IBDAS Integrated Bridge Design and Analysis System
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IBDAS - The Leading Integrated Bridge Design and Analysis Software IBDAS is COWI’s in-house developed state-of-the-art software package for fully integrated design and analysis of load bearing structures. IBDAS contains special features for bridge and tunnel design, but can be applied for all types of structures.
Second Bridge across the Panama Canal. The 1052 m long bridge, will carry a 4 lane highway across the Panama Canal. The cable stayed bridge has a main span of 420 m.
IBDAS is based on 3D logical and parametric solid modelling comprising: • parametric modelling • joint database for analysis and drawing production • integration with the alignment and profile of highway projects • state-of-the art analysis facilities • construction stage analysis, incl. geometry and stress check during construction • design verification according to international design codes • built in experience gained from international small and large scale bridge projects.
IBDAS is a genuine CAE-tool, generating CAD drawings from the same database as the geometric and structural analysis. The drawing production can therefore be carried out in an automated process maintaining full consistency of data between the different stages in the design process. IBDAS enables COWI to provide services for our clients: • with high quality • cost effectively • maintaining consistency between basis, analysis and drawings • in a fast track design process.
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Photo: Miklos Szabo
Øresund Bridge, Denmark - Sweden. The 7844 m long combined highway and railway bridge was designed using IBDAS.
The development of IBDAS is focused on continuously improving the sofware and implementing new and innovative technical features. The IBDAS Developer Team is always at hand to introduce specific taylor made features when required by the projects, and to provide support to the engineers. This ensures that it is possible to deliver high quality services in a timely manner. Large scale international projects are often being fast-tracked. The fully automated design process in IBDAS supports this by enabling design changes also late in the process. The track record of IBDAS is impressive. IBDAS has successfully been used for the analysis and design of a large number of major international bridges and tunnels.
Quality Assurance
COWI’s division responsible for the IBDAS development, is ISO 9001 certified and new developments in IBDAS are quality tested prior to release.
The History
The development of IBDAS started back in 1983 and the first IBDAS version was released in 1988. The overall concept of the program has remained unchanged since then.
COWI has invested more than 6 million Euro in the development of IBDAS. In order to stay at the forefront of our business the development and maintenance of IBDAS is ongoing.
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The Concept of IBDAS
The extensive capabilities of IBDAS have primarily been achieved by development of a flexible input language, the IBDAS Modelling Language - IML. IML is a high-level programming language especially developed for logical and parametric definitions of design criteria, design objects, static, dynamic and geometric analysis, drawings and written design documentation. IML provides for an integrated problem solving capability whereby finite element models, design and construction drawings, quantity estimates etc. can be established by referring directly to a user defined 3D solid model of the actual structure. The input to IBDAS consists of an IML text stored in a file which is called an IBDAS Model or just a Model. References to previously defined models may be included in the actual model. A model can in this way be defined as a multilevel structure of reference models with optimum use of standard models. Standard models are stored in the system databases accessible by all COWI engineers.
Great Belt Bridge, designed using IBDAS.
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Comfort analyses for high speed trains was carried by IBDAS for the NanJing Yangtze River Bridge in China.
Examples of standard models include: • A code of practice database with models containing material data, loads and load combinations, structural verification etc. as specified in codes and standards. • a structural element database with models of bridge girders, piers, pylons, tunnel elements etc. • a bridge design database with complete parametric project models for different bridge types, e.g. cable stayed bridges, suspension bridges, balanced cantilever bridges, girder bridges, slab bridges and frame bridges. • a tunnel design database with parametric project models for various tunnel types e.g. immersed tunnels, cut and cover tunnels and highway underpasses. Great Belt Tunnel.
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Bridges
Highway overpass modelled with IBDAS using the roadway alignment from the road design software InRoads.
IBDAS has a proven track record as design tool for a large number of significant international bridge projects. IBDAS is being used for analysis and design of all types of bridges, including: • Cable Stayed Bridges • Suspension Bridges • Arch Bridges • Balanced Cantilever Bridges • Multi span girder bridges • Truss bridges • Highway Bridges.
The parametric features of IBDAS, and the integration between structural analysis, geometric design and drawing production, makes it ideally suited for mass production of highway bridge designs. Here it is often required in a short time to design a large number of structures of similar type, but with varying geometry.
Stonecutters Bridge. Contour plot of stresses in transverse bulkhead from the detailed shell element part of the global analysis model.
Photomontage: Ove Arup and Partners
Stonecutter Bridge, Hong Kong. IBDAS analysis model including shell element model of a section of the twin steel box girder.
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Sheikh Zayed Bridge, Abu Dhabi. Detailed IBDAS analysis of 842 m long arch bridge. A combination of beam and shell elements were used for the analysis.
Årsta Bridge. Setting out data for posttensioning generated by IBDAS.
Årsta Bridge, Sweden. Detailed IBDAS modelling of posttensioning and reinforcement for 815 m long high speed railway bridge.
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Tunnels Examples of large tunnel projects designed using IBDAS: • Preveza - Aktio Crossing, Greece (Detailed design) • Fourth Harbour Crossing, Hong Kong (Feasibility study) • Copenhagen Airport Railway Tunnel, Denmark (Detailed design) • Bjørvika, Norway (Basic design) • Busan - Geoje, Korea (Detailed Design).
400 m Immersed Tunnel, Fourth Shannon Crossing, Limerick, Ireland.
Immersed tunnel elements placed in casting yard for the Preveza - Actio Crossing, Greece.
Marine Structures
Examples of large marine structures designed using IBDAS: • Egyptian LNG Project (2.4 km long jetty), Idku, Egypt • Offshore Wind Turbines, Rødsand, Denmark • Ras Laffan Liquid Product Berths, Port of Ras Laffan, Qatar.
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Foundations for offshore wind turbines. Rødsand, Denmark. 72 foundations for offshore wind turbines have been analysed and designed using IBDAS. The water depth varies between 6 m and 10 m and the weight of the foundations varies between 1000 t and 1800 t.
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IBDAS Features
Parametric Modelling
3D logical and parametric solid modelling is used to define the actual structure. All IBDAS models are established as parametric models, such that the analysis model rapidly can be updated to reflect changes that might take place throughout the design process. This can include revised alignment, width of bridge deck, thickness of webs, spacing between cable stays etc.
SuTong Special Fairway Bridge, Nantong, China. IBDAS model of cast insitu balanced cantilever concrete box girder with a main span of 268 m.
Materials Special Tunnel Features
• Parametric modelling of a polygonal tunnel alignment • Optimise the tunnel alignment and hence minimise dredging/fill • Calculation of floating stability and wave forces • Calculation of settlements and joint movements. Construction Stages
Construction stages have an influence on the final stress distribution in the structure. IBDAS makes it possible to model the exact construction stages including activities such as: • Casting of structural parts • Erection and removal of structural parts • Stressing/slackening of tendons • Changing of support conditions, e.g. temporary supports • Placing and removing temporary construction loads. A time indication is linked to each activity in order to calculate time dependent effects such as creep, relaxation and shrinkage.
Various types of solid materials, as well as prestressing steel and mild steel reinforcement can be modelled. Shrinkage and Creep of concrete structures can be modelled using e.g. the CEB-FIP Model Code. Finite Elements
IBDAS has an extensive element library, including: • Truss • Beam • Shell • 3D-solid elements.
are automatically included. Live loads can include highway loads, railway loads and sidewalk loads. Other Loads
• • • • • • • •
Dead load Superimposed Dead load Shrinkage and Creep Settlements Temperature loads Wind loads Seismic loads Impact loads.
Load Combinations
These elements are supplemented by various special elements, such as non-linear spring and damper elements. Bridge Live Loads
Uniformly distributed lane loads, knife edge loads, wheel loads, axle loads and vehicle loads. Extreme bridge live load effects for each investigated effect, e.g. maximum stress in a cross section, are automatically determined by using influence surfaces. Effect of number of loaded lanes and loaded length
Simple as well as complex combination can be modelled. A simple combination specifies a combination of fixed actions with load factors. A complex combination specifies a combination in which: • Actions can be free actions • Actions can be alternative actions, so that one or more adverse actions among alternatives automatically will be selected in a given situation • Actions can be given different load factors corresponding to adverse and relieving effects.
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SuTong Bridge, China. Cable stayed bridge with 1088 m main span.
Analysis Procedures
Parametric modelling.
IBDAS has a large number of static and dynamic analysis procedures, including: • Linear Static analysis • Geometric Non-Linear analysis • Plastic Analysis • Eigenfrequency analysis • Time-history dynamic analysis • Seismic Response Spectrum Analysis • Multi-Support Seismic Response Spectrum analysis including effect of varying support conditions, coherence etc. • Buffeting Wind Analysis • Comfort Analysis (for e.g. high speed railways) • Buckling Analysis • Float stability Analysis • Design optimization • Reliability Analysis. Structural Adequacy Verification
Verification modelling consists in specifying the methods to be used in verification of various limit states, e.g. • Service Limit State • Ultimate Limit State • Accidental Limit State • Fatique Limit State or as specified in the Code that applies to the specific project.
The verification can be used for truss, beam and shell elements in accordance with various Design Codes. The following Design Codes have already been incorporated in IBDAS: • Eurocode • BS 5400 • AASHTO • CEB-FiP Model Code • Danish Codes • Swedish Codes • Norwegian Codes • German Codes. New Codes are introduced as soon as a COWI project requires it. Illustration of Results
IBDAS results can be generated in various forms, including: • alpha-numeric reports for incorporation into EXCEL etc. for further analysis • graphical output with e.g. bending moment curves, contour plots with utilization ratios, influence surfaces, position of loads on the influence surface for a specific load effect • CAD files for preparation of design drawings or drive-across or fly-by visualisation of the bridge.
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