INSTRUCTION: This section consists of FOUR (4) structured questions. Answer ALL questions

SULIT GP505: FLUID MECHANICS STRUCTURED : 100 MARKS STRUKTUR : 100 MARKAH INSTRUCTION: This section consists of FOUR (4) structured questions. Answe...
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SULIT

GP505: FLUID MECHANICS

STRUCTURED : 100 MARKS STRUKTUR : 100 MARKAH INSTRUCTION: This section consists of FOUR (4) structured questions. Answer ALL questions. ARAHAN: Bahagian ini mengandungi EMPAT (4) soalan struktur. Jawab SEMUA soalan.

QUESTION 1 SOALAN 1 CLO1 C1

(a)

Define Pascal’s Law. Takrifkan Hukum Pascal. [3 marks] [3 markah]

CLO2 C3

(b)

A hydraulic jack consists of a small and a large cylinder with diameters of 7 cm and 20 cm respectively. The required force, F to lift up a load is 400 N. If the large piston is 15 cm higher than the small one, determine the weight, W that can be lifted if the specific weight of oil is 3870 N/m3. Sebuah hidraulik jek terdiri daripada silinder kecil dan besar yang berdiameter 7 cm dan 20 cm masing-masing. Daya, F yang diperlukan untuk mengangkat beban ialah 400 N. Jika omboh besar 15 cm tinggi daripada omboh kecil, tentukan berat beban W yang diperlukan sekiranya berat tentu minyak adalah 3870 N/m3. [11 marks] [11 markah]

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CLO2 C3

(c)

GP505: FLUID MECHANICS

A U tube manometer in Diagram 1 measures the pressure difference between two points. Calculate the manometer reading, H. Manometer tiub-U dalam Rajah 1 mengukur perbezaan tekanan di antara dua titik. Hitungkan bacaan manometer, H.

Diagram 1/ Rajah 1 [11 marks] [11 markah]

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GP505: FLUID MECHANICS

QUESTION 2 SOALAN 2 CLO1 C1

(a)

State THREE (3) limitations of Bernoulli’s equation. Nyatakan TIGA (3) had-had Persamaan Bernoulli. [6 marks] [6 markah]

CLO2 C3

(b)

A meter orifice has a 100 mm diameter hole in the pipe. Diameter of the pipe is 250 mm. Coefficient of discharge, Cd = 0.65 and specific gravity of oil in the pipe is 0.9. The pressure difference that is measured by the manometer is 750 mm. Determine the flow rate of the oil through the pipe. Sebuah meter orifis mempunyai lubang berdiameter 100 mm. Diameter paip pula adalah 250 mm. Pekali kadaralir, Cd = 0.65 dan graviti tentu minyak dalam paip adalah 0.9. Perbezaan tekanan yang diukur oleh manometer ialah 750 mm. Tentukan kadaralir minyak dalam paip. [10 marks] [10 markah]

CLO2 C3

(c)

An inclined pipe is used to supply water as shown in Diagram 2 below. The cross-sectional areas of pipe at entrance and exit are 0.05 m2 and 0.005 m2 respectively. The water pressure at the entrance is 686.7 kN/m2. If the velocity at the entrance is 1.5 m/s, determine the pressure at the exit. Satu paip condong digunakan untuk mengalirkan air seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2 . Luas paip bahagian masukan dan keluaran masing-masing 0.05 m2 dan 0.005 m2. Tekanan pada bahagian masukan adalah 686.7 kN/m2. Jika halaju bahagian masukan ialah 1.5 m/s. tentukan tekanan bahagian keluaran.

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GP505: FLUID MECHANICS

1

2

8m 5m

Datum Line Diagram 2 / Rajah 2 [9 marks] [9 markah]

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GP505: FLUID MECHANICS

QUESTION 3 SOALAN 3 CLO1 C3

(a)

Sketch the velocity profile in circular piping system. Lakarkan profil halaju untuk sistem paip bulat. [5 marks] [5 markah]

CLO1 C1

(b)

List FIVE (5) losses of energy in pipe line. Senaraikan LIMA (5) kehilangan tenaga dalam aliran paip. [5 marks] [5 markah]

CLO2 C3

(c)

A pipe carrying 1800 ℓ /min of water increases suddenly from 10 cm to 15 cm in diameter. Determine the: i.

Head loss due to the sudden enlargement.

ii.

Difference in pressure in kN/m2 between the two pipes.

[11 marks] [4 marks] Satu paip membawa 1800 ℓ/min air membesar secara mendadak dari diameter 10 cm ke 15 cm. Tentukan: i.

Kehilangan tenaga disebabkan pembesaran mendadak. [11 markah]

ii.

Perbezaan tekanan di antara dua paip dalam unit kN/m2. [4 markah]

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GP505: FLUID MECHANICS

QUESTION 4 SOALAN 4

CLO1 C1

(a)

List FIVE (5) purpose of nozzle in engineering field. Senaraikan LIMA (5) kegunaan muncung dalam bidang kejuruteraan.

[5 marks] [5 markah]

CLO2 C3

(b)

A convergent-divergent nozzle expands the air at the rate of 5 kg/s from pressure 8.2 bar and temperature 250°C at the inlet and into the atmosphere at 1.15 bar. i.

Sketch and label the convergent-divergent nozzle diagram based on the information given. [3 marks]

ii.

Calculate the critical pressure. [4 marks]

iii.

Calculate the critical temperature. [3 marks]

iv.

Determine the critical volume. [2 marks]

v.

Determine throat cross-sectional areas in mm2. [5 marks]

vi.

Determine the temperature at the outlet of the nozzle. [3 marks]

Assuming that the inlet velocity is negligible and the flow is isentropic. Given γair = 1.4, R = 287 J/kgK and Cp = 1005 J/KgK.

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GP505: FLUID MECHANICS

Muncung tumpu capah menyemburkan udara melalui bahagian masukan pada kadar 5 kg/s dari 8.2 bar pada suhu 250°C ke atmosfera pada 1.15 bar. i.

Lakar dan labelkan gambarjah muncung tumpu capah berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi. [3 markah]

ii.

Hitungkan tekanan kritikal [4 markah]

iii.

Hitungkan suhu kritikal [3 markah]

iv.

Tentukan isipadu kritikal [2 markah]

v.

Tentukan luas keratan rentas dalam mm2 [5 markah]

vi.

Tentukan suhu keluaran muncung [3 markah]

Dengan beranggapan halaju masukan diabaikan dan aliran adalah isentropik. Diberi γair = 1.4, R = 287 J/kgK dan Cp = 1005 J/KgK.

SOALAN TAMAT

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GP505: FLUID MECHANICS

LIST OF FORMULA GP505 – FLUID MECHANICS FLUID DYNAMICS

NOZZLE

P1 v12 P v2   z1  2  2  z 2  2g  2g

2 gH m2  1

Qactual  Cd  A1



Cd  A1

P  P  2 g  1 2  ( z1  z2 )    (m2  1)

Qactual 

H



  Hg  P1  P2  x  1  Sub   Sub 

PIPE SYSTEMS

2

2  1  v2 hC    1   Cc  2 g

   1

Pc  2   P1    1 

TC 2  T1   1  1 

T1  P1   T2  P2 

VC 

RTC PC

AC 

m VC CC

CC  44.72 C P T1  TC 

v22 hi  0.5 2g hf 

4 fl v 2 d 2g

hL 

V1  V2 2 2g 2

V ho  2 2g

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