INITIATIVES TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE IN TURKEY Ali Mermer Ministry of Agriculture, Central Research Institute, [email protected]

CONTENT

I- MDG-F 1680: ENHANCING THE CAPACITY OF TURKEY TO ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE

II- AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT ACTION PLAN OF TURKEY

III- CROP MONITORING AND FORECASTING IN TURKEY

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ENHANCING THE CAPACITY OF TURKEY TO ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE UN JOINT PROGRAMME Total Budget: $ 7.000.000 Duration: 3 Years Main Beneficiary: T.R. Ministry of Environment and Forestry Project Implementing Partners: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

THE OBJECTIVE OF THE JOINT PROGRAMME Integrate the climate change adaptation into national, regional and local policies within the framework of future development targets of Turkey in terms of sustainability THE GOAL OF THE JOINT PROGRAMME

To develop national strategies to combat and manage the impacts of climate change and to develop capacity for managing climate change risks to rural and coastal development in Turkey

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JOINT PROGRAMME OUTCOMES OUTCOME 1. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION MAINSTREAMED IN TURKEY’S NATIONAL PLANS

OUTCOME 2. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY DEVELOPED FOR MANAGING DISASTERS INDUCED BY CLIMATE CHANGE.

JOINT PROGRAMME OUTCOMES OUTCOME 3. CAPACITY FOR COMMUNITY-BASED ADAPTATION IN THE SEYHAN RIVER BASIN DEVELOPED

OUTCOME 4. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION MAINSTREAMED INTO THE UN PROGRAMMING FRAMEWORK IN TURKEY

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3 PILLARS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION POLICY Necessary capacity developed and enhanced for: The efficient use of current policies in the context of climate change adaptation and The development of new policies and strategies SCIENCE Necessary capacity developed and enhanced for: Establishing tools that support adaptation efforts by using the best available technology and data and Making information available at all levels of the community

IMPLEMENTATION Necessary capacity developed and enhanced for: Realizing adaptation implementation from local to central at varying scales and levels and Monitoring and evaluating processes from the economic, social and environmental aspects

UP-TO-DATE ACHIEVEMENTS IMPLEMENTATION • The draft situation analysis for the National Adaptation Strategy is being prepared. Evaluating and synthesizing the outline of current policies/plans and programmes Identifying priorities and introducing needs Establishing the framework of the National Adaptation Strategy

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“Participatory Vulnerability Analysis” workshops in 11 provinces have started.

• İTÜ Activities Alternative model studies and production of model outputs are ongoing. A survey has been prepared on model outputs needs assessment. A draft climate change information portal has been prepared (http://agora.itu.edu.tr)

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UP-TO-DATE ACHIEVEMENTS IMPLEMENTATION FAO Activities • • •

Studies have started for evaluating current technical capacity and needs for the floods and droughts early warning system. Studies have started for the preparation of the Environmental Information Management System implementation plan. Studies have started for strengthening the Turkey Agricultural Drought Action Plan (TAKEP) and Turkey Emergency Flood and Earthquake Recovery (TEFER) in order to ensure capacity development in floods and droughts early warning systems.

UP-TO-DATE ACHIEVEMENTS COMMUNICATION AND DISSEMINATION •

Support has been given to National efforts: • Turkey and Climate change Workshop • National Climate Change Strategy Workshop • World Water Forum poster presentation and panel participation • Various panel participations • WHO’s study on the effects of climate change on public health

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Folders and Turkish brochures were published

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The domain for www.mdgf-tr.org webpage was acquired, the design is ongoing: www.climate.mdgf-tr.org / www.iklim.mdgf-tr.org

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UP-TO-DATE ACHIEVEMENTS INDUSTRY •

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The sectoral prioritization study that will be a reference point for the pilot studies on efficient water use in industry has been completed. The priority sectors in the basin have been determined as textile, nutrition, machines and chemistry. Introductory meetings on Eco-Efficiency were held with the chambers of industry and commerce in Kayseri, Niğde and Adana. Surveys were completed for identifying pilot studies. An agreement was signed with two of the 6 pilot studies.

UP-TO-DATE ACHIEVEMENTS GRANTS 18 projects under different headings were selected for Climate Change Adaptation in the Seyhan River Basin and their implementation have started. The duration for the projects will be 12 months maximum and will be finalized in September 2010.

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NEXT STEPS IN THE JOINT PROGRAMME 2009/2010 • • • • • •

Preparation process of the National Adaptation Strategy Initiation and execution of the national capacity building programme Initiation of studies for the development of the Seyhan Basin Adaptation Strategy Initiation of all Eco-efficiency pilot studies for efficient water use Studies on drought and flood early warning systems and Environmental Information Monitoring System development Various communication activities

EXPECTED OUTCOMES OF THE JOINT PROGRAMME • National Climate change Adaptation Strategy • Integration of climate change adaptation into national legislation • Enhanced technical capacity and awareness among stakeholders of various levels •Seyhan Basin Climate Change Adaptation Strategy •Successful examples of Community Based Adaptation to Climate Change in the Seyhan Basin •Announcement and replication of the Seyhan Basin Regional Adaptation Strategy process and the Grants Programme process and their outcomes at the national level and in similar basins/regions

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EXPECTED OUTCOMES OF THE JOINT PROGRAMME • Prioritizing Climate Change Adaptation in all programmes of the UN organizations in Turkey •National Eco-Efficiency Centre • Successful implementations of efficient water use in industry • Climate change information portal http://agora.itu.edu.tr • Environmental Information Management System • Enhanced Turkey Agricultural Drought Action Plan (TAKEP) and Turkey Emergency Flood and Earthquake Recovery (TEFER)

AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT ACTION PLAN OF TURKEY

CONTEXT: 

Drought has been a recurrent phenomenon in Turkey for the last several decades.(Starting from 1990’s and continued in recent years.)

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Mainly the southeastern and Central Anatolia regions have more experienced severe drought since 1989.

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Turkey has taken into consideration the risk reduction , mitigation and preparedness very recent times because of the climatic changes and associated impacts on natural resources.

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AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT ACTION PLAN OF TURKEY

THE PLAN 

Legislative framework of Turkish Agricultural Drought Action Plan was mainly organized within the 2007 Council of Ministers Decree. Policy objective is the drought mitigation and to set measures against drought.

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Scope of the Plan is to regulate all relations between goverment, non goverment and civil organizations to manage climate releted disasters in Turkey.

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Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs is assigned as the coordinator of the action plan in collaboration with Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ministry of Energy and Natural resources and Ministry of Internal Affairs.

AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT ACTION PLAN OF TURKEY

COMPONENTS OF THE TURKISH DROUGHT ACTION PLAN 1.

Agricultural Drought Management Coordination Council

2.

Monitoring, Early Warning and Forecasting Committee

3.

Risk Assessment Committee

4.

Universities and NGO’s

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AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT ACTION PLAN OF TURKEY

COMPONENTS OF THE TURKISH DROUGHT ACTION PLAN

1) Agricultural Drought Management Coordination Council Two purposes:  Supervises and coordinates development of the Drought Management Plan  After the plan is developed and during times of drought when the plan is activated the task force coordinates actions, implements mitigations and response programs Members from several divisions within:  MARA  MEF as well as:  State Planning Organization (DPT), State Planning Organization (DPT)  MI Local Provinces GM  Ankara University Dean - Faculty of Agriculture  Representatives of NGOs associated with Drought Planning and Mgmt

AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT ACTION PLAN OF TURKEY

COMPONENTS OF THE TURKISH DROUGHT ACTION PLAN

2) Monitoring, Early Warning and Forecasting Committee

Challenge:  To coordinate and integrate the analysis so decision makers and the public receive early warning of emerging drought conditions.  Considerable experience has developed in recent years with automated weather data networks that provide rapid access to climate data. Members: Committee includes representatives from agencies with responsibilities for:  monitoring climate and water supply.  Data and information on each of the applicable indicators (e.g., precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, seasonal climate forecasts, soil moisture, stream flow, groundwater levels, reservoir and lake levels, and snowpack) ought to be considered in the committee's evaluation of the water situation and outlook.

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AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT ACTION PLAN OF TURKEY

COMPONENTS OF THE TURKISH DROUGHT ACTION PLAN

3) Risk Assessment Committee Role:  The responsibility of the committee is to assess sectors, population groups, communities, and ecosystems most at risk and identify appropriate and reasonable mitigation measures to address these risks. Members:  Working groups would be composed of technical specialists representing economic, environmental, and social factors.  The chair of each working group, as a member of the risk assessment committee, would report directly to the committee. Following this model, the responsibility of the risk assessment committee is to direct the activities of each of the working groups and make recommendations to the drought task force on mitigation actions.

AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT ACTION PLAN OF TURKEY

COMPONENTS OF THE TURKISH DROUGHT ACTION PLAN

4) Universities and NGO’s

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Various universities are directly or indirectly involved in various aspects of planning and management of the impacts of drought on water and land resources.

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A limited numbers of NGOs are involved at various levels of activities including: capacity building, research, planning and management. The primary sources and associated research interests include: WWF,REC, Nature Association, Soil Sciency Society of Turkey

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CROP MONITORING AND FORECASTING IN TURKEY

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agrometeorological simulation model –AGROMETSHELL, developed by FAO, has been used for crop monitoring and yield forecasting of cereal crops in Turkey.

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The model has been adapted to Turkey through an FAO- TCP project (between 2004-2006).

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The model has been run in collaboration with Research Department of Ministry of Agriculture and Turkish Meteorological Service.

CROP MONITORING AND FORECASTING IN TURKEY

model: •

The model uses water budget aproach which is suitable for rainfed agriculture areas like Turkey. It calculates a series of crop specific water balance parameters.

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In addition to model output parameters remote sensing data (NDVI) is also used for crop monitoring and drought effects.

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Daily meteorological data from 265 station distributed over country have been used to run the model

CROP MONITORING AND FORECASTING IN TURKEY

Satellite data-NDVI map showing drought affected areas.

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CROP MONITORING AND FORECASTING IN TURKEY

Water satisfaction index (WSI) map showing water scarcity areas.

CROP MONITORING AND FORECASTING IN TURKEY

Yield forecasting bulletin

Four monthly bulletin for yield forecasting and drought monitoring has been prepared and published through internet; April, May, June, July

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