Imaging Based Anatomy Course for Medical Physics Syllabus: Head and neck . A. Head and neck normal anatomy Nasopharynx Tonsils Base of tongue Oral tongue Floor of mouth Larynx Hypopharynx Cervical lymph nodes groups Salivary glands Thyroid gland Cervical important veins and arteries Cervical important muscles B. Head and neck cancer presentation through imaging The symptoms related to primary tumor extension The symptoms related to lymph nodes involvement The symptoms related to distant metastases C. Head and neck cancer staging through imaging Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases D. Nasopharyngolaryngoscopy for normal head and neck mucosa Nasopharynx Tonsils Base of tongue Oral tongue Floor of mouth Larynx Hypopharynx E. Nasopharyngolaryngoscopy for head and neck cancer diagnosis Nasopharyngeal cancer Tonsillar cancer Base of tongue cancer Oral tongue cancer Floor of mouth cancer Laryngeal cancer Hypopharyngeal cancer 1
F. Head and neck magnetic resonance imaging for head and neck normal structures and cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases G. Computer tomography for head and neck normal structures and diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases H. PET for head and neck normal structures and diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer Primary tumorr extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases
Brain/ Vertebral column/ Spinal cord A. Brain/ Spinal cord normal anatomy Brain lobes Thalamus Brain stem Spinal cord Base of skull Vertebral column Cervical spine vertebral bodies Thoracic spine vertebral bodies Lumbar spine vertebral bodies Sacrum Coccix Cranial nerves Brachial plexus Thoracic nerve plexuses Abdominal nerve plexuses Pelvic nerve plexuses Spinal cord Cauda equina Brain important arteries and veins B. Brain/ Spinal tumors presentation through imaging The symptoms related to primary tumor extension The symptoms related to lymph nodes involvement The symptoms related to distant metastases C. Brain/ Spinal tumors staging through imaging Primary tumor extension
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Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases D. Brain/ Spinal magnetic resonance imaging for intracranial and spinal normal structures and Brain/Spinal tumors diagnosis Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases E. Computer tomography for intracranial and spinal normal structures and diagnosis and treatment of Brain/ Spinal tumors Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases F. PET for intracranial and spinal normal structures and diagnosis and treatment of Brain/ Spinal tumors Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases
Lung A. Thorax normal anatomy Thoracic cavity Ribs Sternum B. Lung normal anatomy Pulmonary lobes Pulmonary fissures Broncho alveolar tree Pulmonary vessels C. Mediastinal normal anatomy Important mediastinal vessels Mediastinal lymph nodes groups Carina D. Lung cancer presentation through imaging The symptoms related to primary tumor extension The symptoms related to lymph nodes involvement The symptoms related to distant metastases E. Lung cancer staging through imaging Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases F. Chest xray for normal thoracic structures and lung cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases 3
G. Bronchoscopy for normal lung and bronchial tree mucosa and lung cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension H. Transbronchial ultrasound for normal lung and bronchial tree and lung cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension I. Computer tomography for normal thoracic structures and diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases J. PET for normal thoracic structures and diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases
Esophagus A. Esophageal normal anatomy Esophagus Intraluminal esophageal anatomy Relationship with the mediastinal structures Relationship with the other gastrointestinal tract organs Arterial, venous and lymphatic circulation of the esophagus Periesophageal lymph nodes groups B. Esophageal cancer presentation through imaging The symptoms related to primary cancer extension The symptoms related to lymph nodes involvement The symptoms related to distant metastases C. Esophageal cancer staging through imaging Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases D. Barium swallowing for normal esophagus and esophageal cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension E. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy for upper GI structures and esophageal cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension F. Transesophageal ultrasound for upper GI structures and esophageal cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases G. Computer tomography for upper GI structures and diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer
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Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases H. PET for upper GI structures and diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases
Stomach A. Gastric anatomy Stomach Intraluminal gastric anatomy Arterial, venous and lymphatic circulation of the stomach Perigastric lymph nodes groups Relationship with the intraabdominal structures Relationship with the other gastrointestinal tract organs B. Gastric cancer presentation through imaging The symptoms related to primary tumor extension The symptoms related to lymph nodes involvement The symptoms related to distant metastases C. Gastric cancer staging through imaging Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases D. Barium swallowing for normal stomach and gastric cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension E. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy for upper GI structures and gastric cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension F. Endoscopic ultrasound for upper GI structures and gastric cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases G. Computer tomography for upper GI structures and diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases H. PET for upper GI structures and diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases
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Pancreas A. Pancreas anatomy Pancreas Relationship with the other gastrointestinal tract organs Relationship with the intraabdominal organs Relationship with the retroperitoneal arteries and veins Retroperitoneum Duodenum Celiac trunk Celiac plexus Celiac axis lymph nodes Arterial, venous and lymphatic circulation of the pancreas Peripancreatic lymph nodes groups Upper abdominal Retroperitoneal important arteries, veins and nerve plexuses B. Pancreatic cancer presentation through imaging The symptoms related to primary tumor extension The symptoms related to lymph nodes involvement The symptoms related to distant metastases C. Pancreatic cancer staging through imaging Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases D. Endoscopy for normal pancreas and pancreatic cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension E. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP) for normal liver/billiary tract and liver/billiary tract cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension F. Endoscopic ultrasound for normal pancreas and pancreatic cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement G. Computer tomography for normal pancreas and diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases H. PET for diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases
Liver/ billiary tract 6
A. Liver/billiary tract anatomy Liver Billiary tract Gallbladder Duodenum Ampulla of Vater Relationship with the intraabdominal structures Relationship with the other gastrointestinal tract organs Arterial, venous and lymphatic circulation of the liver Abdominal lymph nodes groups Abdominal important arteries, veins and nerve plexuses B. Liver/billiary tract cancer presentation through imaging The symptoms related to primary tumor extension The symptoms related to lymph nodes involvement The symptoms related to distant metastases C. Liver/billiary tract cancer staging through imaging Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases D. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP) for normal liver/billiary tract and liver/billiary tract cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension E. Endoscopic ultrasound for normal liver/billiary tract and liver/billiary tract cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement F. Computer tomography for normal liver/billiary tract and diagnosis and treatment of liver/billiary tract cancer Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases G. PET for normal liver/billiary tract and diagnosis and treatment of liver/billiary tract cancer Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases
Rectum A. Rectum anatomy Rectum Intraluminal rectal anatomy Relationship with the pelvic structures Relationship with the other gastrointestinal tract organs
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Arterial, venous and lymphatic circulation of the rectum Perirectal and pelvic lymph nodes B. Rectal cancer presentation through imaging The symptoms related to primary tumor extension The symptoms related to lymph nodes involvement The symptoms related to distant metastases C. Rectal cancer staging through imaging Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases D. Endoscopy Colonoscopy for normal colorectal mucosa and colorectal cancer diagnosis Sigmoidoscopy for normal colorectal mucosa and colorectal cancer diagnosis Proctoscopy for normal rectal mucosa and rectal cancer diagnosis E. Transrectal ultrasound for normal colorectum and rectal cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement F. Computer tomography for normal colorectum and diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases G. PET for normal colorectum and diagnosis and treatment ofcolorectal cancer Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases
Prostate cancer A. Male genitourinary tract anatomy Kidneys Urethers Urinary bladder Urethra Penis Prostate Seminal vesicles Arterial, venous and lymphatic circulation of the prostate Pelvic lymph nodes groups Pelvic important arteries, veins and nerve plexuses B. Prostate anatomy Prostate
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Relationship with the pelvic structures Relationship with the other genitourinary tract organs C. Prostate cancer presentation through imaging The symptoms related to primary tumor extension The symptoms related to lymph nodes involvement The symptoms related to distant metastases D. Prostate cancer staging through imaging Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases E. Transrectal ultrasound for normal male GU structures and prostate cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension F. Transrectal magnetic resonance imaging normal male GU structures and for prostate cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension G. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging for normal male GU structures and prostate cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases H. Computer tomography for normal male GU structures and diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases I. PET for normal male GU structures and diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases
Cervix and uterus A. Female genitourinary tract anatomy Kidneys Urethers Urinary bladder Urethra Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Cervix Vagina
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Arterial, venous and lymphatic circulation of the ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina Pelvic lymph nodes groups Pelvic important arteries, veins and nerve plexuses B. Cervix and uterus anatomy Cervix Uterus Relationship with the pelvic structures Relationship with the other genitourinary tract organs C. Cervical and uterine cancer presentation through imaging The symptoms related to primary tumor extension The symptoms related to lymph nodes involvement The symptoms related to distant metastases D. Cervical and uterine cancer staging through imaging Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases E. Transvaginal ultrasound for normal female GU structures and gynecological cancer diagnosis primary tumor extension F. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging for normal female GU structures and gynecological cancer diagnosis Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases G. Computer tomography for normal female GU structures and diagnosis and treatment of gynecological cancer Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases H. PET for normal female GU structures and diagnosis and treatment of gynecological cancer Primary tumor extension Lymph nodes involvement Distant metastases Bibliography: 1. R. Drake, W. Vogl, A.W.M. Mitchell, R. Tibbitts, P. Richardson, “Gray’s Atlas of Anatomy”, Churchill Livingstone, first edition, 2007 2. D. Dean, T.E. Herbener, “CrossSectional Human Anatomy”, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, first edition, 2000 3. J. Weir, P.H. Abrahams, “Imaging Atlas of Human Anatomy”, Mosby, third edition, 2003 4. V. Gregorie, P. Scalliet, K.K. Ang, “Clinical Target Volumes in Conformal and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy”, Springer, first edition, 2003 10
5. E.K. Hansen, M. Roach, “Handbook of Evidence based Radiation Oncology”, Springer, first edition, 2006 6. E.C. Halperin, C.A. Perez, L.W. Brady, D.E. Wazer, C. Freeman, “Perez and Brady’s Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology”, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, fifth edition, 2007 7. L.L. Gunderson, J.E. Tepper, “Clinical Radiation Oncology”, Churchill Livingstone, second edition, 2006
The topics written in this syllabus will be covered during 12 classes of 3 hours each, divided as following: 1.5 hour theoretical presentation and 1.5 hour for practical lab work. Any class will be followed by 3 hours individual study, consisting in reading the attached bibliography related to the specific topic, and by writing short assays related to the discussed anatomical structures or diseases related to them, as following: mediastinal lymph nodes classification PET scan in the diagnosis of lung cancer heart normal anatomy transesophageal imaging for the esophageal diseases diagnosis gastric cancer diagnosis using the upper GI endoscopy magnetic resonance imaging for pancreatic cancer diseases transrectal ultrasound and its use for colorectal diseases diagnosis normal anatomy and function of the seminal vesicle normal uterine anatomy nasopharynx normal anatomy magnetic resonance for spinal cord compression diagnosis CT scan for the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer The evaluation will be done during 2 classes of 3 hours each as following: a midterm 3 hours practical examination on a real case and a final exam consisting in 1.5 hours multiple choice theoretical exam and 1.5 hour practical exam on a real case.
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