Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet Purwiyatno Hariyadi**) *) Presented at “Wheyy Protein Health and Fitness Seminar”,, Jak...
Author: Blake Webb
3 downloads 4 Views 764KB Size
Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet

Purwiyatno Hariyadi**)

*)

Presented at “Wheyy Protein Health and Fitness Seminar”,, Jakarta,, 13 July, y, 2011

**)

Director of Southeast Asian Food & Agricultural Science & Technology (SEAFAST) Center, and Professor of Food Process Engineering, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet Start

ƒ Overview of protein intake in Indonesia/Southeast Asian region 9 Dietary recommendations on local protein requirement (including men vs. women) 9 Current protein intake levels; are people getting enough? 9 Sources and quality of protein

ƒ Opportunities for whey protein in the local diet and health context END

9 Where can whey protein play a role? 9 Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

1

The word “protein” Dr. Ponnusamy (2010 ), Rutgers U

Derived from the Greek word proteios, p which means “of the first rank”

Coined by Jon Berzelius (Swedish chemist) discovered that an extract of potatoes is more effective than concentrated sulfuric acid in promoting the breakdown of starch Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Proteios Æ “of the first rank” Dr. Ponnusamy (2010 ), Rutgers U

• • • • •

No living tissue can be built without protein Protein is part of every living cell Proteins account for ~ 20% of body weight Proteins come in many forms Proteins perform many vital functions

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

2

Vital Functions of Protein Dr. Ponnusamy (2010 ), Rutgers U • Biological Processing – Enzymes – over 2000 – catalyze reactions – Hormones – regulate metabolic reactions – Immune functions - antibodies (immunoglobulins)

• Transport and Storage

Protein plays l important role

– hemoglobin, myoglobin, lipoproteins

• Structural for Mechanical Support – keratin, collagen, elastin – body b d structures t t include i l d skin, ki h hair, i nails, il membranes, muscles, teeth, bones, organs

• Contractile (Muscle proteins) – myosin, actin, tubulin

Protein Intake in Indonesia/ Southeast Asian region

? Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Dietary Protein Consumption (g/person/day) of selected ASEAN Countries (http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-fs/fs-data/ess-fadata/en/) 100   90   80   70   60   50   40   30   20   10   0  

1990‐92 1995‐97 2000‐02 2005‐07

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

3

Dietary Animal Protein Consumption (g/person/day) of selected ASEAN Countries (http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-fs/fs-data/ess-fadata/en/) 100   90   80   70   60   50   40   30   20   10   0  

1990‐92 1995‐97 2003‐05

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Prevalence of undernourishment*) in total population (percentage) of selected ASEAN Countries (http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-fs/fs-data/ess-fadata/en/) 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5

1990‐1992 1995‐1997 2000‐2002 2005‐2007

*)

Undernourishment refers to the condition of people whose dietary energy consumption is continuously below a minimum dietary energy requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out a light physical activity with an acceptable minimum body-weight for attainedheight. Brunei Darussalam & Malaysia : less than 5 % Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

4

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet Start

ƒ Overview of protein intake in Indonesia/Southeast Asian region 9 Dietary recommendations on local protein requirement (including men vs. women) 9 Current protein intake levels; are people getting enough? 9 Sources and quality of protein

ƒ Opportunities for whey protein in the local diet and health context END

9 Where can whey protein play a role? 9 Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance) for Protein = Recommended Protein Intakes • Dietary recommendations on local protein requirement (including men vs vs. women) – As a percentage of total calories: • Protein should provide 10‐35% of total calories

– As an absolute number (grams per day). • A healthy adult should consume 0.8 gram per kilogram of desirable  b d body weight per day h d – Calculation:

» Weigh: 150 pounds = 68 Kg (150/2.2) » Grams protein: 68 x 0.8 = 54g protein Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

5

RDA (AKG = Angka Kecukupan Gizi) Indonesia (Widya Karya Pangan & Gizi, 2004) Age Group

5.5 8.5 12 18 24

60 71 90 110 120

550 650 1000 1550 1800

12 15 23 32 37

350 350 350 360 406

0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7

3 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.9

2.5 3.8 5.4 7.6 8.1

0.1 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.9

22 32 40 60 81

30 35 40 45 45

600 400 500 500 500

200 250 250 350 400

Iro n (m g) 3 5 8 9 10

30 45 56 62

135 150 160 165

2050 2400 2500 Mild 2800 Medium 3000 Heavy 3600 2200

45 69 66 55 55 55 55

450 600 600 600 600 600 600

0.8 0.9 1 1 1.1 1.3 0.8

1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.6 1

8.6 9.7 10 10.6 11.9 14.3 8.6

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

90 125 165 170 170 170 170

50 60 60 60 60 60 60

700 700 600 500 500 500 500

500 500 500 500 500 500 500

14 17 23 13 13 13 13

15 15 15 15 15 15 15

1900 2100 2000 Mild 2050 Medium 2250 Heavy 2600 1850 285

54 62 51 48 48 48 48 12

500 500 500 500 500 500 500 200

0.7 0.8 08 0.8 0.9 0.9 1 0.7 0.2

0.9 1 09 0.9 1 1 1.2 0.9 0.2

7.7 8.4 81 8.1 8.4 9.3 10.6 7.5 1.3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.3

100 130 150 150 150 150 150 150

50 60 60 60 60 60 60 10

700 700 600 500 500 500 500 400

450 450 450 450 450 450 450 200

14 19 25 26 26 26 14 20

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 5

700 500 400

16 12 11

350 300 250

0.3 0.3 0.2

0.4 0.3 0.2

3.1 2.2 1.8

0.3 0.3 0.3

50 40 25

25 10 10

400 400 300

300 200 200

2 2 2

10 10 5

Body Height Weight

0-6 mts 7-12 mts yyrs 1-3 4-6 yrs 7-9 yrs Male 10-12 yrs 13-15 yrs 16-19 yrs 20-59 yrs

60 yrs Female 10-12 yrs 13-15 yrs 16 19 yrs 16-19 20-59 yrs

62

165

35 46 50 54

140 153 153 156

>60 yrs 54 (+) pregnant (+) breast feeding 0-6 mts 7-12 mts 13-24 mts

154

Energy (Kcal )

Vit. Protein Vit. A Thiamin Riflavin Niacin B12 (mg) ( RE) ( mg) (mg) ( mg) (ug)

Folic Acid (ug)

Vit.C Calcium (mg) (mg)

Phosphor (mg)

Zink (mg) 3 5 10 10 10

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

RDA (AKG = Angka Kecukupan Gizi) Indonesia (Widya Karya Pangan & Gizi, 2004) Age Group 0-6 7-12 1-3 4-6 7-9

months months years years years

Body Weight

Energy (Kcal )

Protein (mg)

5.5 8.5 12 18 24

560 800 1250 1750 1900

12 15 23 32 37

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

6

RDA (AKG = Angka Kecukupan Gizi) Indonesia (Widya Karya Pangan & Gizi, 2004) Age Group

Body Weight

Male 10-12 13-15 16-19 20-59

years years years years

30 45 56 62

60

years

62

Energy (Kcal )

Protein (mg)

2000 2400 2500 Mild 2800 Medim 3000 Heavy 3600 2200

45 69 66 55 55 55 55

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

RDA (AKG = Angka Kecukupan Gizi) Indonesia (Widya Karya Pangan & Gizi, 2004) Body Weight

Energy (Kcal )

years years years years

35 46 50 54

1900 2100 2000

years

54

Age Group Female 10-12 13-15 16-19 20-59

>60 EXTRA?

(+) pregnant (+) breast feeding 0-6 months 7-12 months 13-24 months

Protein (mg)

Mild 2050 Medium 2250 Heavy 2600 1850

54 62 51 48 48 48 48

285

12

700 500 400

16 12 11 Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

7

RDA (AKG = Angka Kecukupan Gizi) Indonesia (Widya Karya Pangan & Gizi, 2004) Energy (kcal/kg BW/d day)

100 90 male female

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

0-5 mths

6-11 mths

1-3 yrs

4-6 yrs

7-9 yrs

13-15 yrs 19-29 yrs 10-12 yrs 16-18 yrs Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

RDA (AKG = Angka Kecukupan Gizi) Indonesia (Widya Karya Pangan & Gizi, 2004) 2.0 1.8

male female

Protein (g/kg BW/day)

16 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 04 0.4 0.2 0.0

0-5 mths 1-3 yrs 7-9 yrs 13-15 yrs 19-29 yrs 6-11 mths 4-6 yrs 10-12 yrs 16-18 yrs 30-59 yrs Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

8

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet Start

ƒ Overview of protein intake in Indonesia/Southeast Asian region 9 Dietary recommendations on local protein requirement (including men vs. women) 9 Current protein intake levels; are people getting enough? 9 Sources and quality of protein

ƒ Opportunities for whey protein in the local diet and health context 9 Where can whey protein play a role? 9 Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet

END

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Dietary Protein Consumption (g/person/day), average, based on Province in Indonesia (Riskesdas, 2007) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

9

Percentage of population consuming protein < 80% RDA (Based on Provinces)

(Riskesdas, 2010)

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Percentage of population consuming protein < 80% RDA (Based on Age Groups)

(Riskesdas, 2010)

(Women at Reporductive Age)

(Pregnant Women)

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

10

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet Start

ƒ Overview of protein intake in Indonesia/Southeast Asian region 9 Dietary recommendations on local protein requirement (including men vs. women) 9 Current protein intake levels; are people getting enough? 9 Sources and quality of protein

ƒ Opportunities for whey protein in the local diet and health context 9 Where can whey protein play a role? 9 Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet

END

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Source of protein (g/capita.day; based on frood groups); 1999, 2002 - 2009 No.

Food Groups

1 Cereals

1999

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

25,04

24,42

24,29

24,05

23,69

23,33

22,43

22,75

22,06

2 Roots/Tubers

0,43

0,43

0,44

0,53

0,45

0,41

0,4

0,42

0,33

3 Fish

6,07

7,17

7,91

7,65

8,02

7,49

7,77

7,94

7,28

4 Meat

, 1,33

2,26 ,

2,62 ,

2,54 ,

2,61 ,

1,95 ,

2,62 ,

2,4 ,

2,22 ,

5 Egg and Milk

1,43

2,33

2,22

2,38

2,71

2,51

3,23

3,05

2,96

6 vegetables

2,23

2,49

2,75

2,57

2,52

2,66

3,02

3,01

2,58

7 Nuts

4,81

6,36

5,85

5,52

6,31

5,88

6,51

5,49

5,19

8 Fruits

0,33

0,45

0,46

0,43

0,43

0,39

0,57

0,52

0,41

9 oils and fats

0,42

0,53

0,54

0,48

0,48

0,45

0,46

0,39

0,34

10 beverages

0,79

1,13

1,01

1,03

1,08

1

1,13

1,06

0,98

11 spices & condiments

0,66

0,79

0,69

0,71

0,82

0,81

0,76

0,73

0,68

12 Others

0,53

0,75

0,74

0,76

1,03

0,95

1,43

1,37

1,21

13 Processed Foods

4,62

5,34

5,84

6,01

6,44*)

5.83 *)

7,33 *)

8,36 *)

8,10 *)

14 Minuman beralkohol

0

0

0

0

-

-

-

-

-

15 Tembakau dan sirih

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

48,67

54,45

55,37

54,65

55,27

53,65

57,66

57,49

54,35

JUMLAH

Sumber : Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional , Modul Konsumsi 1999, 2002 dan 2005 (2003, 2004 dan 2006 hanya mencakup panel 10.000 rumahtangga, sedangkan 2007, 2008 dan 2009 mencakup panel 68.800 rumah tangga) Catatan : *) Termasuk minuman beralkohol

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

11

Source of protein (g/capita.day; based on frood groups); 1999, 2002 - 2009 No.

Food Groups

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Cereals Roots/Tubers Fish Meat Egg and Milk vegetables Nuts Fruits oils and fats beverages p & condiments spices Others Processed Foods JUMLAH

2007 22,43 0,4 7,77 2,62 3,23 3,02 6,51 0,57 0,46 1,13 0,76 , 1,43 7,33 *) 57,66

2008 22,75 0,42 7,94 2,4 3,05 3,01 5,49 0,52 0,39 1,06 0,73 , 1,37 8,36 *) 57,49

2009 22,06 0,33 7,28 2,22 2,96 2,58 5,19 0,41 0,34 0,98 0,68 , 1,21 8,10 *) 54,35

Sumber : Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional , Modul Konsumsi 1999, 2002 dan 2005 (2003, 2004 dan 2006 hanya mencakup panel 10.000 rumahtangga, sedangkan 2007, 2008 dan 2009 mencakup panel 68.800 rumah tangga) Catatan : *) Termasuk minuman beralkohol

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Source of protein (g/capita.day; based on frood groups); 1999, 2002 - 2009 g/kapita

25 20 15 10 2007 5

2008

0

2009

Sumber : Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional , Modul Konsumsi 1999, 2002 dan 2005 (2003, 2004 dan 2006 hanya mencakup panel 10.000 rumahtangga, sedangkan 2007, 2008 dan 2009 mencakup panel 68.800 rumah tangga) Catatan : *) Termasuk minuman beralkohol

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

12

Contribution (% %)

Contribution to protein consumption (%; based on frood groups); 1999, 2002 - 2009 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

2007 2008 2009

Sumber : Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional , Modul Konsumsi 1999, 2002 dan 2005 (2003, 2004 dan 2006 hanya mencakup panel 10.000 rumahtangga, sedangkan 2007, 2008 dan 2009 mencakup panel 68.800 rumah tangga) Catatan : *) Termasuk minuman beralkohol

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Contribution to protein consumption (%; based on frood groups); 1999, 2002 - 2009

22 5

11 1

1

4 41

5 10 13 15

Cereals Processed foods Fish Nuts Eggs & Milk Vegetables Meats Others Beverages Spices & Condiments Fruits Oils and Fats Roots and Tubers

Sumber : Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional , Modul Konsumsi 1999, 2002 dan 2005 (2003, 2004 dan 2006 hanya mencakup panel 10.000 rumahtangga, sedangkan 2007, 2008 dan 2009 mencakup panel 68.800 rumah tangga) Catatan : *) Termasuk minuman beralkohol

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

13

Contribution to protein consumption (%; based on frood groups); 1999, 2002 - 2009

5

Plant Protein cereals,  nuts, vegies, fruits, roots)

15

Animal Protein (Fish,  eggs milk meats) eggs, milk, meats) Processed foods

23

58

Others (beverages, Oils &  Fats)

Sumber : Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional , Modul Konsumsi 1999, 2002 dan 2005 (2003, 2004 dan 2006 hanya mencakup panel 10.000 rumahtangga, sedangkan 2007, 2008 dan 2009 mencakup panel 68.800 rumah tangga) Catatan : *) Termasuk minuman beralkohol

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet Start

ƒ Overview of protein intake in Indonesia/Southeast Asian region 9 Dietary recommendations on local protein requirement (including men vs. women) 9 Current protein intake levels; are people getting enough? 9 Sources and quality of protein

ƒ Opportunities for whey protein in the local diet and health context END

9 Where can whey protein play a role? 9 Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

14

Where can whey protein play a role? Whey? •Milk Protein •High Hi h in i sulfur lf containing t i i amino i acids id •antioxidant •anticarcinogen •immune stimulating •High concentrations of the branched chain amino acids - muscles

http://www.wheyoflife.org/faq.cfm#1

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Where can whey protein play a role? Reported Whey Benefits • Cardiovascular benefits (antihypertensive and hypocholesteremic) • Anticarcenogenic effects • Antibacterial and antiviral properties • Antioxidant actions • Immune system stimulation • Improved bone formation/reduced bone loss • Increased mineral absorption • Reduction of tooth enamel demineralization and plaque formation • Appetite suppression • Rebuilding R b ildi off muscle l tissue ti

Ingredients, With functionality

Processed Foods

?

• Will be discussed by next presenter Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

15

Where can whey protein play a role? 15

Plant Protein cereals,  nuts, vegies, fruits, roots)

5

Whey

Animal Protein (Fish,  eggs milk meats) eggs, milk, meats) Processed foods

58

23

Others (beverages, Oils &  Fats)

Contribution to protein consumption (%; based on frood groups); 1999, 2002 - 2009 Sumber : Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional , Modul Konsumsi 1999, 2002 dan 2005 (2003, 2004 dan 2006 hanya mencakup panel 10.000 rumahtangga, sedangkan 2007, 2008 dan 2009 mencakup panel 68.800 rumah tangga) Catatan : *) Termasuk minuman beralkohol

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Where can whey protein play a role? Processed foods

15

5

Example :

Whey

23

58

• Meat balls • Nuggets • Sausages • Gel-based snacks • Etc

Contribution to protein consumption (%; based on frood groups); 1999, 2002 - 2009 Sumber : Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional , Modul Konsumsi 1999, 2002 dan 2005 (2003, 2004 dan 2006 hanya mencakup panel 10.000 rumahtangga, sedangkan 2007, 2008 dan 2009 mencakup panel 68.800 rumah tangga) Catatan : *) Termasuk minuman beralkohol

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

16

Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet Economic Consideration

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

- Percentage of household spending for foods

51,37 53,01 49,24 50,17 50,62

- Percentage of household spending for non-foods

48,63 46,99 50,76 49,83 49,38

Food Groups 2005 - Cereals - Roots/Tubers - Fish - Meat - Egg and Milk - vegetables - Nuts - Fruits - oils and fats - beverages - spices & condiments - Others - Processed Foods

2006 2007

2008 2009

8,54 11,37 10,15 0,58 0,59 0,56 4,66 4,72 3,91 2,44 1,85 1,95 3,12 2,96 2,97 4,05 4,42 3,87 1,7 1,63 1,47 2,16 2,1 2,56 1,93 1,97 1,69 2,23 2,5 2,21 1,33 1,37 1,1 1,34 1,27 1,34 11,44 10,29 10,48

9,57 0,53 3,96 1,84 3,12 4,02 1,55 2,27 2,16 2,13 1,12 1,39 11,44

8,86 0,51 4,29 1,89 3,27 3,91 1,57 2,05 1,96 2,02 1,08 1,33 12,63

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet Consumers expectations for functional foods: functionality, convenience, performance and, of course, superior taste • More individual (protion control) • More control over time and quality of preparation

•More information •More evidence for claim •More control over “food plus”, “food minus”, and “natural alternative”

PLEASURE

• More fun & entertaining • More ethnic & exotic taste • More premium & indulgens Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

17

Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet Consumers expectations for functional foods: functionality, convenience, performance and, of course, superior taste

Foods that function • Protection against… • Heart Disease • Cancer • ÇCognitive Function • Ç Digestion • Ç Bone Strength Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet Consumers expectations for functional foods: functionality, convenience, performance and, of course, superior taste

Convenient Foods : • • • • • •

Fast and Simple “Take Out” Healthyy Frozen Foods Restaurants Healthcare Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

18

Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet Consumers expectations for functional foods: functionality, convenience, performance and, of course, superior taste

Foods that perform : Æ Super foods? • • • • •

Foods with health benefits 2 for 1 Omega-3 Fatty Acids Antioxidants Probiotics Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Advice on incorporating whey protein into the daily diet Consumers expectations for functional foods: functionality, convenience, performance and, of course, superior taste

Expected d Functional Foods

Whey Protein

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

19

Terimakasih

Thank You

hariyadi@seafast org [email protected]

Purwiyatno Hariyadi [email protected]

Importance and Role of Protein in the Indonesian Daily Diet       ‐‐ purwiyatno hariyadi

20

Suggest Documents