the current, scientist are looking that somehow this shouldn’t cause deadly freezing temperatures in the Europe. (AMOC) Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.

19 | P a g e

Sea level rise of 1 meter will sink the whole Metro Manila and half of Cebu!

112,000 hectares land loss for every 1 meter sea level rise. 1 Meter rise will sink Manila and Half of Cebu! Vital Signs of the Planet

In Summary, here are the Vital Signs of the Planet.

Carbon dioxide by February 2016 - 403.19 parts per million Global Temperature 2016 - up by 1 ‘ C

What can we do now?

Arctic Sea Ice Minimum - less 13.4 percent per decade Land Ice - less 134 billion metric tons per year since 2002 Sea Level - 76.13 mm by November 2015 (increase by 3.41 mm per year)

With the knowledge and information, with the drama, what can we do to address Global Warming and eventually Climate Change.

The Vital Signs. To Teach. To Plant. To Protect. PCP and PCPF Guiding Mantra.

20 | P a g e

PCP will build Climate Capacity Centers thru the Local Chapters Nationwide

Cimate Lectures in Schools, Caravan, and Media Over 2375+ Recipients of Climate Lectures in Schools since Sept 2015

To Teach. Since September 2015 we have been doing Climate Lectures in Tacloban, Leyte, to DOST PhilSCi Scholars, College Students, Medical Students, Residents, Consultants, Church gatherings in other Visayas Islands, and even radio talks. We now have 2375+ recipients of our Climate lectures.

21 | P a g e

We will develop Climate Capacity Centers Nationwide thru the local chapters by 2016. We did our first Climate Caravan in Baler, Aurora where they were hit by the strongest typhoon of 2015, Lando.

House Bill 4981 Nov 8 “National Day of Rising”

To Plant. To date we have been doing Treevolutions in Tacloban, Leyte, Palo Leyte for the past Yolanda Anniversaries. We did a Mangrove growing as well in Baler, Aurora.

To protect. We do partnerships with Organizations with disaster response capacity and we strengthened the Health Crisis committee of PCP. 22 | P a g e

We push to lobby House Bill 4981, which is the National Day of Rising. A day where students plant trees and receive climate education. On November 8, 2016, we will lead the country’s doctors for a Nationwide Simultaneous Tree Growing activity and push for a Guiness World of Records. 1 grown up tree can absorb 1 Ton of carbon in its lifetime!

Mitigation Strategies and Approach in Climate Change Global and Political

Personal Note. 1. Change Incandescent bulbs to Fluorescent, LED

National

Personal

Change incandescent bulbs to Fluorescent or better LED. To light 800 lumens, incandescent bulbs need 60 watts, while, only 14.5 watts for fluorescent and 12 watts for LED. Know Me

Climate Change Mitigation approach and strategies involve categories. These are Global and Political, National and Personal.

23 | P a g e

2. Clean Air Filters Regularly

Clean aircon filters regularly as dirty filters will demand more power to achieve desired coolness. Recycle paper. We need to cut 17 trees to produce 1 ton of paper.

24 | P a g e

Degradation Time (waste management tip)

Be familiar with degradation time of wastes. Never throw away plastics and bottles. It will remain a clutter for millions of years.

5. Do a Compost Pit

Do a compost pit in order to reduce the load of the garbage truck to the landfill minimizing power resources.

4. Save Water 6. Subscribe and Support Renewable Energy Source

Save water.

25 | P a g e

in 2013, Only 20% of the total world power consumption came from renewable fuel source.

7. Zero your Carbon Emission

Carbon Emission Contribution by Sector

-Nasa Report Carbon contribution by sector

8. Stop Smoking e/Cigarettes. Dont add up Carbonization.

Driving 3.6 km gives off 6 pounds of Carbon - (NASA) 9. Be Proactive. Be a Climate Ambassador

walk the talk and talk the walk Be a Climate Ambassador. Learn the science. Tell it to people. Tell it to your family and friends. Be proactive. Join climate clubs. Actively plant trees. 26 | P a g e

by 2050, we need 3 planets worth of resources to feed 9.6 billion people!

DOST-PhilSci Scholars of East Visayas, March 19, 2016 5 months after our Climate lecture at the Philippine Science High School, these scholars stepped up and responded to the challenge. They created #missionASCEND and set up a Video making contest open to schools on ways to save the environment thru proper waste disposal. PCP proudly cosponsored this touching event. Before, we taught them, now they are with us, sooner they will lead us.

27 | P a g e

UN Sec General Ban Ki Moon gave us a warming, with the ballooned population of 9.6 billion by 2050, we will need resources equivalent to 3 planets if we do not change our consumption behavior today.

A life with access to clean air.

Edwin Burke said, “Nobody made a greater mistake than he who did nothing because he can only do little. “ Never underestimate because you are young, you can do something for the planet. Partner with us, and let us join hands and save our planet. Let our shout be even louder. Because….

A life with free access to clean air…

A life without unforgiving droughts

CRIME AGAINST TIME A life spared from uncertainties from typhoon damage

A life without droughts…

unforgiving

A life spared from uncertainties from super typhoons… When we rest our arsenals for the battle, we commit a crime against time, a time where we deprive our children of a life that has access to clean water… 28 | P a g e

We dream for our children a life that does not only hope survive….

…but a life that experiences beauty beyond fear from deadly effects of climate change.

The TIME is Now…whether we succeed or fail…

Let us begin.

But a life that experiences beauty beyond fear from the deadly effects of climate change.

jay jadloc @mdforearth

Be the change that you want to see in this world. Level up from just being onlookers and spectators. Rise up to become advocates and heroes for the planet.

29 | P a g e

The time is now. The outcome benefit of our labors and sacrifices may not be appreciated today, in the next generation or in the generations coming. The fight against Climate Change is a war fought with many battles. Success would depend on us, the people of today. Whether we succeed or whether we fail, the most important is, let us begin.

NOTES __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 30 | P a g e

NOTES __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 31 | P a g e

NOTES __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 32 | P a g e

NOTES __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 33 | P a g e

NOTES __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 34 | P a g e

NOTES __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 35 | P a g e

NOTES __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 36 | P a g e

NOTES __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 37 | P a g e

NOTES __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 38 | P a g e

NOTES __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 39 | P a g e

NOTES __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 40 | P a g e