International Journal of Aerospace, Mechanical, Structural and Mechatronics Engineering Vol.1, Issue 2, May – 2016
ISSN (Online): 2454-4094
Identification of Psychological Factors Affecting among the Construction Workers. 1
K.Gunasekaran, 2A.Sasikala, 3S.Kamal 1 Research Scholar, 2Master of Engineering, 3Assistant Professor 1,2,3 Department of Structural Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil nadu, India Isobel Alless (2013) says building related illnesses of environmental problems, sick building syndrome and allergy. The buildings related illness has direct and indirect impact on health, workplace comfort and productivity of the construction. Building related illness and stresses has caused by a number of factors individually and combination of their synergistic effects. For example of shows such as the influenced factors have the biological, physical, chemical, organizational, management, psychological and psychosomatic factors. The Health and environmental related issues which may involve input from a variety of sources including engineers, supervisors, project manager ,architects, health supervisors, psychologist, other experts in air conditioning or environmental control.
Abstract: In India, the construction sector is the largest sector and one of the back bones of developing the infrastructure of our country. The construction sector has reported to suffer from significantly higher levels of psychological factor affecting among the construction workers either directly or indirectly. The constructions workers have expected to satisfy their demands on basic amenities, communication and response from firm, and dependency. However, the construction workers often influenced lot in onsite psychological issues directly or indirectly. The influencing of psychological factors which results in demotivate of among the construction workers and opposite way of improvement on productivity of the construction project and decreases in the way of construction workers efficiency. In this study 100 workers were personally interviewed in various location and various ongoing projects in Tamilnadu state, India. Study was done through structured questionnaire survey methods. Consequently, the collected responses were analysed to find relatively important index (RII).This study accomplish that several critical psychological factors have influencing the construction workers like such as psychological, organizational, safety and environment behaviour.
Balkrishna.B.Adsul (2011) says construction sectors is a booming industry and involves many hazardous activities. The Migrant labour in the construction sectors is susceptible to various health and occupational hazards. In a unique publicprivate partnership of construction project, a medical team from a public sector teaching hospital in Mumbai provided the comprehensive on site health care services to the construction workers of a private construction company. The result of this study had extrapolated to other construction sites employing the migrant workers. The benefits of the construction company have a healthy workforce to achieve its targets and goals of the project as well as opting for the occupational health and safety assessment series certification.
Keywords: Psychological critical factors, Functional health, Construction workers, physical activities
I. INTRODUCTION In India, the construction industries sector has facing the challenge of the construction workers life style, which also influencing and affects the psychological critical factors like such as from the psychological behaviour, organization behaviour, safety behaviour and environmental behaviour, this is accompanied by changes in physical and mental capacities of construction workers. The purpose for this study was to find and predicts staying or becoming unemployed (Schuring et al. 2007).This calls for the better adjustments of the construction working life style demands and the individuals health as a important element for a longer career at work. Within this framework and the concept of work, influencing the psychological factors has focused to improve the workers health & safety and to improve the construction progress.
Seyed Mohammad Alavinia (2008): Says productivity loss in the workforce of construction sectors. The health, work demands, and individual characterises were influenced the decreased productivity. The study population consist of 2252 workers in 24 different compares in the Netherlands in 2005-2006 only response in 56 %.The selfreported has the loss of productivity on the workday was measured on 10 point numerical rating scale by the quantity and quality method. The Logistic regression analysis was influenced and used to explore the associations between construction work demands, health problems, individual characteristics, and life style factors with the occurrence of productivity loss, productivity losses at work frequently occur
II. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:
1
International Journal of Aerospace, Mechanical, Structural and Mechatronics Engineering Vol.1, Issue 2, May – 2016
ISSN (Online): 2454-4094
due to health problems and subsequently impairment, and lack of control over the pace and planning to work. This will substantially contribute among workers.
construction sectors. They are victims of headache, backache, joint pain, skin disease, lung disorders like silicosis, and other muscular skeletal disorders and so on. IV. WORK RELATED TO PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS:
Glenn pronsky (2000) says the outcomes of treatment for work related injuries. The factors of illness are multidimensional and complex. This study has influenced to provide the information sample of workers and representing a range of jobs and employers typical of the range of jobs and employers typical of the workers compensation system. The survey has measured the multiple dimensions conducted. The identified through the New Hampshire divisions of the workers compensation of first report of injury database and the sample of workers with injuries to their 60% of lower back 40% of upper extremities. The response rate was 80% , upper extremity cases 70% , Low back cases 99% and the most (82.8%) were working one year post injury over half reported residual effects if the injury on work or activities of daily livings. Many working subjects have reported to persistent injury related anxiety and pain of the workday, worse in those with upper extremity injuries. Almost 40% of those who returned to work suffered an injury. In forty-four percent of respondents has suffered in the significant injury-related financial problems, which were worse in those who had been out of work for musculoskeletal injuries do result in significant, long term adverse physical, economic, and psychological consequences as demonstrated in self reported surveys.
The assessment of the non-ancient work related health issues is rather complicated. The construction recognition system for occupational diseases has indirectly linked to social security systems and they differ much more than the national data collection systems for accident at works. On the other hand, surveys assessing work-related health problems can be performed in a harmonized way and need to rely on the respondents of concerning the work-related causality of the health problem. V. METHODOLOGY Sample size and sampling technique: The study is based on a sample size of 100 respondents. It was conducted through a questionnaire and the personally interviewed among the construction workers in various locations and various projects. The study was conducted in various location of construction stakeholders involved in the construction projects of TamilNadu sectors. The study is based on the following criteria i) Critical factors of the workers towards physiological behaviour ii) Critical factors of the workers towards Organization behaviour iii) Critical factors of the workers towards safety behaviour iv) Critical factors of the workers towards Environment behaviour.
III. PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH BEHAVIOUR OF CONSTRUCTION WORKERS:
Instruments and Measures: The questionnaire contained two sections: The first section have collected the demographic details of the respondents. In the second section have completed primary sources of data collected with questionnaire survey with the 5- point likert scale. Respondents were requested to indicate which psychological factors they considered to have significant influencing the effects among them. The questionnaire were adopted a 5-point likert scale ranging from 5 –Most satisfied to 1-Not Satisfied. The data analysis was carried out using Relative Importance Index (RII) as a basis for analysis. The following equation (1) is to adopted to evaluated RII for psychological factors among the construction workers.
The construction workers were response to the stress and the health behaviour. The stress is clearly affected by the health behavioural habits. The health behavioural habits are response like such as anger, hostility, fear, anxiety, stress, sleeping disorders, and occupational disorders. In theses, health behavioural related to the need for control and inter act with stressors, stress, occupational disorders, and symptoms of disease. A wide range of activities is involved in it. The workers engaged in this industry are victims of different occupational disorders, and psychological stresses. However, data in respect to occupational health and psychological stress are scanty in our country. It is true that a sizable numbers of the workforce is form the unorganized sectors; the working hours are more than the stipulated hours of work, the workplace is not suitable for the construction workers. In these situation had to create increase the accident in
Relative Important Index 𝑅𝐼𝐼 = Where:
2
𝛴𝑊 𝐴
∗ 𝑁 (0 ≤ 𝑅𝐼𝐼 ≤ 1) … … . . (1)
International Journal of Aerospace, Mechanical, Structural and Mechatronics Engineering Vol.1, Issue 2, May – 2016
ISSN (Online): 2454-4094
11-20 21-30 31-40
W-is the weight given to each factor by the respondents and ranges from 1-5 (Where 1 is not satisfy and 5 is excellent) A-is the highest weight (i.e. 5 in this cased) and N-is total number of respondents
20% 9% 10%
Living with family
Yes No
45% 55%
VI. RESULT AND DISCUSSION The demographical profile details of the respondents are shown in Table 1. it is found that 38% of the respondents were in between the age groups of 20-25, and following factors such as the next stage of 34% of the respondents in between the age groups of 31-40 , 14% of the respondents are in between the age groups of 41-50,12% of the respondents are in between the age groups of 26-30 and the final stage of respondents are in between the age groups of 26-30.From the table it is found that 99% of the respondents are male and 1% of the respondents are female.
TABLE 2. CRITICAL FACTORS OF THE WORKERS TOWARDS PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR Sl.no
Are you satisfied with the salary is given by the company Are delay to get your salary Do you feel allotted time for the work is sufficient Have you feel boring during the working time If the people assigning you is qualified enough Are you feel freedom at work Did the company provides sufficient increment or bonus on your skills Are you diabetes patient Have you take proper sleeping Are you go through civil-working drawing Are you emotional person Do you feel good behaviours from the your co-workers Whether your family is depended on your salary Are you feel you in lack of training
1
On the whole 40% of the respondents are illiterate, 47% of the respondents are higher secondary education, 1% of the respondents are ITI holders, 3% of the respondents are diploma holders and the remaining 1% of the respondents are engineering persons. From the table it is found that 58% of the respondents are the year of experience in between 6-10 and the following factors such as 20% of the respondents are the year of experience in between 11-20 and 10% of the respondents are the year of experience in between 31-40 and 9% of the respondents are the year of experience in between 21-30 and 1-5.In addition to the information living with family are also shown in the table1.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
TABLE 1. DEMOGRAPHICAL PROFILE
12 Age
Percentage
20-25 26-30 31-40 41-50 51-55
38 % 12% 34% 14% 2%
Male Female
99% 1%
Illiterate HSC ITI Diploma Engineering
40% 47% 1% 3% 1%
13 14 15
Gender
Are you satisfy with your job Are you understanding the supervisors communication easily Are you using s safety materials at the time of working
16 17
Education
RII
Rank
0.652
1
0.702
2
0.716
3
0.718
4
0.720
5
0.726
6
0.732
7
0.740 0.736 0.742 0.744
8 9 10 11
0.748
12
0.760
13
0.784
14
0.796
15
0.820
16
0.884
17
TABLE 3. CRITICAL FACTORS OF THE WORKERS TOWARDS ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOURS:
Years of experience
1-5 6-10
Critical factors of the workers towards psychological behaviour
9% 52%
3
Sl.no
Critical factors of the workers towards Organization behaviour
RII
1
Whether the company is allotted to work at overnight
0.696
Rank
1
International Journal of Aerospace, Mechanical, Structural and Mechatronics Engineering Vol.1, Issue 2, May – 2016
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Whether the company provides the travelling facilities to come at site If the supervisors using unnecessary harassment to the workers If the higher officers seen partiality to the workers If the company provides on festival leaves & bonus Whether the company is provided a proper health insurance If there is better understanding between the company and the workers If the supervisors are friendliness to the workers Have the proper training is given to workers by using heavy equipment Any grievance were noted by the company from workers Have you satisfied with the accommodation is given by company Whether proper training programs were conducted by company Whether proper visit is conducted by higher authorities or supervisors Whether the correct and proper motivation is given to workers Regular medical check-up were conducted by the company
ISSN (Online): 2454-4094
0.706
2
0.714
3
0.726
4
0.726
5
0.742
6
0.768
7
0.774
TABLE 5. CRITICAL FACTORS OF THE WORKERS TOWARDS ENVIRONMENT BEHAVIOUR Sl.no
9
0.800
10
0.802
11
0.804
12
0.810
13
0.814
14
0.858
15
Critical factors of the workers towards safety behaviour
RII
Rank
1
Did you feel providing the scaffolding is strength enough
0.798
1
2
Did the company is assign you based on your interest work
0.808
2
3
Whether your company is strict in safety projector
0.810
3
4
Did you follow the rules and regulation of safety in projector
0.828
4
5
Whether the inspection is taken daily by your supervisors
0,842
5
6
Did the conducting safety meeting often
0.846
6
7
Do they provide sufficient compensation for accident
0.870
7
8
If the safety materials are provide in the construction site
0.900
8
Rank
Do you get disturbance due to vibrating from site
0.782
1
2
Did you get proper illumination& ventilation facilities at site
0.812
2
3
Did you feel tolerable noise in your work area
0.812
3
4
Whether the drinking water for the workers is purified
0.870
4
5
Did they given safety causation to an electrical works
0.884
5
6
Are you have sufficient guards to work under various condition
0.930
6
VII. RESULT From Table 2, Shows the ‘Critical Factors of the Workers towards Psychological Behaviour’ has been significant a lot of psychological issues influencing the construction workers. The first objective of the study was to establish the top nine Psychological behaviour factors are affecting in the construction the workers. From the table Rank 1 is obtained the salary (RII=0.652) and the following factors such as Rank 2 is obtained delay to get salary (RII=0.702), Rank 3 is obtained Feel allotted time for the work is sufficient (RII=0.716), Rank 4 is obtained boring during the working time (RII=0.718) but this question was constructed negative questionnaire to identified the strength of response. Hence the value of this question is obtained low Relative Important Index (RII).However this factors will influence in increase of the productivity of the psychological factors. Rank 5 is obtained Feel freedom at work (RII=0.726), Rank 6 is obtained the company provides sufficient increment (RII=0.732), Rank 7 is obtained the through civil-working drawing (RII=0.742), Rank 8 is obtained the emotional person (RII=0.744), and Rank 9 is obtained the diabetes patient (RII=0.740). From Table 3, revealed that the ‘Critical factors of the workers towards organization behaviour’, The second objective of the study was to establish the above fifty percent of the organization Factors affecting the workers and below the category. From the table Rank 1 is obtained the factors are the company is allotted to work at overnight work (RII=0.696) and the following factors such as Rank 2 is the company provides the travelling facilities to come at site (RII=0.706),
TABLE 4. CRITICAL FACTORS OF THE WORKERS TOWARDS SAFETY BEHAVIOUR Sl.no
RII
1
8
0.796
Critical factors of the workers towards Environment behavior
4
International Journal of Aerospace, Mechanical, Structural and Mechatronics Engineering Vol.1, Issue 2, May – 2016
ISSN (Online): 2454-4094
Rank 3 is the supervisors using the unnecessary harassment to worker (RII=0.714),Rank 4 is the higher officers seen partiality to workers (RII=0.726),Rank 5 is the company provides on festivals leave and bonus (RII=0.726),Rank 6 is the company provided a proper health insurance (RII=0.742),Rank 7 is understanding between workers and company (RII=0.768),Rank 8 is friendliness to the workers (RII=0.744) and Rank 9 is the proper trained to use heavy equipment (RII=0.796).
category are overtime works, unnecessary harassment to worker, and partiality to workers, festival leave and bonus, providing health insurance, understanding between workers and company, friendliness to the workers and trained to use heavy equipment. The above discussed the factors are most important. To be avoided over night work because this factors affecting the health directly. To be encouraged the workers workmanship.
From Table 4, shows that the ‘Critical factors of the workers towards safety behaviour’, The third objective of the study was to establish the fifty percent of the organization Factors affecting the workers and below the categories. From the table Rank 1 is obtained feel providing the scaffolding is strength enough (RII=0.798) and the following the critical factors such as the Rank 2 is the company assigned you the based on your interest work (RII=808), Rank 3 is company strictly followed in safety projector (RII=0.810) and Rank 4 is follow the rules and regulation of safety in projector (RII=828.)
The third objective of the study was to establish the organization factors affecting the workers and below the categories feel providing the scaffolding is strength enough, company is assign you based on your interest work, company is strict in safety projector, you follow the rules and regulation of safety in projector. The fourth objective of the study was to establish the environmental factors affecting among the workers and the categories are disturbance due to vibrating from site , feel tolerable noise in your work area , get proper illumination & ventilation facilities , safety causation to an electrical works and the below drinking water for the workers is purified .
From Table 5, Shows that the ‘Critical factors of the workers towards environment behaviour’, The fourth objective of the study was to establish the environmental Factors affecting the workers and the categories are, disturbance due to vibrating from site (RII=0.782), feel tolerable noise in your work area (RII=0.812), get proper illumination & ventilation facilities (RII=0.812), safety causation to an electrical works (RII=0.884), the below drinking water for the workers is purified (RII=0.870).
IX. RECOMMENDATION The following factors are most important factors to consider and need to focus on the workers psychological behaviour, organization behaviour, safety behaviour and environmental behaviour. In this factors should be controlled to avoid the wastage of materials and mental illness of workers and improve the physical activities. The organisation should strictly follow the rules and regulations, in this categories functioning to avoid addiction persons, smoking habit persons indirectly. Moreover, need to encourage the safety rules and regulations implementation in offsite and on site regularly. To avoid aged persons in high level work to control the site accidents. It is necessary to provide the health insurance, medical facilities and medical check up periodically. It is to improve the workers health level. To avoid over night work in construction sectors particularly in this factors to create the lack of sleep disorders. To provide the increment and bonus it is create the job security level.
VIII. CONCLUSIONS These researches were categorized influenced among the psychological factors are classified under four groups such as i) Psychological behaviour related factors ii) Organizational behaviour related factors iii) Safety behaviours related factors and iv) Environmental behaviours related factors. The most significant critical factors of construction workers were identified as : i. satisfied with the salary, delay to get your salary, feel allotted time for the work is sufficient, boring during the working time, feel freedom at work and company provides sufficient increment. The construction workers are depended the daily wages, and weekly wages. However, the workers feel, they are not adequately getting salary on time. It makes the workers mentally disturbed while working in the firm.
The following factors are most important factors to consider the critical factors of workers towards psychological behaviours and particularly followed the salary issues because the construction workers fully dependable on the daily wages and weekly wages. The most of the construction workers have expecting without deduction of salary and without delay the
The second objective of the study was to establish the organization Factors affecting the workers and below the
5
International Journal of Aerospace, Mechanical, Structural and Mechatronics Engineering Vol.1, Issue 2, May – 2016
ISSN (Online): 2454-4094
payment. In this factors created to unnecessary job satisfaction of the construction workers. To provided shift based work arrangement properly without partiality. This issue has to create suffering the mental illness of the workers side and to reduce the efficiency of working progress outcome sources in construction fields. The construction company has been encourage the workers level and to provide the bonus and increment system properly. To care of worker medical facilities arrangements and to provide regular medical check up and to maintained the workers medical trip sheet record keeping analysed properly.
Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu for support, encouragement and providing facilities.
XI. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.
2.
3.
The following factors are most important factors to consider the critical factors of workers towards organization behaviours and particularly followed the factors were not encouraging the overnight of work .This factors has affected lack of sleeping and to create the decreased the workers efficiency levels and directly affected the outcome source of the construction productivity. To provide the company bus because some construction site in located outside of town without transport facilities. The transport facility has to use of construction workers to reach the home and site in proper time. The time management is to increase the outcome source of the construction productivity. To control ill treated and harassment to the workers. These factors to create the bad opinion and spoil the company name directly and indirectly. To provide the training programme for how to use the heavy equipment handling very carefully. The unskilled workers has handled heavy equipment machine without training. This factor has to create the accident in construction sectors. To avoid accident and to prevent the human life and increased the construction productivity outcome sources.
4.
5.
6. 7. 8. 9.
10.
11.
12.
To considered the critical factors of the workers towards safety behaviour factors properly. To provide the safety materials and to strictly follow the safety rules and regulation .The safety rules and safety material has to prevent and reduced the construction industry sectors accident. To check proper scaffolding in construction site and maintained the scaffolding materials.
13.
14.
15.
To considered the critical factors of the workers towards environment behaviours factors properly. The environmental factor has affected the construction site outcome sources of productivity indirectly.
16.
X.ACKENOLODGEMENT 17.
The authors gratefully thank to acknowledge Dr. C. Antony Jayasehar, Dean and Professor, Department of Structural Engineering, FEAT, Annamalai University,
6
B Adsul,Payal S. Laad,Prashant V. Howal,Ramesh M,Chaturvedi,2012, “Health problems among migrant construction workers,page” no 1-4. C.R. Chehassan,O.JBasha, W.H Wan Hanaafi,(2007), “perception of building construction workers towards safety, health, and Environment’’, volume no.3, page 278-279 Dr. R. Radhakrishnan, (2013),“A study impact of theworkers stress among the Tile factory workers” International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3. Dr.shalini, SaritaBharti, (2013). “Physical & Psychological Hazards Faced by Child Labour”. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, volume.13. G.Tiwary,P.K,Gangopathyay,S.Biswas,K.Nayak,D.Chakraborty and L.CHalder,( 2013), “Psychological stress of the building construction workers, Human biology review (Issn 2277 4424) 2(3). Jose L.Melia and Marta Becerril, (2009),“Health behaviors and safety in the construction sector’’, volume 21, page 431-432 M,Chaturvedi,(2012), “Health problems among migrantconstruction workers” page no 1-4 Marta Becerril,L. Meliá,(2007), “psychosocial source of stress and burnout in the constructionsector”, volume 19. MengchunZhang,PinchaoLiao,Liuxin,Jian,Bingsheng ,Changtao Chen DongpingFang,Peilun Rao,(2014), “A Cognitive Perspective on the Safety Communication Factors that Affect Worker Behavior”, Journal Glenn Pransky , Kate Benjamine (2000), “Out comes in work related upper extremity and low Back injuries: Results of a Retrospective study”, Results of a Restrospective study American Journals of Industrial Medicine, 400-409. Hans Horst Konkolesky, Antti Karjalaines (2004), “Actions to improve safety and Health in construction”, Hans Magazine of the European agency for safety and Health at work, 1-32. Seyed Mohammad Alarinia , Duco Molenaar, Alex Burdorf (5th September 2008) “Productivity loss in the work force: Associations with Health, Work Demands, and Individual Characteristics”, American Journals of Industrial Medicine, 1-8. Carol Propper, Mary Anne Venables (2013), “An assessment of labour’s record on health and healthcare”, Oxford Review of Economics, 203-226. Idirimanna IASD, Jayawardena LNAS (2011) “Factors Affecting the Health and safety behaviour of factory workers” 11th Global conference on business and economics, 1-21. Tammy Lundstrom , Gina Pugliese (2002), “Organizational and environmental factors that affect worker health and safety and patient outcomes “ The Association for Professionals in Infection control and Epidemiology Vol.30, 2, 93-106. Janine Barden.Ofallon, Gustavo Angeles (2006), “Imbalance in the health labour force: An assessment using data from three national health facility surveys” Oxford University, 10-12. Balkrishna. B. Adsul , Payal S. Laad (2011), “Health problem among migrant construction workers: A unique public – Private partnership project”, Indian Journals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 29-32.
International Journal of Aerospace, Mechanical, Structural and Mechatronics Engineering Vol.1, Issue 2, May – 2016
ISSN (Online): 2454-4094
18. Anil Adisesh, Roger Raw Bone (2007), “Occupational health standards in the Construction Industry”, Health and Safety Executive, 1-42.
7
