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improving process heat economy: heat transport P.W. Bach Presented at the kick-off meeting of lEA Annex 18 in Bad Tölz, 14-15 November...
improving process heat economy: heat transport P.W. Bach Presented at the kick-off meeting of lEA Annex 18 in Bad Tölz, 14-15 November2005
Revisions A 15 December 2005, draft version B 16 December 2005; final version Made by: Approved by: ECN Energy Efficiency in Industry =.W. Bach l~, ~z- o$ Checked by: / / Waste heat technology Issued/~~ W.G. Haije
P.T, Alderliesten December 2005
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1.
Introduction
The presentation ‘Improving process heat economy:heat transport’ ‘Appendix A’ was given at the kick-off meeting of the IEA Annex 18 in Bad Tölz, 14-15 November 2005. The attendees are given in the table below.
Horst Pieter James Julian Johannes Jan Hendrik Peter Stefan Andreas Günther Astrid Jochen Alfred Volkmar Victoria Harald Hiromi Ed Udo Peter Fredrik Ichiro Klaus Georg Ronald Helge Baldur Kato
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Institution Institut für ZukunftsEnergieSysteme IZES ECN / EEI Earth Source Energy Systems Halifax Regional Municipality GfA Fürstenfeldbruck SI GmbH University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE ZAE Bayern GE Jenbacher ZAE Bayern ZeoSys GmbH Promaco GmbH PTJ Projektträger Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Royal Institue of Technology, Stockholm ZAE Bayern Mitsubishi Chemical Engineering Corporation Public Works and Government Services ZAE Bayern Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE Konsult AB Kurimoto Ltd. ZAE Bayern ZAE Bayern Transheat GmbH Tricat Zeolites GmbH Chemiewerk Bad Köstritz GmbH Tokyo Institute of Technology
Country Germany The Netherlands Canada Canada Germany Germany Switzerland Germany Germany Austria Germany Germany Germany Germany Sweden Germany Japan Canada Germany Germany Sweden Japan Germany Germany Germany Germany Germany Japan
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Appendix A PowerPoint presentation
Improving process heat economy: Heat transport Pieter Bach
Content 1. ECN • Mission, global figures, R&D units 2. Energy Efficiency in Industry • Waste Heat Technology 3. Transport of heat study
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1. Energy research Centre of the Netherlands “ To develop high level knowledge and technology needed for the transition towards a sustainable energy supply “
IEA annex 18
Number of employees Turn over Governmental subsidy Contract research
ECN units (1) Energy Efficiency in Industry Policy Studies Sustainable Energy in the Built Environment Solar Energy Wind Energy
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ECN units (2) Biomass Clean Fossil Fuels Fuel Cell Technology
Technological Services Facilities
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2. Energy Efficiency in Industry
Energy carrier
IEA annex 18
Energy function
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Industrial Waste Heat
Cumulative waste heat (PJ)
300
250 PJ ≈ 8 billion m3 natural gas ≈ 1 billion € each year
250 200
Mismatch - temperature - time - place
150 100 50 0 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Temperature (ºC)
Cumulative industrial waste heat in the Netherlands process industry
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Waste heat in chemical base industry EU15 Distribution of the waste heat sources from the European Chemical Base Industry i it and temperature classes scaled from the Dutch t 2500
>= 120 >= 80
Number of sources
2000
>= 50 1500
1000
500
0 0.0-0.5
0.5-1.0
1.0-2.5
2.5-5..0
5.0-10.0
>10.0
Waste Heat capacity class [MW]
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Industrial waste heat
Demand for heat > 140 ºC Demand for cooling –40 to 15 ºC Demand for storage and transport
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Industrial Waste Heat Temperature • Needed are heat pumps working at temperature levels > 100°C with temperature lifts in the order of 50-100°C Time • Needed are heat storage concepts with high storage density and low losses Place • Needed are heat transport concepts with low losses
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EEI - Technologies To contribute to technology development that leads to substantial reduction of energy and material use in energy intensive (industrial) production processes
Waste heat technology (10 fte) • Heat pumps for heat and cold production • Heat storage • Heat transport
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The thermochemical concept Qin
Qout
T1
T2
STORAGE
T4
Qout
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Qin
T3
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Heat transport study A literature investigation into thermochemical reactions: • most promising organic reaction in the 80-120 °C range: the isopropanol → acetone + hydrogen reaction CH3-CHOH-CH3 + heat ↔ CH3-CO-CH3 + H2 (55 kJ/mol) A technical system study: • ASPEN PLUS flowsheeting • 50 km heat transport distance • several T, p conditions. Microflow experiments: • reactions • several catalytic materials
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Aspen Plus flowsheet isopropanol → acetone + hydrogen reaction
PIPE-2 COMP
11
10
9
2
COOL-2 3
HE-2
PIPE-1
4
5
R-HYDRO
HE-1
6
7
COOL-1 COL
1
8 13
Flowschema Thermochemisch Warmtetransport IPA 12
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COP and enthalpy efficiency versus T Invloed temperatuur warmteput op COP en enthalpisch rendemen t Temperatuur warmtebron 80 C, Compressorpersdruk 3.5 bara, 2 bar totale drukval over pijpen, DeltaT=20 C
6
30
5
29
4 28 Enthalpisch
COP 3 [-]
27
rendement [%]
2 26
1 0 0
50
100
25 200
150
Temperatuur warmteput [C]
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COP versus pressure drop
Maximale COP mogelijk vs. totale drukval pijpen 25 COP [-]
120 C
20 15
80 C
10 5 0 0
1
2
3
4
Total Drukval Pijpen [bar]
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Results Aspen Plus study: • a 50 km TC transport system for 100 MW 80 °C heat • a pressure drop of 2 bar: • enthalpy efficiency of 27% • COP of 5.1. • no economical advantage over conventional heat transport. Experiments: • selectivity < 100% • byproducts Cx → tar
