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Infrastructure Debt Syndication in Russia
Infrastructure Debt Syndication in Russia 1 Russian Infrastructure Overview Post‐USSR lack of investment Infrastructure spending > Soviet infras...
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Sarah Ryan
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Infrastructure Debt Syndication in Russia
1
Russian Infrastructure Overview Post‐USSR lack of investment
Infrastructure spending
>
Soviet infrastructure inheritance was substantial, although reflected needs of command economy
>
Russian spending on infrastructure has increased from $7 b in 1999 to $111 b in 2010 (3.5% of GDP to 7.4% of GDP )
>
In 1990’s, investment in core infrastructure sectors was minimal due to lack of funding and government priorities.
>
Most spending through federal budget and state‐owned corporations
>
Vast majority of infrastructure investment since 1991 concentrated in oil and gas sector
>
Morgan Stanley base case forecast that Russia will require additional $28 b of spending in per annum until 2015
>
Core infrastructure spending only picked up in post‐1998 period, although backlog has remained
>
However, election year promises and impending fiscal pressures make additional budgetary financing unlikely
Inadequate spending to support economic growth
Infrastructure Financing Sources
Sources: Morgan Stanley, PMR Consulting, Boston Consulting Group, Bank of Finland
2
Limited Market Players Russian State‐owned Banks >
Russian state‐owned banks dominate infrastructure debt‐issuance market >
>
>
International Financial Institutions >
International financial institutions also active in infrastructure financing
>
Major players are:
Sberbank >
Flagship Russian state bank – recipient of government pension payments
>
Russia’s largest bank
>
EUR 190.3 b gross loans outstanding – Q3 2011
>
>
Vneshekonombank >
Russian state development bank
>
Manager of Russia’s government pension funds
>
Plays active role in infrastructure finance in Russia
VTB Group
>
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) >
Active in Russia since 1991
>
Financed 685 projects in all sectors, including many in infrastructure
International Finance Corporation (IFC) >
Active in Russia since 1993
>
Financed 217 projects in all sectors
Regionally‐focused IFIs also play role: >
Eurasian Development Bank (EDB)
>
75% state‐owned
>
Black Sea Trade and Development Bank
>
Russia’s second largest bank after Sberbank
>
Nordic Investment Bank
>
EUR 10.9 b gross loans outstanding – Q3 2011
3
Projects Financed Major projects >
Market characterized by limited transactions that are landmark in scale
>
Pulkovo Airport PPP – 2010
>
>
>
>
Russia’s first PPP in airport sector, EUR 1 b capex
>
30 year concession of St. Petersburg aiport, including terminal reconstruction
Debt Type
M1 Moscow-St. Odintsovo Petersburg Bypass Highway
State-guaranteed bond
210
Bond w/o guarantee
150
675
-
First stage of toll road linking Moscow and St. Petersburg
>
EUR 1.2 b project cost
M1 Odinstovo Bypass ‐ 2010 >
19.5 km road connecting Moscow ring road to M‐1 highway
>
EUR 1.2 b project cost
Western High Speed Diameter – 2011 > >
11.4km section of toll road being constructed in St. Petersburg
IFI loans
-
VEB loan
-
Commercial bank loan
Total
-
360
-
640
-
-
Moscow – St. Petersburg Highway ‐ 2010 >
Western HighSpeed Diameter
Pulkovo Airport
-
230
EBRD - up to EUR 200m
210
-
VEB and Sberbank to provide up to EUR ~750 m
160
Gazprombank / VTB
1,425
600
840
EUR 2.2 b cost
Sources: Ernst and Young
4
Hurdles in Debt Financing Traditional infrastructure debt financing characteristics >
Long amortization periods >
Maturities between 5 and 40 years
>
Meant to match the construction period and useful life of the asset
>
Bullet repayment
>
Long interest grace period to reflect long construction period
>
Lower yields than other debt instruments
>
Loan securitization to spread risk
Difficult debt financing structures >
Russian infrastructure debt characteristic similar to commercial lending: > >
>
Short amortization periods do not match project maturity periods High interest rates >
Commercial Banks Mosprime + (5% ‐ 8%)
>
VEB Mosprime + (4% ‐ 6%)
Which financing sources will fill gap? >
Sberbank >
One of few Russian banks of enough scale to finance large projects
>
Infrastructure bonds floated by governmental and non‐ governmental pension funds
>
Chinese state banks and sovereign wealth funds
Opportunity for additional infrastructure lending >
Need for additional infrastructure financing could exceed $30 billion/year until 2015
>
Competition in Russian infrastructure debt financing market is low
>
Higher rates than in Western Europe make Russia a potentially attractive opportunity
Volatile exchange rate complicates lending in EUR or USD
5
Potential Sources of Further Financing
Infrastructure bonds – pension funds
Potential partnering with EBRD/IFC through syndication
>
Russian public and private pension funds have nearly RUB 2 trillion in assets
>
A/B lending structures provide means for foreign lenders to access the Russian infrastructure market
>
Despite potential for financing infrastructure, almost no funds are invested
>
A loan portion will be lent by EBRD, while B loan portion is lent by commercial banks
>
State corporations, in particular RZhD, have lobbied for pension funds to issue infrastructure bonds
>
Preferred creditor status mitigates country risks that may concern potential lenders
>
Resistance from Ministry of Finance, which argued that infrastructure bonds would worsen Russia’s debt position
>
In 2010, EBRD co‐financed 22 projects, attracting a total of EUR 1.5 b, including Pulkovo Airport project
>
Private pension funds are also strongly encouraged by government rules not to invest in infrastructure
>
Potential breakthrough: >
In January 2012, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin announced that pension funds should be used as a financial source for railroad projects
>
Requested that ministries develop a program by which bonds could be issued using pension funds
Sources: EBRD, Expert.ru
6
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