Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet
Purwiyatno Hariyadi**)
*)
Presented at “Wheyy Protein Health and Fitness Seminar”,, Jakarta,, 13 July, y, 2011
**)
Director of Southeast Asian Food & Agricultural Science & Technology (SEAFAST) Center, and Professor of Food Process Engineering, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet Start
Overview of protein intake in Indonesia/Southeast Asian region 9 Dietary recommendations on local protein requirement (including men vs. women) 9 Current protein intake levels; are people getting enough? 9 Sources and quality of protein
Opportunities for whey protein in the local diet and health context END
9 Where can whey protein play a role? 9 Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
1
The word “protein” Dr. Ponnusamy (2010 ), Rutgers U
Derived from the Greek word proteios, p which means “of the first rank”
Coined by Jon Berzelius (Swedish chemist) discovered that an extract of potatoes is more effective than concentrated sulfuric acid in promoting the breakdown of starch Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Proteios Æ “of the first rank” Dr. Ponnusamy (2010 ), Rutgers U
• • • • •
No living tissue can be built without protein Protein is part of every living cell Proteins account for ~ 20% of body weight Proteins come in many forms Proteins perform many vital functions
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
2
Vital Functions of Protein Dr. Ponnusamy (2010 ), Rutgers U • Biological Processing – Enzymes – over 2000 – catalyze reactions – Hormones – regulate metabolic reactions – Immune functions - antibodies (immunoglobulins)
• Transport and Storage
Protein plays l important role
– hemoglobin, myoglobin, lipoproteins
• Structural for Mechanical Support – keratin, collagen, elastin – body b d structures t t include i l d skin, ki h hair, i nails, il membranes, muscles, teeth, bones, organs
• Contractile (Muscle proteins) – myosin, actin, tubulin
Protein Intake in Indonesia/ Southeast Asian region
? Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Dietary Protein Consumption (g/person/day) of selected ASEAN Countries (http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-fs/fs-data/ess-fadata/en/) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
1990‐92 1995‐97 2000‐02 2005‐07
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
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Dietary Animal Protein Consumption (g/person/day) of selected ASEAN Countries (http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-fs/fs-data/ess-fadata/en/) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
1990‐92 1995‐97 2003‐05
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Prevalence of undernourishment*) in total population (percentage) of selected ASEAN Countries (http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-fs/fs-data/ess-fadata/en/) 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
1990‐1992 1995‐1997 2000‐2002 2005‐2007
*)
Undernourishment refers to the condition of people whose dietary energy consumption is continuously below a minimum dietary energy requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out a light physical activity with an acceptable minimum body-weight for attainedheight. Brunei Darussalam & Malaysia : less than 5 % Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
4
Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet Start
Overview of protein intake in Indonesia/Southeast Asian region 9 Dietary recommendations on local protein requirement (including men vs. women) 9 Current protein intake levels; are people getting enough? 9 Sources and quality of protein
Opportunities for whey protein in the local diet and health context END
9 Where can whey protein play a role? 9 Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance) for Protein = Recommended Protein Intakes • Dietary recommendations on local protein requirement (including men vs vs. women) – As a percentage of total calories: • Protein should provide 10‐35% of total calories
– As an absolute number (grams per day). • A healthy adult should consume 0.8 gram per kilogram of desirable b d body weight per day h d – Calculation:
» Weigh: 150 pounds = 68 Kg (150/2.2) » Grams protein: 68 x 0.8 = 54g protein Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
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RDA (AKG = Angka Kecukupan Gizi) Indonesia (Widya Karya Pangan & Gizi, 2004) Age Group
5.5 8.5 12 18 24
60 71 90 110 120
550 650 1000 1550 1800
12 15 23 32 37
350 350 350 360 406
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7
3 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.9
2.5 3.8 5.4 7.6 8.1
0.1 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.9
22 32 40 60 81
30 35 40 45 45
600 400 500 500 500
200 250 250 350 400
Iro n (m g) 3 5 8 9 10
30 45 56 62
135 150 160 165
2050 2400 2500 Mild 2800 Medium 3000 Heavy 3600 2200
45 69 66 55 55 55 55
450 600 600 600 600 600 600
0.8 0.9 1 1 1.1 1.3 0.8
1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.6 1
8.6 9.7 10 10.6 11.9 14.3 8.6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
90 125 165 170 170 170 170
50 60 60 60 60 60 60
700 700 600 500 500 500 500
500 500 500 500 500 500 500
14 17 23 13 13 13 13
15 15 15 15 15 15 15
1900 2100 2000 Mild 2050 Medium 2250 Heavy 2600 1850 285
54 62 51 48 48 48 48 12
500 500 500 500 500 500 500 200
0.7 0.8 08 0.8 0.9 0.9 1 0.7 0.2
0.9 1 09 0.9 1 1 1.2 0.9 0.2
7.7 8.4 81 8.1 8.4 9.3 10.6 7.5 1.3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.3
100 130 150 150 150 150 150 150
50 60 60 60 60 60 60 10
700 700 600 500 500 500 500 400
450 450 450 450 450 450 450 200
14 19 25 26 26 26 14 20
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 5
700 500 400
16 12 11
350 300 250
0.3 0.3 0.2
0.4 0.3 0.2
3.1 2.2 1.8
0.3 0.3 0.3
50 40 25
25 10 10
400 400 300
300 200 200
2 2 2
10 10 5
Body Height Weight
0-6 mts 7-12 mts yyrs 1-3 4-6 yrs 7-9 yrs Male 10-12 yrs 13-15 yrs 16-19 yrs 20-59 yrs
60 yrs Female 10-12 yrs 13-15 yrs 16 19 yrs 16-19 20-59 yrs
62
165
35 46 50 54
140 153 153 156
>60 yrs 54 (+) pregnant (+) breast feeding 0-6 mts 7-12 mts 13-24 mts
154
Energy (Kcal )
Vit. Protein Vit. A Thiamin Riflavin Niacin B12 (mg) ( RE) ( mg) (mg) ( mg) (ug)
Folic Acid (ug)
Vit.C Calcium (mg) (mg)
Phosphor (mg)
Zink (mg) 3 5 10 10 10
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RDA (AKG = Angka Kecukupan Gizi) Indonesia (Widya Karya Pangan & Gizi, 2004) Age Group 0-6 7-12 1-3 4-6 7-9
months months years years years
Body Weight
Energy (Kcal )
Protein (mg)
5.5 8.5 12 18 24
560 800 1250 1750 1900
12 15 23 32 37
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
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RDA (AKG = Angka Kecukupan Gizi) Indonesia (Widya Karya Pangan & Gizi, 2004) Age Group
Body Weight
Male 10-12 13-15 16-19 20-59
years years years years
30 45 56 62
60
years
62
Energy (Kcal )
Protein (mg)
2000 2400 2500 Mild 2800 Medim 3000 Heavy 3600 2200
45 69 66 55 55 55 55
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RDA (AKG = Angka Kecukupan Gizi) Indonesia (Widya Karya Pangan & Gizi, 2004) Body Weight
Energy (Kcal )
years years years years
35 46 50 54
1900 2100 2000
years
54
Age Group Female 10-12 13-15 16-19 20-59
>60 EXTRA?
(+) pregnant (+) breast feeding 0-6 months 7-12 months 13-24 months
Protein (mg)
Mild 2050 Medium 2250 Heavy 2600 1850
54 62 51 48 48 48 48
285
12
700 500 400
16 12 11 Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
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RDA (AKG = Angka Kecukupan Gizi) Indonesia (Widya Karya Pangan & Gizi, 2004) Energy (kcal/kg BW/d day)
100 90 male female
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
0-5 mths
6-11 mths
1-3 yrs
4-6 yrs
7-9 yrs
13-15 yrs 19-29 yrs 10-12 yrs 16-18 yrs Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RDA (AKG = Angka Kecukupan Gizi) Indonesia (Widya Karya Pangan & Gizi, 2004) 2.0 1.8
male female
Protein (g/kg BW/day)
16 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 04 0.4 0.2 0.0
0-5 mths 1-3 yrs 7-9 yrs 13-15 yrs 19-29 yrs 6-11 mths 4-6 yrs 10-12 yrs 16-18 yrs 30-59 yrs Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
8
Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet Start
Overview of protein intake in Indonesia/Southeast Asian region 9 Dietary recommendations on local protein requirement (including men vs. women) 9 Current protein intake levels; are people getting enough? 9 Sources and quality of protein
Opportunities for whey protein in the local diet and health context 9 Where can whey protein play a role? 9 Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet
END
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Dietary Protein Consumption (g/person/day), average, based on Province in Indonesia (Riskesdas, 2007) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
9
Percentage of population consuming protein < 80% RDA (Based on Provinces)
(Riskesdas, 2010)
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Percentage of population consuming protein < 80% RDA (Based on Age Groups)
(Riskesdas, 2010)
(Women at Reporductive Age)
(Pregnant Women)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
10
Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet Start
Overview of protein intake in Indonesia/Southeast Asian region 9 Dietary recommendations on local protein requirement (including men vs. women) 9 Current protein intake levels; are people getting enough? 9 Sources and quality of protein
Opportunities for whey protein in the local diet and health context 9 Where can whey protein play a role? 9 Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet
END
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Source of protein (g/capita.day; based on frood groups); 1999, 2002 - 2009 No.
Food Groups
1 Cereals
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
25,04
24,42
24,29
24,05
23,69
23,33
22,43
22,75
22,06
2 Roots/Tubers
0,43
0,43
0,44
0,53
0,45
0,41
0,4
0,42
0,33
3 Fish
6,07
7,17
7,91
7,65
8,02
7,49
7,77
7,94
7,28
4 Meat
, 1,33
2,26 ,
2,62 ,
2,54 ,
2,61 ,
1,95 ,
2,62 ,
2,4 ,
2,22 ,
5 Egg and Milk
1,43
2,33
2,22
2,38
2,71
2,51
3,23
3,05
2,96
6 vegetables
2,23
2,49
2,75
2,57
2,52
2,66
3,02
3,01
2,58
7 Nuts
4,81
6,36
5,85
5,52
6,31
5,88
6,51
5,49
5,19
8 Fruits
0,33
0,45
0,46
0,43
0,43
0,39
0,57
0,52
0,41
9 oils and fats
0,42
0,53
0,54
0,48
0,48
0,45
0,46
0,39
0,34
10 beverages
0,79
1,13
1,01
1,03
1,08
1
1,13
1,06
0,98
11 spices & condiments
0,66
0,79
0,69
0,71
0,82
0,81
0,76
0,73
0,68
12 Others
0,53
0,75
0,74
0,76
1,03
0,95
1,43
1,37
1,21
13 Processed Foods
4,62
5,34
5,84
6,01
6,44*)
5.83 *)
7,33 *)
8,36 *)
8,10 *)
14 Minuman beralkohol
0
0
0
0
-
-
-
-
-
15 Tembakau dan sirih
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
48,67
54,45
55,37
54,65
55,27
53,65
57,66
57,49
54,35
JUMLAH
Sumber : Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional , Modul Konsumsi 1999, 2002 dan 2005 (2003, 2004 dan 2006 hanya mencakup panel 10.000 rumahtangga, sedangkan 2007, 2008 dan 2009 mencakup panel 68.800 rumah tangga) Catatan : *) Termasuk minuman beralkohol
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
11
Source of protein (g/capita.day; based on frood groups); 1999, 2002 - 2009 No.
Food Groups
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Cereals Roots/Tubers Fish Meat Egg and Milk vegetables Nuts Fruits oils and fats beverages p & condiments spices Others Processed Foods JUMLAH
2007 22,43 0,4 7,77 2,62 3,23 3,02 6,51 0,57 0,46 1,13 0,76 , 1,43 7,33 *) 57,66
2008 22,75 0,42 7,94 2,4 3,05 3,01 5,49 0,52 0,39 1,06 0,73 , 1,37 8,36 *) 57,49
2009 22,06 0,33 7,28 2,22 2,96 2,58 5,19 0,41 0,34 0,98 0,68 , 1,21 8,10 *) 54,35
Sumber : Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional , Modul Konsumsi 1999, 2002 dan 2005 (2003, 2004 dan 2006 hanya mencakup panel 10.000 rumahtangga, sedangkan 2007, 2008 dan 2009 mencakup panel 68.800 rumah tangga) Catatan : *) Termasuk minuman beralkohol
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Source of protein (g/capita.day; based on frood groups); 1999, 2002 - 2009 g/kapita
25 20 15 10 2007 5
2008
0
2009
Sumber : Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional , Modul Konsumsi 1999, 2002 dan 2005 (2003, 2004 dan 2006 hanya mencakup panel 10.000 rumahtangga, sedangkan 2007, 2008 dan 2009 mencakup panel 68.800 rumah tangga) Catatan : *) Termasuk minuman beralkohol
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
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Contribution (% %)
Contribution to protein consumption (%; based on frood groups); 1999, 2002 - 2009 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
2007 2008 2009
Sumber : Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional , Modul Konsumsi 1999, 2002 dan 2005 (2003, 2004 dan 2006 hanya mencakup panel 10.000 rumahtangga, sedangkan 2007, 2008 dan 2009 mencakup panel 68.800 rumah tangga) Catatan : *) Termasuk minuman beralkohol
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Contribution to protein consumption (%; based on frood groups); 1999, 2002 - 2009
22 5
11 1
1
4 41
5 10 13 15
Cereals Processed foods Fish Nuts Eggs & Milk Vegetables Meats Others Beverages Spices & Condiments Fruits Oils and Fats Roots and Tubers
Sumber : Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional , Modul Konsumsi 1999, 2002 dan 2005 (2003, 2004 dan 2006 hanya mencakup panel 10.000 rumahtangga, sedangkan 2007, 2008 dan 2009 mencakup panel 68.800 rumah tangga) Catatan : *) Termasuk minuman beralkohol
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
13
Contribution to protein consumption (%; based on frood groups); 1999, 2002 - 2009
5
Plant Protein cereals, nuts, vegies, fruits, roots)
15
Animal Protein (Fish, eggs milk meats) eggs, milk, meats) Processed foods
23
58
Others (beverages, Oils & Fats)
Sumber : Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional , Modul Konsumsi 1999, 2002 dan 2005 (2003, 2004 dan 2006 hanya mencakup panel 10.000 rumahtangga, sedangkan 2007, 2008 dan 2009 mencakup panel 68.800 rumah tangga) Catatan : *) Termasuk minuman beralkohol
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
[email protected]
Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet Start
Overview of protein intake in Indonesia/Southeast Asian region 9 Dietary recommendations on local protein requirement (including men vs. women) 9 Current protein intake levels; are people getting enough? 9 Sources and quality of protein
Opportunities for whey protein in the local diet and health context END
9 Where can whey protein play a role? 9 Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet Purwiyatno Hariyadi
[email protected]
Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
14
Where can whey protein play a role? Whey? •Milk Protein •High Hi h in i sulfur lf containing t i i amino i acids id •antioxidant •anticarcinogen •immune stimulating •High concentrations of the branched chain amino acids - muscles
http://www.wheyoflife.org/faq.cfm#1
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Where can whey protein play a role? Reported Whey Benefits • Cardiovascular benefits (antihypertensive and hypocholesteremic) • Anticarcenogenic effects • Antibacterial and antiviral properties • Antioxidant actions • Immune system stimulation • Improved bone formation/reduced bone loss • Increased mineral absorption • Reduction of tooth enamel demineralization and plaque formation • Appetite suppression • Rebuilding R b ildi off muscle l tissue ti
Ingredients, With functionality
Processed Foods
?
• Will be discussed by next presenter Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
15
Where can whey protein play a role? 15
Plant Protein cereals, nuts, vegies, fruits, roots)
5
Whey
Animal Protein (Fish, eggs milk meats) eggs, milk, meats) Processed foods
58
23
Others (beverages, Oils & Fats)
Contribution to protein consumption (%; based on frood groups); 1999, 2002 - 2009 Sumber : Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional , Modul Konsumsi 1999, 2002 dan 2005 (2003, 2004 dan 2006 hanya mencakup panel 10.000 rumahtangga, sedangkan 2007, 2008 dan 2009 mencakup panel 68.800 rumah tangga) Catatan : *) Termasuk minuman beralkohol
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Where can whey protein play a role? Processed foods
15
5
Example :
Whey
23
58
• Meat balls • Nuggets • Sausages • Gel-based snacks • Etc
Contribution to protein consumption (%; based on frood groups); 1999, 2002 - 2009 Sumber : Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional , Modul Konsumsi 1999, 2002 dan 2005 (2003, 2004 dan 2006 hanya mencakup panel 10.000 rumahtangga, sedangkan 2007, 2008 dan 2009 mencakup panel 68.800 rumah tangga) Catatan : *) Termasuk minuman beralkohol
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
16
Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet Economic Consideration
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
- Percentage of household spending for foods
51,37 53,01 49,24 50,17 50,62
- Percentage of household spending for non-foods
48,63 46,99 50,76 49,83 49,38
Food Groups 2005 - Cereals - Roots/Tubers - Fish - Meat - Egg and Milk - vegetables - Nuts - Fruits - oils and fats - beverages - spices & condiments - Others - Processed Foods
2006 2007
2008 2009
8,54 11,37 10,15 0,58 0,59 0,56 4,66 4,72 3,91 2,44 1,85 1,95 3,12 2,96 2,97 4,05 4,42 3,87 1,7 1,63 1,47 2,16 2,1 2,56 1,93 1,97 1,69 2,23 2,5 2,21 1,33 1,37 1,1 1,34 1,27 1,34 11,44 10,29 10,48
9,57 0,53 3,96 1,84 3,12 4,02 1,55 2,27 2,16 2,13 1,12 1,39 11,44
8,86 0,51 4,29 1,89 3,27 3,91 1,57 2,05 1,96 2,02 1,08 1,33 12,63
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet Consumers expectations for functional foods: functionality, convenience, performance and, of course, superior taste • More individual (protion control) • More control over time and quality of preparation
•More information •More evidence for claim •More control over “food plus”, “food minus”, and “natural alternative”
PLEASURE
• More fun & entertaining • More ethnic & exotic taste • More premium & indulgens Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
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Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet Consumers expectations for functional foods: functionality, convenience, performance and, of course, superior taste
Foods that function • Protection against… • Heart Disease • Cancer • ÇCognitive Function • Ç Digestion • Ç Bone Strength Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet Consumers expectations for functional foods: functionality, convenience, performance and, of course, superior taste
Convenient Foods : • • • • • •
Fast and Simple “Take Out” Healthyy Frozen Foods Restaurants Healthcare Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
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Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet Consumers expectations for functional foods: functionality, convenience, performance and, of course, superior taste
Foods that perform : Æ Super foods? • • • • •
Foods with health benefits 2 for 1 Omega-3 Fatty Acids Antioxidants Probiotics Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet Consumers expectations for functional foods: functionality, convenience, performance and, of course, superior taste
Expected d Functional Foods
Whey Protein
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
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Terimakasih
Thank You
hariyadi@seafast org
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Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi
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