Indian Removal Act. Argumentative Essay Project

Name: ________________________________ Indian Removal Act Argumentative Essay Project When the U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830, i...
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Indian Removal Act Argumentative Essay Project When the U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830, it instantly became one of the most controversial government actions in American history. Government officials, including President Andrew Jackson, said that the Indian Removal Act was the only way to give Native American tribes a chance to survive as a people. Opponents of the act disagreed, saying that forced removal would be a terrible injustice. Which side was right? Throughout this project, your task will be to investigate the Indian Removal Act, to explore primary and secondary sources concerning Native American removal, and to develop an argumentative essay that will answer this prompt:

Why did the U.S. Government pass the Indian Removal Act? Were they trying to protect the Native Americans, or were they just trying to get them out of the way? This project will consist of four main steps (or five, if you choose to complete the extra credit assignment): Step 1: Research – Step 2: Outline – Step 3: Writing – Step 4: Editing – Step 5: Extra Credit You will use this packet to complete Step 1 and Step 2. The information and ideas that you put together during these steps will then help you jump immediately into Step 3 and Step 4, during which you will write and edit your argumentative essay. This packet includes the Step 1: Research Graphic Organizer and the Step 2: Outline Graphic Organizer. Paper copies of the documents will be available to you if you need them, but this project is designed to be completed using the project website:

IndianRemovalActProject.weebly.com Project Schedule – Fall 2012 Step 1: Research – Oct 22-25 Step 2: Outline – Oct 26-28 Step 3: Writing – Oct 29-Nov 2 (ROUGH DRAFT DUE FRIDAY, NOV 2) Step 4: Editing – Nov 5-13 Step 5: Extra Credit – Nov 3-13 (FINAL DRAFT AND EXTRA CREDIT DUE TUESDAY, NOV 13)

Step 1: Research – graphic Organizer Directions: Read through the documents found at IndianRemovalActProject.weebly.com and complete the guiding questions in the graphic organizer.

Step 1: Research Background Information 1. What were the two different attitudes that most white American settlers had toward Native Americans? (Paragraph 1) _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What did President Jackson think was the best way to deal with the Native American tribes that lived in the East? (Paragraph 3) _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What was the result of the Indian Removal Act for the Native American tribes of the East? (Paragraph 5) _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Write down at least one thing from the video, the map, the Trail of Tears painting, or the additional links that you think is interesting or important. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________

Step 1: Research Document 1 - Andrew Jackson's State of the Union Address 1. According to President Jackson, what goal was America trying to accomplish by sending Native Americans to a different territory? (Paragraphs 3 and 4) _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why did President Jackson believe the government's Indian removal policy was "generous"? (Paragraphs 3 and 4) _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. According to the information in THIS DOCUMENT ONLY, why did the U.S. Government pass the Indian Removal Act? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Find at least one quote from the document that supports your answer to Question 3. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________

Step 1: Research Document 2 – Memorial of the Cherokee Nation 1. Why were the Cherokee people “troubled” by the state of Georgia? (Paragraph 3) _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why did the Cherokee refuse to leave their land? (Paragraphs 5 and 6) _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. According to the information in THIS DOCUMENT ONLY, why did the U.S. Government pass the Indian Removal Act? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Find at least one quote from the document that supports your answer to Question 3. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________

Step 1: Research Document 3 – Report of the Secretary of War, Lewis Cass 1. According to Lewis Cass, what happened to Native Americans who lived near white settlers? (Paragraph 2) _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What do you think Lewis Cass meant when he said, “If they remain, their fate is written in the history of their race”? (Paragraph 4) _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. According to the information in THIS DOCUMENT ONLY, why did the U.S. Government pass the Indian Removal Act? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Find at least one quote from the document that supports your answer to Question 3. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________

Step 1: Research Document 4 – Senator Sprague’s Speech to Congress 1. According to Senator Sprague, in what ways were the Cherokee people “civilized”? (Paragraphs 2 and 3) _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How does the information in this speech compare to the thoughts of Lewis Cass in Document 3? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. According to the information in THIS DOCUMENT ONLY, why did the U.S. Government pass the Indian Removal Act? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Find at least one quote from the document that supports your answer to Question 3. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________

Step 1: Research Document 5 – Textbook Excerpt – The American Journey 1. According to the textbook, why did white settlers and miners want Cherokee land? (Paragraph 1) _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What happened on the Trail of Tears? (Paragraphs 4-7) _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What do the events surrounding the Trail of Tears suggest about the U.S. Government’s attitude towards the Native Americans? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. According to the information in THIS DOCUMENT ONLY, why did the U.S. Government pass the Indian Removal Act? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Find at least one quote from the document that supports your answer to Question 4. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________

Step 2: Outline – graphic Organizer The Classical Argument Format Your task in this project is to write an argumentative essay. A classical argument is the basic form of persuasive argument typically used in argumentative essays. It has five parts: introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, and conclusion. The parts of a classical argument are arranged logically. That is, one section logically follows from the one before it. It is styled in this way for ease of transition in thought, especially for the main purpose of effectively persuading the reader or audience. The size of an argumentative essay can range from a handful of paragraphs to an entire book. For this essay, you will need to write at least five paragraphs – one for each section.

Introduction The writer has at least three tasks in the introductory part of the classical argument. These are: to hook the audience’s attention, to establish a connection with the audience, and to state the claim (thesis) of the argument. Narration This is where the writer has to provide a summary of the background information relevant to the argument. This section helps the reader or audience understand the important circumstances surrounding the topic and claim. Confirmation This is where the writer provides evidence to support the claim (for this essay, evidence takes the form of quotes from the documents). The stronger the link between the supporting evidence and the claim, the stronger the argument of the writer will be. This section can be any length – from one paragraph to ten pages – depending on how much evidence the writer wants to introduce to support the claim. Refutation This is where the opposing claims are presented or acknowledged (with quotes from the documents), and then addressed and refuted (disproved) by the writer. When refuting an opposing claim, it is best to use another piece of evidence (like a quote) to show why the writer’s claim is correct and the opposing claim is not. Conclusion This is the final part of the classical argument where the writer summarizes the main points and shows the reader why the claim is important. In some cases, the writer ends with an appeal to the emotion of the reader or audience.

CONFIRMATION

NARRATION

INTRODUCTION

ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY OUTLINE The Hook: Start with an interesting sentence that will “hook” the reader.

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Connection: Write a sentence or two that will help the reader connect with you.

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Claim (Thesis): This is the main argument you are making in your paper.

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Topic Sentence: Introduce the main idea of this paragraph.

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Background Info: Summarize the relevant information the reader needs to know to understand the context of your claim.

Topic Sentence: Introduce the main idea of this paragraph. Argument: Explain one reason your claim is correct.

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Evidence Quote: Use a quote from the documents that supports your claim.

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Analysis: Write an explanation of how this quote supports your claim.

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ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY OUTLINE (Continued)

CONCLUSION

REFUTATION

Topic Sentence / Opposing Claim: Introduce the opposing claim.

Others may argue that ___________________________________

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Opposing Quote: Use a quote that supports the opposing claim.

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Refutation: Write an explanation of why the opposing claim is incorrect.

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Refutation Quote: Use a quote that supports your side of the argument.

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Analysis: Write an explanation of how this quote supports your claim.

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Topic Sentence: Introduce the main idea of this paragraph.

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Confirmation: Summarize the main points of the confirmation section.

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Refutation: Summarize the main points of the refutation section.

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The Closer: End with a powerful statement that wraps up your argument.

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However,

In conclusion,