Impacts of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammals. John Hildebrand Scripps Ins:tu:on of Oceanography

Impacts  of  Anthropogenic  Sound   on  Marine  Mammals                           John  Hildebrand   Scripps  Ins:tu:on  of  Oceanography   Types o...
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Impacts  of  Anthropogenic  Sound   on  Marine  Mammals                          

John  Hildebrand   Scripps  Ins:tu:on  of  Oceanography  

Types of Impacts from Anthropogenic Sound Richardson et al. 1995 Marine Mammals and Noise except for last point 1.  Disturbance -- subtle changes in behavior -- interruption of previous activities -- short or long-term displacement 2.  Masking of -- calls from conspecifics -- reverberations of own calls -- other natural sounds 3.  Stress (Physiological) 4. Hearing Impairment (Permanent or Temporary) by -- explosions or impulses -- strong non-explosive sounds (e.g. sonar) 5. Mass stranding

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