Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01250-9 - South Korea’s Rise: Economic Development, Power, and Foreign Relations Uk Heo and Terence Roehrig Frontmatter More information
South Korea’s Rise
South Korea’s phenomenal rise has been studied extensively by political scientists and economists, both in terms of its impact on democratization and as a role model for economic development. Yet little attention has been devoted to exploring the nexus between economic development and foreign policy. In South Korea’s Rise, Uk Heo and Terence Roehrig propose a new theoretical framework to illustrate how an increase in a country’s economic prosperity can bring about change to its foreign policy, prompting greater involvement in the international system, the transition to democracy, an expanded set of interests, and increased tools to pursue its foreign policy goals. Analysis of the foreign policy of South Korea, as a rising middle power, is crucial to our understanding of the power structure and future relations in East Asia. This is essential reading for all students and scholars with an interest in Asia, foreign policy, and global economics. u k h e o is Professor of Political Science at the University of Wisconsin– Milwaukee and International Scholar at Kyung Hee University. te r e n c e r o e h r i g is a Professor of National Security Affairs and the Director of the Asia-Pacific Studies Group at the US Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. He is also a Research Fellow at the Kennedy School at Harvard University on the International Security Program.
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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01250-9 - South Korea’s Rise: Economic Development, Power, and Foreign Relations Uk Heo and Terence Roehrig Frontmatter More information
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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01250-9 - South Korea’s Rise: Economic Development, Power, and Foreign Relations Uk Heo and Terence Roehrig Frontmatter More information
South Korea’s Rise Economic Development, Power, and Foreign Relations Uk Heo University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
Terence Roehrig US Naval War College
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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01250-9 - South Korea’s Rise: Economic Development, Power, and Foreign Relations Uk Heo and Terence Roehrig Frontmatter More information
University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107690530
© Uk Heo and Terence Roehrig 2014 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2014 Printed in the United Kingdom by Clays, St Ives plc A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data Heo, Uk, 1962– South Korea’s rise: economic development, power, and foreign relations / UK Heo, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and Terence Roehrig, US Naval War College. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-107-01250-9 (hardback) 1. Korea (South) – Foreign relations – 2002– 2. Korea (South) – Foreign economic relations. 3. Korea (South) – Economic conditions – 21st century. I. Roehrig, Terence, 1955– II. Title. JZ1747.H46 2014 327.5195 – dc23 2014007604 ISBN 978-1-107-01250-9 Hardback ISBN 978-1-107-69053-0 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01250-9 - South Korea’s Rise: Economic Development, Power, and Foreign Relations Uk Heo and Terence Roehrig Frontmatter More information
This book is dedicated to our wives, Sooho Song and Amy Roehrig.
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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01250-9 - South Korea’s Rise: Economic Development, Power, and Foreign Relations Uk Heo and Terence Roehrig Frontmatter More information
© in this web service Cambridge University Press
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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01250-9 - South Korea’s Rise: Economic Development, Power, and Foreign Relations Uk Heo and Terence Roehrig Frontmatter More information
Contents
List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements 1 Introduction
page viii ix xi 1
2 Economic development, state power, and foreign policy
10
3 Inter-Korean relations: confrontation, economic exchanges, and the nuclear crisis
28
4 South Korea and the United States: from dependency to partnership
50
5 South Korea, Russia, and China: from adversaries to economic partners
67
6 South Korea and Japan: an ambivalent relationship
88
7 South Korea and the European Union: evolving cooperation and competition
110
8 South Korea and India: opportunities and obstacles
128
9 South Korea and the developing world: Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia
147
10 Contributing to the international community: from consumer to producer
166
11 Conclusion
183
Bibliography Index
190 212
vii
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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01250-9 - South Korea’s Rise: Economic Development, Power, and Foreign Relations Uk Heo and Terence Roehrig Frontmatter More information
Figures
2.1 Theoretical framework 3.1 South Korea’s aid to North Korea (USD thousands) 3.2 Inter-Korean trade relations (USD thousands)
page 12 46 47
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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01250-9 - South Korea’s Rise: Economic Development, Power, and Foreign Relations Uk Heo and Terence Roehrig Frontmatter More information
Tables
4.1 ROK–US trade, 1991–2012 (USD billions) page 64 5.1 Trade amount between South Korea and Soviet Union/Russia, 1977–2012 73 5.2 FDI between South Korea and Russia (amount declared, in USD thousands) 75 5.3 Trade amount between South Korea and China, 1980–2012 81 5.4 FDI between South Korea and China, 1989–2012 82 6.1 South Korea–Japan trade, 1960–2012 (USD billions) 92 6.2 FDI flows from South Korea to Japan (USD millions) 94 6.3 FDI flows from Japan to South Korea (USD millions) 95 6.4 Japanese tourism to South Korea, 2008–12 98 7.1 Trade between South Korea and the EU (USD thousands) 119 7.2 FDI between South Korea and the EU (amount declared, USD thousands) 125 8.1 Economic statistics: India and South Korea 129 8.2 ROK–India trade (USD billions) 134 8.3 Bilateral trade as a share of total trade in 2007 (percent) 135 9.1 Top Africa trade partners – total trade (trade balance, in USD millions) 150 9.2 Total trade – South Korea and top Latin American trade partners (USD millions) 152 9.3 Total trade with South Korea, 1992 and 2012 (USD millions) 156 9.4 Total trade – South Korea and top Southeast Asia trade partners (USD billions) 162 10.1 Examples of ROK membership in multilateral organizations 167 10.2 South Korean Official Development Assistance (ODA), 2004–12 170 ix
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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01250-9 - South Korea’s Rise: Economic Development, Power, and Foreign Relations Uk Heo and Terence Roehrig Frontmatter More information
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List of tables
10.3 Republic of Korea’s current UN peacekeeping operations, June 30, 2013 10.4 Top fifteen financial contributors to UN peacekeeping operations in 2013
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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01250-9 - South Korea’s Rise: Economic Development, Power, and Foreign Relations Uk Heo and Terence Roehrig Frontmatter More information
Acknowledgements
We began to think about writing this book several years ago. South Korea’s phenomenal economic rise was well known. Over the years, scholars and analysts have written many studies that examine South Korea’s rise as an economic role model for other countries in the developing world. Others have examined the role South Korea’s economic development played in the country’s political transition and path to democratization. Yet it seemed to us that there was a serious gap in the literature regarding how South Korea’s economic development has affected its foreign policy and role in international relations. We hope this book begins to fill that gap while also providing theoretical insights for the study of other rising powers and the impact economic development has on foreign relations. There are many people to thank for helping us bring this project to fruition. First and foremost, we want to thank the Academy of Korean Studies. This work was supported by an Academy of Korean Studies (KSPS) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (AKS-2012AAZ-2101). Their support for this project has been most helpful. We would also like to thank those scholars and mentors who have helped us throughout our academic careers. There are too many to mention all of them by name but we owe a particular debt of gratitude to Alex Mintz and David Tarr. We would also like to thank Hayam Kim and Wondeuk Cho for their excellent research assistance. Also we wish to extend our thanks to Dr. Lucy Rhymer and the editors at Cambridge University Press. Their patience and advice have helped make this a far better project. Finally, we want to thank our wives, Sooho and Amy, to whom we dedicate this book. We thank them for their unending patience and support, without which we would not have been able to finish this project.
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