Inception Report: Executive Summary

Inception Report: Executive Summary Ref. No. 9A000304.01 2011-05-09 OSHPC “Barki Tojik” Republic of Tajikistan Rogun HPP ESIA Environmental and Soci...
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Inception Report: Executive Summary Ref. No. 9A000304.01 2011-05-09

OSHPC “Barki Tojik” Republic of Tajikistan

Rogun HPP ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for Rogun Hydro Power Plant

Report prepared by

in Association with:

Contact:

Dr. Robert Zwahlen Environment and Social Development Specialist Pöyry Energy Ltd. Hardturmstrasse 161, P.O. Box CH-8037 Zurich/Switzerland Tel. +41 44 355 55 54 Mobile +41 76 356 21 13 Fax +41 44 355 55 56 e-mail [email protected] http://www.poyry.com

Photo on front page: view into the construction site for Rogun HPP, just upstream of the dam axis. Picture taken 2011-04-08

Copyright © Pöyry Energy AG All rights are reserved. This document or any part thereof may not be copied or reproduced without permission in writing from Pöyry Energy AG

NOTE: Inception Reports are, by design, based on existing documentation. They are intended to provide a starting point for more detailed information gathering and analysis that will follow. Draft Inception Reports are used to seek input on the work program, informed by the Consultants’ Terms of Reference.

OSHPC “Barki Tojik” Rogun HPP ESIA Inception Report: Executive Summary

PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Date 2011-05-09

Page i

Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

The Assignment......................................................................................................................A The Project .............................................................................................................................A The Study Area....................................................................................................................... B Available Information ............................................................................................................ C Preliminary Screening ............................................................................................................D Development of the Study ...................................................................................................... E

List of Tables Table 1:

Main parameters of Rogun HPP......................................................................................... B

OSHPC “Barki Tojik” Rogun HPP ESIA Inception Report: Executive Summary

PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Date 2011-05-09

Page A

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.

The Assignment This is the Executive Summary of the Inception Report for the Rogun HPP ESIA (Environmental and Social Impact Assessment). After contract negotiations in February 2011, and after having received the no objection from the World Bank, the contract between the Client (Barki Tojik) and the Consultant (Pöyry) was signed on March 25, 2011; this is the starting date of the assignment. The kickoff meeting was held in the Ministry of Energy on April 4, 2011. At the request of the Bank and the Client, the Consultant accepted to submit the Inception report about 3 weeks ahead of the schedule provided in the Contract, in view of the Bank and POE missions at the beginning of May 2011.

2.

The Project Rogun Hydropower project is located on the Vakhsh river about 70 km upstream of the Nurek Dam and in a distance of approximately 110 km east of the capital, Dushanbe. The Vakhsh river originates in Kyrgyzstan, flows through the Pamir-Altai Mountains of Tajikistan and joins the Panj river after 520 km to form the Amu Darya, one of the two rivers flowing into Aral sea. Rogun dam site (27.20 N; 22.95 E) is located in the Rasht region; the construction site and the future reservoir will directly affect Rogun, Nurobod, and Rasht districts (rayons). The Table on the following page provides the essential key figures on the Project that are being used now for the ESIA. These project parameters will have to be checked with TEAS and, if required, adapted. Development of the Project started in mid-1960’s. In 1978 the detailed design for a 335 m high embankment dam and 6 x 600 MW generating units to be installed in an underground powerhouse was finalised; main construction started in 1982. Main parts of the underground works and a 45 m high cofferdam were constructed until 1990 when the work came to a halt due to political changes and the independence of Tajikistan. In 1993 the diversion tunnels were clogged and the cofferdam was overtopped and destroyed during a flood. Presently, repair work on the underground structures is under way. Rogun HPP is the uppermost of a planned - and partly built - cascade on the Vakhsh river. Six of the plants are already operating, the largest of them being Nurek with an installed capacity of 3’000 MW. Sangtuda-2 HPP is nearing completion, and Shurob is in the stage of research. The effects of this cascade and the effect of Rogun HPP on water availability in the downstream area, and especially on the riparian countries, will have to be taken into account.

OSHPC “Barki Tojik” Rogun HPP ESIA

PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Date 2011-05-09

Page B

Inception Report: Executive Summary

Table 1:

Main parameters of Rogun HPP

Parameter / Параметр 1. Dam / Плотина Type / Тип Height / Высота Crest length / Длина по гребню Crest elevation / Отметка гребня Riverbed elevation / Высота русла реки Volume / Высота русла реки 2. Reservoir / Водохранилище Full supply level (FSL) / Площадь резервуара при ПУВ Area at FSL / Участок в ПУВ Total volume at FSL / Общий объем в ПУВ Live volume / Полезный объем Minimum operation level (MOL) / Минимальный эксплуатационный уровень (МЭУ) Area at MOL / Площадь при Минимальном эксплуатационном уровне 3. Power house and capacity / Электростанция и мощность Powerhouse type / Тип электростанции (подземный, надземный)

Unit

Единица

Phase 1

Phase 2

m m m asl m asl 106 m³

м м м н.у. м.a м н.у. м.a 106м3

100

335 620 1’300

m asl km² 106 m³ 106 m³

м н.у. м.a км2 106м3 106м3

m asl km²

м н.у. м.a км2

Total installed capacity (tentative) / Общая установленная мощность (предполагаемый) Turbine type / Тип турбины Number of units / Количество турбин Capacity of turbines / Мощность турбины Turbine output / Расход воды в турбине Total head / Номинальный напор 4. Waterways / Характеристики турбины Water intake level / Уровень водозаборного сооружения Headrace tunnel (N, length) / Подводящий туннель (Н / длина) Penstock length / Длина напорного трубопровода Tailrace tunnel length / Длина водоотводящего туннеля 5. Hydrology / Гидрология Catchment area / Район охвата Average river discharge at dam site / Средняя величина речного расхода на участке плотины Annual rainfall / Годовые дождевые осадки Potential annual evapo-transpiration / Потенциальное годовое суммарное испарение (эвапотранспирация) 6. Transmission lines / Линия передачи Nominal voltage / Номинальное напряжение Length / Длина Nominal voltage / Номинальное напряжение Length / Длина 7. Access Roads / Подъездные дороги Construction (new road) / Строительство (новая дорога) Improvement of existing road / Улучшение существующей дороги

MW

МВт

N MW m³/s m

ШТ МВт м3/с м

m asl N/m m m

м н.у. м.a Н/м м м

km² m³/s

км2 м3/с

mm mm

мм мм

kV km kV km

кВ км кВ км

500

km km

км км

11

1’060c

1’055 c >250 1055

1’290 170 13’300 8’600 1’185 50.6

Underground / Underground / надземный надземный 240 3’600 (2x600)b (6x600 2 2

6

80

6x274 245

1035 448

1152 – 1172 514 2x850

631

30’390 631 700-838 806

500

11

a

м над уровнем моря due to low head capacity limited to 120 MW c the definition of Phase 1 is likley to be changed, from a reservoir with FSL of 1055 m asl to 1110 m asl b

3.

The Study Area The study area is located in the Amu Dary basin. For the purpose of the study, it has to be subdivided into the following main parts, which will experience different types of impacts from the Project and which therefore have to be dealt with in different ways:

OSHPC “Barki Tojik” Rogun HPP ESIA

PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Date 2011-05-09

Inception Report: Executive Summary

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Dam and powerhouse site and surroundings (including construction sites, construction camps, quarries, borrow and disposal areas, etc.). This area will be affected in a relevant and permanent way by the Project, and therefore it will be a high intensity area for field investigations.



Reservoir area: the future reservoir, i.e. the area which will be covered by water (approximately 170 km2), is also an area in which the effects of the Project will be very apparent and permanent and which therefore needs to be considered in detail (especially the resettlement of 63 villages).



Immediate reservoir catchment: area directly surrounding the reservoir, which can be influenced by the project in different ways (change in groundwater regime, triggering of landsides, increasing pressure on habitats, etc.).



Downstream area during the construction phase: the main effect here is the risk of water pollution, including any increase in sediment load, and its potential impacts on water users in this area.



Downstream area during operation phase: starts below the powerhouse outlet, where turbine operation in Stage 1 and Stage 2 will influence the release of water and the river discharge pattern. This area can be divided into three main parts: o Between Rogun HPP and Nurek reservoir; o Below Nurek HPP until the confluence with Panj River (forming the Amu Darya); o Amu Darya in the riparian countries.

4.



Catchment area: will not be affected by the Project as such, but the situation there can greatly influence the reservoir, by eutrophication and pollution of the reservoir water by input of nutrients (stemming mainly from agriculture and human settlements) and siltation of the reservoir (due to erosion in the catchment, which again is often caused or at least considerably exacerbated by human activities).



River basin: for some effects, other developments in the same river basin have to be taken into account, since they can increase or reduce environmental (or social) effects of the project in question. Here, results of the SEA (Strategic Environmental Assessment, to be carried out under a separate assignment) for the river basin will have to be integrated in the ESIA.



Access roads: the project does not require the construction of any new access roads. Work for upgrading the existing road to Rogun from the main road near Obigarm is presently under way.



Other areas, as e.g., transmission line corridors, resettlement areas, or areas to be occupied for the relocation of infrastructure (e.g. roads).

Available Information The available information according to the TOR consists of the following: 1. The original project of 1978 2. The Lahmeyer Study of 2006

OSHPC “Barki Tojik” Rogun HPP ESIA

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Inception Report: Executive Summary

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3. The Hydroprojekt Study of 2009. This information was checked by the Consultant during the initial phase of the assignment. As expected, it was seen that most of it is purely technical information, which is not of direct relevance for the ESIA. Useful information (as e.g. for geology, hydrology and some information on the biological aspects) is being analysed and will be used as appropriate in the study. The technical project used as a basis for the ESIA is basically the 1978 project and the updates of this project in the 2009 study. 5.

Preliminary Screening The very short time period available for preparing the Inception Report allowed only for a very preliminary screening; some first indications of this are summarised below: 

Geology: the available documents mentioned above contain information on the geological situation of the dam site, including information on fault systems and seismicity. Specific problems of the project site are the sediment flow, the risk of landslides and a large salt layer. As per the TOR, the work for this subject will have to be coordinated with TEAS.



Hydrology: in order to evaluate the effects of Rogun HPP on the hydrology of Vakhsh river d/s of the dam site, the entire cascade including Nurek, Baipasa and Sangtuda 1 and 2 will have to be analysed. One point that is of special importance is the amount of water flowing to the riparian countries, both in terms of quantity and annual distribution. Potential effects of climate change on river flows also need to be determined.



Vegetation and flora: the project area is very mountainous, and the vegetation can accordingly be described in belts of different elevations. The Project will have direct effects on the lower parts of Vakhsh valley upstream of the dam site, which are characterised mainly by meadows and shrubland, much of which were converted to agricultural land. Forested areas occur usually at altitudes above the planned reservoir level, but in some places, mainly on slopes with a northerly exposition, they reach elevations of below 1300 m asl. Forests are generally open, and strongly influenced by human use.



Aquatic fauna: nine species of fish are known to occur in Vakhsh river upstream of Nurek reservoir. The Nurek reservoir is inhabited by a number of carp species (silver carp, bighead carp), which are commercial fish species.



Protected areas: one important protected area, the Tigrovaya Balka State National Reserve, is located in the lowermost part of the Vakhsh river basin, down to its confluence with Panj river (where these two rivers form Amu Darya), close to the border with Afghanistan. This reserve, with an area of 49’786 ha, located about 200 km south of Dushanbe, is of great importance for the conservation of the Tugai ecosystem and its unique fauna and flora. It is necessary to study the effects of Rogun HPP on the seasonal dynamics, including floods, of Vaksh River, on which this ecosystem depends.



Resettlement: one major impact of the Project is the formation of a reservoir with an area of 170 km², which will submerge a total of 63 villages. Approximately 6’000 households (ca. 44’000 persons) will have to be resettled.

OSHPC “Barki Tojik” Rogun HPP ESIA

PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Date 2011-05-09

Inception Report: Executive Summary

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The resettlement started already in the 1980ies, and was then interrupted when the Project came to a halt. It has now been resumed, and resettlement activities are under way. One main objective of the ESIA is to check compatibility of this resettlement with World Bank standards and to make proposals for improvement, if required.

6.



Archaeology and cultural heritage: the project area is known to have been inhabited already during the stone age, more than 15’000 years ago. In historical times, the valley was part of the silk road leading to China and India. There are a number of sites of archaeological importance, like e.g. an ancient fortress in Komsomolobod and tombs dating back as far as the first and second century.



Situation on the construction site: first short visits were made to the construction sites. These allowed making a number of observations which are of relevance for the Environment, Health and Safety system (EHSS) to be developed for the construction site. The Consultant will be developing and upgrading the EHSS in the course of the further studies to achieve alignment with international standards and good international practice.

Development of the Study Presently, work is under way for the preparation of the Screening Report, which according to the schedule is due on May 20. This comprises a more thorough analysis of available data, a number of meetings and discussions with various stakeholders involved in the process, as well as some additional site visits.