GE Energy
IGCC Cleaner Coal – Ready for Carbon Capture UBS 2007 Climate Change Conference May 14, 2007
Why Is Coal for Power Important? • High/volatile natural gas prices • Availability of natural gas/LNG
GW 200
• Global Recoverable Reserves – Oil 40 yrs, NG 70 yrs, Coal 192 yrs
150
• Need for fuel diversity
>25% of World Power Generation Additions
100 50
• Energy security/independence concerns 0 ‘96
‘00
Coal Coal ‘04
‘08
‘12
The US’ most plentiful resource…
2004 US Total: 3,971 TWhr ~80 Proposed coal plants – 50 GW Source: GE power generation vertical forecast
Copyright General Electric Company
Coal 49.8% Source: EIA - Electric Report Annual Report, 2005
2/ GE / May 11, 2007
IGCC - Cleaner By Design Pollution Prevention
vs.
Pollution Control WESP Carbon Injection
Boiler SCR
Pre-Combustion PM, Hg, Su, CO2
ESP/ FF
FF FGD
CO2
IGCC
Pulverized Coal
• Gasification cleans the coal before it is burned. • High pressure & low volume provide favorable economics of pollutant removal • The IGCC Cleaner Coal option increases fuel diversity, reduces emissions, and increases siting and permitting flexibility.
• Pollutants are removed after the coal is burned. • The gas volume treated is 100 times the gas volume of an IGCC plant. • Criteria & HAPS emissions are higher than an average IGCC plant • Combustion produces large quantities of waste and consumes more water than IGCC
Copyright General Electric Company
3/ GE / May 11, 2007
IGCC: Emissions Approaching Natural Gas 0.16
PM10 SO2 NOx
Lb/MMBTU
0.15 0.10 0.05
0.04 0.03
50 90%
Best Individual Plant 0.017
0.00
90%+
Average Recent Permit Data
0.09
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01
0.01 0.002
NGCC Advanced IGCC Source: GE internal data, average of 30 permits PC/SCPC granted, applications and publicly reported emissions
IGCC Environmental Benefits Versus Best in Class Supercritical Pulverized Coal • 33% less NOx • 75% less SOx • 40% less PM10
Hg % Captured
PC IGCC Hg 30-40% Less
PC IGCC Water Usage
• 90% + Hg removal • 30% less water • CO2 capture ready Copyright General Electric Company
4/ GE / May 11, 2007
GE’s Gasification & IGCC Experience Leadership • Gasification leader since 1948 with 62 facilities operating worldwide
GE’s Gasification Experience ~120 Vessels In Operation
• First coal gasification plant in 1978 • 21 gas turbines operating on synthesis gas, >1,000,000 operating hours
74
Plants Operating Plants in Design or Under Construction
• IGCC leader: >3 GW with GE technologies • >6 centuries team gasification experience
24
Total Plants on All Fuels
Copyright General Electric Company
Total Plants On Solid Fuels
5/ GE / May 11, 2007
IGCC Commercialization Coolwater Prototype 120MW
Commercial Demos Polk, Wabash 250MW
1984
2006
1995
The Solution The Solution
The IGCC Puzzle
• CAPEX too high • COE too high • No system guarantees or warrantees – only license • Poor Initial RAM
Reference Plant Commercially Offered 630MW
• GE gasification technology acquisition • GE and Bechtel IGCC Alliance • Turnkey, single source 630MW reference plant offering with guarantees & warranties • Rigorous New Product Introduction programs to lower cost and improve RAM Copyright General Electric Company
6/ GE / May 11, 2007
Segmentation and Targeting Led to 600 MW Bituminous Coal Launch Focus New Future Coal-Fired Power Plants
Proposed Fuels for New Plant Additions Petroleum Coke Eastern Bituminous Coal
PRB Coal Liquid Hydrocarbon
Proposed US Coal Plants 30 20 10 0 1,500 1,200 7/ GE / May 11, 2007
GE & Bechtel Alliance IGCC Reference Plant Reference plant design
Reference plant status
• Nominal 630MW net plant output • RSC and GT preliminary designs complete Dec ‘06 • 7FB gas turbine combined cycle system
• Fuel flexibility – Wide range of bituminous coals – Coal/coke blends
• Integration & plant performance models complete • Layout being optimized, MTOs underway • Cost estimates being finalized
Copyright General Electric Company
8/ GE / May 11, 2007
GE Growth Across Gasification Segments Power IGCC
Chemicals
CTL
Refining
Accelerating technology development 9 Partnering with industry leaders 9 Delivering commercial solutions 9
Copyright General Electric Company
9/ GE / May 11, 2007
CARBON
CO2 Production with Today’s Fuels World Average Existing Coal U.S. Average (33%) New Coal SCPC
45%
40%
IGCC with CCS 90% CC
60% CC
NGCC
Coal Natural Gas Thermal Efficiency Indicated (xx%) CC = Carbon Capture
60%
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
CO2 Emission Rate (lbs/MW-hr) Copyright General Electric Company
11 / GE / May 11, 2007
Carbon Capture Technology Today
Pathways
CO2 $/MT1
Post-Combustion
•Amine Scrubbing
$401
Pre-Combustion
•IGCC
$191
Post-Combustion
Developing
Technologies
Pre-Combustion
•Oxy-Combustion
~$301
•Chilled Ammonia
--
•Chemical Looping
--
•Membranes O2/CO2//H2
--
•High efficiency shift
--
•Pre-mix H2 combustor
--
1 The Future of Coal, MIT 2007 Coal Energy Study, 12 / same technology basis
Copyright General Electric Company
GE / May 11, 2007
Carbon Removal…a Proven Process Oxygen, Feedstock Gasification
Water Gas Shift CO+H2O -> CO2+H2 Optional Shift
Slag
Proven Gasification •62 GE licensed gasification units operating worldwide •12 with solid feedstock
Diffusion Process Gas Only Combustor High P, Low Vol High Driving Force Diluent NOx Control AGR/SRU Hg
S
•8 with solid feedstock
Power
CO2
Proven Process Technology •25 GE licensed gasification units operating worldwide using shift reaction to produce H2
H2
•25 GE licensed units operating worldwide using AGR technology to remove CO2 from shifted syngas
Proven Turbines •25 GE gas turbines operating at 50%+ H2 •F-class combustion validation up to 90% H2
•8 with solid feedstock Copyright General Electric Company
13 / GE / May 11, 2007
Proven Gasification/CO2 Capture Plants Started
40
GE’s Operating Gasification Plants with CO2 Separation
35
Starts per year
30
Cumulative
Operating Plants
Construction
25
25 20 15 10 5 2015
2010
2005
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
1965
0
Start Year
Gasification w/ CO2 Capture is over 50 yrs old
• First GE gasification plant w/ CO2 removal: Spencer Chemical, 1953 • 25 operating plants (8 solids) over last 40 years Copyright General Electric Company
14 / GE / May 11, 2007
Gasification Capture Experience Coal
Ammonia Hydrogen Methanol
Petcoke Coal/Petcoke Liquid Gas
Capture+Shift Equivalency to CC • Ammonia Plant => 90% CO2 Capture • Methanol Process => 70% CO2 Capture Copyright General Electric Company
15 / GE / May 11, 2007
Proven Hydrogen Turbines Site ExxonMobil Singapore Georgia Gulf SUV Vresova BASF/ Geismer Koch Refinery Daeson Korea Shell Int'l Reutgerswerke Tenerife Cartagena San Roque
Model MS6241FA MS7001EA MS9001E MS6001B MS6001B MS6001B MS5001P MS3002J MS6001B MS6000B MS6000B
No. Gas 2 IGCC 3 Blend 2 IGCC 1 PG 1 RFG 1 PG 1 RFG 1 PG 1 RFG 1 RFG 2 RFG
Features 44.5% H2 Methane+50% H2 46.8% H2 Up to 80% H2 12% to 50% H2 up to 95% H2 60% H2, propane 60% H2 ~70% H2 66% H2 70% H2
MS7001EA
WG=Waste Gas; RFG=Refinery Gas; Steel=COG+BFG; TG=Tail gas
MS6001B
Site Antwerpen Puertollano La Coruna Rotterdam AGIP/ Milazzo Cochin Refineries Mobil/ Paulsboro Uhde NUP Donges Zarqa Refinery Copyright General Electric Company
Model MS6000B MS6000B MS6000B MS6000B MS5001P MS5001P MS5001P MS3002J GE10 PGT10
No. 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
Gas RFG RFG RFG RFG RFG RFG RFG TG RFG RFG
Features 78% H2 Up to 60% H2 Up to 52% H2 59% H2 30% to 50% H2 50% H2 20% to 60% H2 ~60% H2 76% H2 82% H2 16 / GE / May 11, 2007
F-Class Combustor - Proven for H2 • Diffusion flame technology • Diluent addition used to control NOx (N2 or steam) • Typically achieves 15ppm NOx (with diluent) • FA & FB combustion validation completed
Experience
MNQC Liner Cap
Diluent Control
Copyright General Electric Company
17 / GE / May 11, 2007
Storage
Pathways
Technologies
CO2 $/Ton
Geological
•Compression into oil & gas reserves, saline aquifers, or deep coal seams
Terrestrial
•Forest preservation •Algae •Microbes
Ocean
•Deep ocean injection •Hydrates for permanence
$5-10
$50 $120 NA $50
Cost = capture + storage + transport Copyright General Electric Company
18 / GE / May 11, 2007
Status of CO2 use for EOR in the US1 A lot has been safely done in the past. • Approximately 80 CO2-EOR projects: - Natural CO2 - 3000 miles of CO2 distribution pipelines in Permian Basin (U.S.) - Enhanced oil recovery efficiency ranges from 11 to 15% • Multiple oil reservoirs available for CO2-EOR. • CO2-EOR projects have been limited by CO2 quantity. 1
U.S. Dept. Of Energy (Feb. 2006)
Copyright General Electric Company
19 / GE / May 11, 2007
GE and BP Accelerating Low Carbon Power Generation Hydrogen Power Projects • Utilize advantaged fossil fuels (coal, petcoke) • Produce high H2 fuel gas to burn in gas turbines • Capture CO2 (~90%) • Utilize CO2 for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) • Future storage in Saline Aquifers
Carson Hydrogen Power Project
Value Through Collaboration • Combine technology company with an operations company • Leaders in gasification, power and CCS • 10+ projects over next decade • Carson, CA is first gasification project
Copyright General Electric Company
20 / GE / May 11, 2007
GE Product Development Strategy Models Coal Slurry Spray
Lab Tests
Field Tests
Materials
Injection Test
Validation Data
Metal
120
Temperature (ºF)
Coatings & Refractory
80
60
Gasification Kinetics
40 08/05/04 00:00
08/07/04 00:00
08/09/04 00:00
08/11/04 00:00
08/13/04 00:00
08/15/04 00:00
08/17/04 00:00
08/19/04 00:00
08/21/04 00:00
08/23/04 00:00
08/25/04 00:00
Field Optimization Slag Penetration
Gas Flow & Heat Recovery
100
“New” Material
“Old” Material
Cost, Reliability, Operability, Efficiency Copyright General Electric Company
21 / GE / May 11, 2007
GE’s Global IGCC Resources
GE Energy’s Gasification Business Headquarters Houston, TX
China Technology Center Shanghai, China
Global Research Center Headquarters Niskayuna, NY
Gas Turbine Manufacturing Sites Greenville, SC Belfort, France
Copyright General Electric Company
Europe Technology Center Munich, Germany
John F. Welch Technology Centre Bangalore, India 22 / GE / May 11, 2007
Summary • New coal capacity build depends on economic feasibility of carbon capture • IGCC with pre-combustion capture is proven and ready to provide low CO2 power from coal • IGCC provides the lowest avoided cost of CO2 capture today • Advances in gasification, separation and hydrogen combustion will maintain IGCC leadership for cleaner coal and with carbon capture and storage
Copyright General Electric Company
23 / GE / May 11, 2007
GE Energy
IGCC Cleaner Coal – Ready for Carbon Capture
Q&A
