i3v
t^ ODD
^
19 D D
D
I]
5
&
LIED
no
D
Beni Hasan
PL,
li
Actual
size.
THE SYMBOL OF THE NOME. FROM THE SOUTH WALL OF TOMB NO
M. 3.
II',
I.
(FRONTlSPItCfc;.
BUirhden,
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT Edited by
F.
GRIFFITH, M.A,
Ll.
F.S.A.
FIFTH MEMOIR
BENI HASAN PART
III.
BY
F.
Ll.
GRIFFITH
WITH TEN COLOURED PLATES
SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND
LONDON: SOLD AT
The offices OF
THE
AND AT AND BY
EXPLORATION FUND,
EGYl^T 15,
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & 1!.
ASHER &
37,
Great Russell Stueet, W.C,
Blagden Street, Uoston, Mass., U.S.A.;
QUARITCH,
Co., 13,
CO., Pateknosteu House, 15,
Piccadilly,
Charing Cross Roao, W.C
W.
Bedford Stuket, Covent Garden, W.C. 189G
EGYPT EXPLOEATION FUND. lPrci3lC>cnt.
SIR
JOHN FOWLER,
K.C.M.G.
]!akt.,
DiCC=lptC8lCiCnt8.
Sir
RMaunde Thompson, K.C.B.,D.C.L.,LL.D. - General Sir G.C.M.G., K.C.B.
Major
TiiK Rev. Prof. A.
Francis
The Hon. Chas.
Gkenfell,
Sir
J.
L.
Hutchinson (U.S.A.).
William Dawson, D.C.L., LL.D.,
l-'.R.S.
(Canada).
H. Sayoe, M.A., LL.D.
Charles Dudley Warner,
Esq., L.H.D.,
Prof. G. iNIaspero, D.C.L. (Fiance).
LL.D.
Prof. An. Erman, Pli.D. (Germany).
(U.S.A.).
The Rev. W.
Josiaii Mullens, Esq. (Australia).
Winslow, D.D., D.C.L. and Ron. Sec, U.S.A.).
C.
{Hon. Treas.
M. Charles Hentsch
(Switzerland).
Ibon. treasurers. II.
A
The Rev. W.
Grueber, Esq., F.S.A.
Winslow, D.D., D.C.L. (Boston, U.S.A.)
C.
Ci.ARENcic H. Clark, Esq. (Pcnn. U.S.A.).
yiRcmbcrss of Commtttcc. T.
H. Baylis, Esq., M.A., Q.C.,
SoMERS Clarke, J. S.
W. M.
Escj.,
F.S.A.
DE
Moroan
I
McCldue.
Mr.s.
The Rev. W. MacGheoor, M.A. A. S. Murray, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A.
Cotton, Esq., M.A.
E. Ckum, Esq., J.
V.l).
M.A.
D. Parrisii, Esq. (U.S.A.).
{Direeteur General des Anti-
quitis de VEgijide).
Francis F. G.
Wm.
Sib John Evans, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D.
Mes. Tirard.
Arthur John Evans,
The The
W.
M.A., F.S.A.
Fowler, Esq.
F. Ll. Griffith, Esq.,
Mrs. F.
Lu
IT.
Rt. Rev.
G. Tomkins, M.A.
The Lord Bishop of Tuuro.
Prof. E. B. Tylor, D.C.L.
M.P.
Hermann Weber, Esq., M.D. Major-General Sir Charles Wilson, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., F.R.S.
Esq. Esq.,
Rev.
M.A., F.S.A.
Griffith.
Farmer Hall, John IIorniman,
T.
Es(i.,
Percival, Esq., F.S.A.
Hilton Price, Esq., F.S.A.
BENI HASAN PART
III.
INTEODUCTION. In
volume on
tombs
of
Beui
commenced the publication
in
fac-
tliird
tliis
tlic
Hasan
is
simile
of certain important
and
scenes
inscriptions,
and on
outline only, in
Beni Hasan,
in
tombs
from the
details
which are shown in
a greatly
reduced
of the
and
II.
so roughly executed that but
little
their
more
to
is
execution
level of
almost to
rises
Egyptian
the
highest
art.
For our present purpose, however, the south
scale,
The wall-pictures Middle Kingdom are usually
I,
Khnemhetep) are neatly drawn with
(that of
a considerable amount of detail, and in places
tomb
wall of the
of
Ameny
by far the
affords
For the study
best material.
of detail
it is
be learnt from large-scale drawings than from
being very large, while the workmanship
reductions to one-twentieth, such as form the
minute.
bnlk of our exceptional
publication.
first
cases,
in
But there are
which great
and
cai'e
It
is,
in
3,
in
a very
which
tlie
designs are obscured by dirt to the walls
tomb otherwise roughly executed, or in artistic workmanship over one whole monument rose far above the level of the art
said
is
of of
colours and even the
attention to minute details of depiction were
on a particular portion
fair state
The same cannot be
preservation.
Tomb
morever,
expended by the
artist
an
almost ideal example, the scale of the designs
;
the
by previous copyists
oil
applied
to bring out
of a
the faded colours has remained on the surface
which the
and caused the dust
displayed
on
those around
affords an example of the
Beni Hasan
it.
first
class
of
Ameny.
On
this
almost every
line is sharply
defined, while in other parts of the
drawn
tomb
figures carelessly smeared with
colours serve indeed a decorative purpose
ill-
a few
when
adhere
a
in
thin
further injury to the paintings.
In
ex-
tomb of
ception in the great south wall of the
to
coating, which cannot be cleaned off without
studying
Egyptian
question immediately arises fulness and
realism
depended upon. very bad
;
of
wall-painting
how
the
the
far the faith-
artists
is
to
be
Their bad work was often
but their best work also was done
principally with
a view to
decorative
effect,
example, that the
fins of
seen at a proper height and from a proper
and thus we
distance, but will not bear close examination.
the fishes are often misplaced, the colours of
Again, the whole of the paintings in
Tomb
3
a
bird
may
see, for
be taken
from one species and
BEN! HASAN. form from another,
the
everything
wiiile
And
considerably conventionalized.
is
although
who have examined them with more
the colouring often forms a valuable guide as
considers
to the matei'ial of objects represented, vet in
tlie
some cases
entered largely into their work.
different
it
is
only
varied
distinguish
to
parts of a sign or to
break up too
in
and
must
often have
and Lepsius — name only the older workers — are valuable for suggestions these matters,
artificial
but can rarely be fully relied upon in the
marvellous that he could obtain
it is
The copyist of to-day the same disadvantage, with
such results as he labours
under
did.
The designs
other disadvantages superadded. are obscured
way
in the
by injuries of every description and stains. Tt would
of effacement
seem that some
also
of the
mineral colours
have changed to a certain extent vegetable
colours
appeared entirely.
:
and
if
were used they have
it
is
in
dis-
that the colouring
One
details.
research
most profitable
of the
be pursued
to
lines
of
Egyptology must
in
be based on the making and collecting of
full-
sized facsimile drawings of the representations
weapons, utensils, ornaments, &c., depicted
of
on the finest monuments of different periods in
Egyptian history.
With regard
any
These considerations may
how
perhaps explain
The volumes ChampoUion, Prisse,
of Wilkinson, Rosellini, to
artist
comparative darkness, or with weak
light,
in
objects and implements depicted has not
worked
uniform a surface.
The Egyptian
form and material
of
variation
or less
accuracy which
but the archaeological
care,
the
to the writing,
of the
details
much
been slurred by students as
The
the scenes.
it is
natural that
picture-signs should have as those of
pictorial nature of the signs
scheme often appears so primitive and un-
has been treated by ChampoUion, Birch, and
Under the circumstances it is not surprising if modern copyists obtain different results from the same subject. Mr. Blackden
are
natural.
aimed at ascertaining the original design
somewhat diagrammatic Mr. Brown copy render
it
faithfully
in a
Mr. Carter and what they see, and
style
:
in its present condition.
Tlie subjects illustrated in the selections for
volume divide themselves into two classes. Those in the first class bear upon the history of Egyptian writing, being selected examples system.
which composed the hieroglyphic
The second
from the scenes
class
of
and the forms of a very large number
now
well understood
consists of details
;
yet careful facsimiles
good examples of even the commonest and
most obvious are valuable as conclusive evidence meaning as pictures. The tombs of
of their
Beni Hasan belong to a good period. not until the
tliis
of the pictures
others,
ality
reigned supreme
drew, whether
artist
from
XXth Dynasty
knowledge
his
imtil
:
roughly of
It
that
time the
or
carefully,
objects around
and infused something of contemporary into
his
scenes.
picture-signs
He
is
as
was
that convention-
well
as
into
him, life
his
often unintelligible to us, but
state of
the study of these ten plates has thrown light
culture in the valley of the Nile at the time
on many abstruse points, and continued ex-
these
tombs were
illustrative
made.
of
The
the
scenes
have
afforded material to a succession of students.
A number Idndlij
of special types have been
made for
the
e.veciitcl
purpose by Miss Payut.
amination should eventually provide a key to all
the puzzles.
for the printinij of tin
liierogli/plis
in
this volume,
from drawings
H I E E O G L Y P H S.
I.
PLATES
The
contain
plates
six
first
hieroglypliic signs copied
1891 and by Mr. Carter
in
1895
'.V2
In each of the three rows of inscription com-
posing this
finely painted
south wall of the tomb of Ameny.^
and
of in
of these the
;
number are from the
greater
selection
a
by Mr. Blackden
are from other parts of the
Figs. 2, 23,
same tomb
;
Figs. 6, 10, 14, 30, 35, 52, 60, C8, 87, 91, 00
tomb
are from the
and Fig. 80
is
from
Tomb
82-84 and
Figs.
signs,
Khnemhetep, Tomb
of
Mr. Percy E. Newberry It
90, in
Four
3,
of
the
were copied
by
17.
Tomb
14."
reader that in the hieroglyphic inscriptions the signs
may have
either a phonetic value express-
Very often a group
hieroglyphs defines
is
more or
by an ideograph which
followed, less the
phonetic
of
meaning
of that
in that case the ideographic sign
is
group
;
called the
determinative.
A
large
Pis.
i.-vi.
are
of the hieroglyphs
taken
shown
from the great
offerings given on PI. xvii. of Beni
list
Hamn,
more precise than determinatives are wont
of
them are regular hieroglyphs, they must
such
ordinary writing,
in
considered
be
not
viz.
Figs.
'
Tomb
17
is
publislieil in
in
Brni Ihiaan, II
Bcni Hawaii,
I.
We
interest.
tlie
21,
all
the
of
necessarily
more
38-40,
27-29,
e.xcep-
45,
are
have
" picture-
them
called
determinatives."
There signs,
is
rare,
also another class of hieroglyphic
and unnoticed
the grammars.
in
These may be termed " punning hieroglyphs "
:
they have peculiar forms and values, and were
apparently invented in a playful artist
and
scribe,
who would
and well-known formulae
of
for the
of
is ,
being
as
however,
some,
;
and while many
admitted into the plates on account of their
Ilafiaii, I., I'ls. xvii.-xviii.
tombs mentioned
placed at the
be
amusement
this
and
in
moment by write brief
them as
a riddle
Good examples
of visitors.
are found in Bcni Hasan, XL,
class
xvi.,
in the present See Belli
is
to
Pis. xiv.
'
is
are
in
I.
of the offering
But these pictures
foot as a determinative.
the
number
name
picture of the object offered
ing sound, or an ideographic value expressing
meaning.
the
list
written out at the top of the column, and a
tional,
perhaps well to remind the general
is
[.—VI.
and one
volume on
them
of
is
shown
PI. v. (Fig. 80).
hardly justifiable to include
in this
It
category
otlier
the rare signs Figs. 82-84 and
90, since n 2
the
BBNI HASAN. they occur
inscription in wliich
ordinary, and
altlioiigli
unable to read
tlietn,
we
are
otherwise
is
quite
yet
as
they were pro1)ably signs
made
The most
gives
contribution
valuable
hitherto
^
road
,
(?)
[
of
mahez, the symbol of the
Upper Egypt.
From
Tomb
end of the south wall of
2
;
the east
B.
11.,^ I.,
second line of inscription in large
PI. xvii.,
characters over principal
Actual
figui'c.
size.
M.W.B., 1891.
The sign
badge proper, namely, the figure standing before a bundle
%^ was
;
(2) the stand, ""T",
carried
more (1)
;
many
careful facsimiles from very ancient
IVth
I.
chest,
and
belly;
®
r-T-i
(3) the
of
of
an oryx
fresh-cut food
=ffffF
,
or
particularly of a nome. is
slightly
defaced
is
^,
food,
:
the top of the bundle
and
named
some kind is
coloured
white to represent flowers, the stems are green. is
tied together with
a
string or
band, coloured white and fastened in a knot suggestive of the sign
°^,
which
is
indeed
"^ v^
uat, is
probably derived from some such (2)
The
of the kind
symbols.
The animal, >^, read mahez,
conventionalized, and
of
khersh, consists probably of
of tall gfass
on which the emblem
sign of territory,
eye
the
The bundle
indistinct.
The bundle composite, consisting of (1) the
is
is
Dynasty.
PLATE ~^
the study of detailed hieroglyphs
inscriptions/ dating from the time of the
in regular use.
XVIth nome
to
contained in Flinders Petrie's Mechim, which
stand, ^-^, read
which was used
to
(1
tie.
support
all
divine
It consists of a horizontal bar placed
on an upright, wliich meets
it
at a considerable
impossible to say
distance to one side of the centre, another bar
whether the figure represents Oryx heisa or
being fixed obliquely as a strut between the
Oryx hucoryx.
upright and the longer end of the horizontal
it
It is of
is
the male
horns are very slightly curved fetlocks
and the
rest of the
body
tip is
;
sex.
The
horns, hoofs,
of the tail are black, the
white with buff under neck.
portion. at
Pendant from the top
the other side
of
it
are
plumes with rounded black
of the upright
two long white tips,
and crossed
by curved black bands at intervals.
At the
extreme end of the horizontal bar, on the same '
See especially the Frontispi
fourth chapter of
tlie
ris
til:
side as the strut, is an object shaped
In the descriptions the previous memoirs on Beni
initials
B. H. refer to
and Mr. Newberry,
tlie
two
/),
and
secured in place by a broad peg passed through
Hasan; M.W.B., H.C., P.E.N., made by Mr. Blackden, Mr.
the bar.
respectively.
exception of the plumes,
indicate that the copies were Carter,
id
work.
The whole
of the is
stand, with the
coloured red, as
TTTEROnLYPIIS.
The n
being of wood. stands, bnt
alphabetic cliaractcr for
the slope of a
c^
\vitli
the sign n, the
probability
The form suggests
q.
" the " mountain
and
i^/^
(^^ are
coloured as pebbly desert, ])ink speckled, n
green
(in
Tomb
where
i^/^
and h can be compared).
No.
o,
/>'.
//.,
T.,
PI.
word .^^~
([O'^,
xxviii.,
and as
:
qa, " high,"
from
means
The
(3)
H
_^^
divided
obtained
hand,
value q
its
c^
:
hence
in the
same way
as the
(Fig. 53), obtained the value d
H
dd, and 0-= the value
from
from
in
,
each case the radical only being retained and
feminine
the
Having now
ending ignored.
obtained the general significance of
we may perhaps be
H,
meaning
The
in
Tffff
land,
able
to
the sign
discern
beneath the '"'^ signifies cultivable
and although the oases were from early
times connected with certain nomes, there
is
Fig.
Tomb
in
'
^;
Flying duck,
1.
read U
east end of south wall of
The
2
;
B.
11.,
I.,
picture of a slope or
PI.
liill
Lanzone, Papyrus du Lac Moerig,
xvii.,
assumes pi.
i.
nari'ow piece of wood,
for
for
globular water-pot,
little
stoppered.
cart'fully
detei-minative
and their parts.
cup being intended for black and the other for red ink.
unusual form of
a very
is
the hieroglyph "^.
A palette, coloured common
(1)
This
the model.
such fashion as to
facilitate
sign
represents
evidently
plant
a
their being
sprouting out of a patch of marsh or water, slung over the
shoulder of the scribe, the
left
which palette being suspended
hanging down pen-case
— or
from
a long cord
is
and
central in front,
Two
blue.
—hang-
Pis. xiii.
of this
and xxv.
method
Kew,
be meant for some kind of scirpns
Both words written with
phonetic
values
of
signify " southern," or " clear that whatever
may have been
it
in-
tended to represent, the plant was at any rate V\. xxiv.
South Country, or
Upper Egypt. plant,
\^
•ead S
cast end of south wall
11
vl hn.
From
main chamber of
Compare 3^
in
^, Petrie, Medum, PL
x.
(not coloured).
2; B.
II., 8
I.,
artist
PI
xvii.,
lowest
ister
^
but one, group A r~. D S
The
hieroglyph
this
selected to symbolize the
Tomb
this
South Country," and
"to write," "to paint," &c.
Compare Petri n, Medum,
A
it
— sedge.
are excellent illustrations
it is
Fig. 19.
considers that
{Bnhast'n^,
may
of the
sign are "scribe,"
Mr. Brown,
be three small reddish flowers.
of carrying the writing outfit.
The meanings
a
lateral
statues of the noble
from Bubastis
i:),
four
of
stems, each being tipped with what appear to
of the Koyal Gardens, scribe 'Amenhetep,
of
consists
It
and
stem,
tall
and the ink-pot and
the pen without the case
ing at the back.
coloured
and
M.W.B., 1891.
seems to have
Fig.
attempted
21.
m
the
drawing of a typical flowering grass or rush,
wall of
but plant forms are so very strangely and
PL
conventionally rendered
m
that any yellowish flower
Egyptian drawing,
may have
furnished
xvii.,
with
From
main chamber towards
l^ll^. The
Stand "'^"^'-
figure
in
left of
food,
east
Tomb
^^
;
read
end of south 2; B.
II.,
I.,
lowest register, group
M.W.B., 1891. shows a plain wooden stand with
HIEROGLYPHS.
Upon
the
a brownish conical loaf and a
cir-
short legs aud
stand
lies
straight cross-bar.
cular white cake, while in the middle
is
a blue-
Tomb
food,
77.,
The
tuieli is
a table for
whether for human use or as a table of
PI.
F.,
second register
xvii.,
M.W.B.,
sign represents a green lizard with a
upon
slight cresting
rira.
meaning of the word
Tlie
li.
1891.
coloured jar for ale or water, standing in a red vase with a blue
2;
from top, right-hand end, group ^^^.
This cresting,
tail.
its
though represented as
on the
if
side,
should no
doubt be interpreted as on the back of the
The only meaning
offeriniTs for deities.
of
tail.
the
word
tlie
West, ^; read
asha
is
" numerous."
Thong
Fig. 22.
s=;
end,
wall in PI.
read
From
main chamber great
xvii.,
2
;
B.
south IT., I.,
olTcrings (reversed in
of
list
east end of
Tomb
of
M.W.B., 1891.
Fig. 22).
The
or cord, looped at either
//;.
the
is
alphabetic sign for
th,
and occurs only as such.
Compare s=s Fig. 23.
11.,
PL
I.,
^^.
,
,
this rests
PL
great
in
M.W.B. 1891.
the most intelligible,
Malum,
Petuie,
Fishing boat,
From north
vhu. yy.
^^
in
most
of
east end of south wall in
column of second row
The
common
From
offerings.
coloured green.
This
Symbol
main chamber of sixth
strap represented was perhaps of leather,
25,
Ament.
Fig. /sw^
\\
of earth,
and
coloured red and
is
2;
In this instance the
is
probably of wood.
is
provided with three cross-bars, but usually
i
group
M.W.B., 1891. they are absent.
The drawing and colouring on
this wall is
The very inferior.
This particular hieroglyph
sign
means "right-hand" and " West,"
re-
the cardinal points being fixed by the observer
presents a light boat, on the water, and confacing the sun at noon. taining a net.^
The meaning fish or
for
of the
word uha
water-fowl," but the sign
many
is is
" to catch
used also
other words having the same pho-
netic elements with different meanings.
Fig. a.s7/((.
24.
A
lizard,
From south
-$4^
;
read
Fig. 26.
Symbol
From same group The
sign
of the East,
represents
The curved yellow
drawing.
ilie
read I^Jah.
apparently a wooden
°
"^
it,
one at either end, and two ostrich feathers set upright between them.
The
feathers are not
wall of main chamber in the leg of
'
;
stand or table with two white discs lying on
From
essential to the sign.
misunderstanding in
f
M.W.B., 1891.
as Fig. 25.
lines
are
due
reproduction
to
of
the stand
an uiiforluiiate
Mr. Blackden's
on either side
of
markings.
is
It
it
is
the point at which
inserted there hangs
a white plume with black
possible that the "discs" re-
HASAN.
O
present perforations, since
This sign menus "
A
27,
Fig,
The
sign
From
'.
;
column from
^"•&j,
PI.
I.,
main xvii.,
left,
in
middle roAV of
The vessel or jar for wine or ale,
w
south wall of main chamber in
Tomb
2
H.C., 1895.
of olTerings.
sign represents a strip or roll of whitish
.
linen, fringed at
From
bandage,
coi-rect,"
thirteenth
A
the Ritual of
xxviii. 17).
great Fig. 38.
mouth "
of the
the
chamber
— maa
iu
the Dead.
not shown.
"just" (compare Isaiah
The " opening
of black stone.
uukhu. bevelling
a " picture-determinative," and
was an important ceremony
sign
and
bar,
is
represents the instrument as made, apparently,
Fig,
simply
appears
,
mouth "
the
1895.
1891.
p.
key for
or
^
main
inscription in large characters above the lady
Hetept, in group
Hooked instrument
39.
Fig,
j;
of south wall in
IV.
one end.
Like the
last, it is
;
a picture-determinative.
B. H.,
I.,
PI. xvii., seventeenth
right in lowest
below group
The
-^
row of II.
.
an earthenware
vessel,
mouth apparently
stop-
pered with some kind of plaster, marked with spiral
bands of black and white.
The word to
J
C3s=i,
of
which n here appears
be the determinative, occurs iu the form
--jp i=Ezi
^00
Oase PI.
in
xvii., 11.
Bruuscii,
/?.
Fig. 41
.
A unit
main chamber of
C, 1895.
figure represents
the base rounded, the
column from
gi'cat list of offerings,
u.
d.
Grossmen
inscription
in
line,
Tomb
|].
From
south wall
2; B. H.,
hieroglyphs.
large
in
I., PI. xvii.,
M.W.H.,
1891.
As here
occurring, the sign has exactly the
outline of
the wooden clamps used in stone
buildings,
and the red colour may indicate
wood
as the material.
This hieroglyph
is
and the symbol of a
the determinative of unity unit.
Doubled
it
denotes
TTIEROGLYPITS. the
trebled
dual,
Medum,
These are
units.
Tn
plural.
Pi-ypRiE,
offerings), sec
appear
rope
of
pic-cos
33,
p.
the
(tabic of
PI. xvi.
also
•'servant of the
connexion with the various textile offerings
made
The ordinary form
to the deceased.
may be
plain numeral
tlie
of
seen on the same
For
A
42.
Fig.
key
—
i
(?),
From
khener.
chamber of Tomb 2
;
read
south
"^ | refe/i,
(),
A
44.
Fig.
see
I'lg.
1
!.
Tomb
2
//.
;
tl hen.
club, }; road \
end of south wall
east
U.,
in
From
main chamber of second
PI. xvii., foot of
I.,
column of inscription
wall
main
in
of offerings, in
parently exclude
large characters over
in
group ^-—
In Fig. 42
.
hard and dark wood, such as
The
The
seems to represent a straight-
figure
ending
two
in
hooks
however,
might,
a key.
it
now brought
is
henf,
V
meanings (2)
word hen are:
of the
"majesty,"
"His Majesty,"
the phrase
in
as an expression
for the king.
slave-pole by which prisoners are
It
wooden
the
to
;
some
of
Probably the object represented by the sign
— perhaps
correspond
principal
"servant";
(1)
handled instrument coloured red for wood and
usual
its
vessels
from the Sudan.
the sign has, by error, been placed upright.
M.W.B., 1891.
of
figures
seems to represent a club
PI. xvii., seven-
11. , I.,
from
definitely
it
among
classification
rather B.
;
teenth column from right in top row of great list
sign
tlie
Amenemhat, group \\\T- M.W.B., 1891. The black colour of this sign would ap-
plate.
®
often
is
however, the ordinary
not,
signs of units, but special determinative forms in
or Double," and
ha.
written Jj.
represent
to
IV.
Pi,.
was one of the many symbols
of
authority
which the monarch wielded and to whicli the secured in slave
was
subject.
the interior of Africa.
The meanings
of the words
rrleli
and
Mom; Fig.
are
"to imprison," "
to close up," &c.
I.,
Fig.
I
w
43.
'^
case
ka,
human arms
embracing
vj hen, the whole
south
wall
B. E., corner.
I.,
of
PI.
(
the
road 0,
reading hen-hi.
main chamber xvii.,
),
sign
in
in this
read
2
upper register right-hand
V
hen means " servant."
The
list
column from
B.
;
11.
i-ight in
M.W.B.,
of offerings.
sign represents a
only one
man
arm
is
seated
on the
is
shown
in the drawing.
not an ordinary hieroglyph, but a
pictorial determinative of the h
c^> "^^ '^
the signifies
great
of
2
ground, holding behind him a circular cake:
This
symbol of the ha or Double, and the
The compound hieroglyph hon-ha
row
From
J?^-
Tomb
1891.
From
Tomb
In this composite sign the arms represent
sign
offerings,
PI. xvii., foot of sixth
top
M.W.B., 1891.
the |_J ha,
A bearer of
45.
south wall of main chamber in
mode
adat.
In other
name lists
of the
of presentation of the ddat
by the words
^'^
o''
word
of offerings is
f'^^'^^
indicated '^'«'
^"^-'•'
HKNI HASAN. " behind," " behind thee," following the name.^
but
equivalent
its
given by
is
wooden
The words A
^^ in
A
46.
Fig.
From south
shed.
Tomb
from
water-skin,
hide,
2; B. TL,
I.,
^.
group
top, to right,
read
;
fig.
5,
M.W.B., 1891.
hide stripped from an animal, the skin of legs
PL
tlic
A
47.
paddle,
wall of
word shed are
j
^
read
;
main chamber
Pis, xvii.
I.J
or
xviii.,
The blade
_»_; read in
From south
s.
Tomb
2
column from right
of folding doors as
B.
;
in top
o
group
in
II.,
I.,
row
of
M.W.B.,
.
of the oar was
wall paintings, Ijolt
was simply
M''r.
made 2
inscription
a temporary
fastening,
easily
removed
;
when
the doors were thrown open.
in
The
projections in the middle served both as
handle and stop
made apparently
The butt end was evidently grooved,
in
The
passed through a loop on each door, and thus
Tomb
and darker wood than the
shown
models of shrines, &c.
M.W.B., 1891.
large hieroglyphs, last line.
of a harder
bolt,
of offerings,
list
altogether
B. IL,
" cold water,"
1891.
a " water-skin," and " to pull," " to draw,"
Fig,
which are
qcheh,
mean
This hieroglyph represents the wooden bolt
principal meanings of the
From south
A \\
sign,
main chamber
xvii., first
great
forming straps and the skin of the neck
A
49.
Fig. wall of
hanging down.
The
qeb,
J
this
" coolness," &c.
as representing a
30,
p.
is
second register
This sign has been noted, Petrik, Meihtm, Frontispiece,
by
written
main chamber
wall of
PI. xvii.,
=*=).
Fig. G9
(?)
94
picture-determinative, trussed
Figs. 102, 103
91
(?).
96.
25, 26, G7.
'^K
plan of city
fat duck.
Figs. 6, 12
Fig. 29
boundary of
ground,
valley.
flying duck.
Figs. 1, 8
•?^
Fig. 80 and p. 2Q.
49
Fig. 23
bolt.
boat with net
(= >^).
(?).
Fig.
(=^).
Fig. 19
plant
Fig. 20
plant of South, sedge
Fig. 17
radish
Fig. 28
grape-vine on poles
Fig. 83
flower
(?)
(?).
(?).
47
paddle.
^
Fig. 21
stand with food,
l^
Fig. 66
chest.
(doubled).
(=
W~
).
'
Not
a liieroglyph, but of the
same origin
as _^.
INDEX TO IITPmOGLYPIIIC SIGNS. Fig. 8G
throne.
^^
Fig. 87
screen.
^ o
34
Fig.
bowl
or
Ijasket
Figs. 92, 93, 02.
Figs. G4, G8
Fig.
89
25 * dMIl)
man working
Fig. 80
compare
;
41
l)ow-drill.
fire-stick
drill-cap (?)
(=_|_ |).
;
compare
Fig.
(?).
polisher
compare
corn-rubber;'
or
Fig. 54. Fig. 38
picture-determinative, I)oer-jar.
\^ pot
;
compare
Figs. 95, 18
T Figs.
97,
98
jiitinre
-
^
Fig.
35a
com[)are Kig. 21. hieroglyph
(= Q),
Fig.
42
key or slave-fork
/=3
Fio-.
\n
cubit-rod.
(?).
Figs. 100,
Fig. 48
ewer on stand (=
Fig. 27
picture-determinative,
[y
)•
circular cake
;
compare
Figs. 21, 26
(?),
45.
^ I
loaf of bread
;
compare Fig.
Fig. 01
papyrus
Fig. 52
coil of
Fig. 51
hank or
Fig.
loop of cord
roll sealed
stick of cord
7'S
;
Fig. 32
arrow (=
Fig. 77
angulated club (=]).
*—««).
Fig. 23.
s==5
Fig. 22
looped cord.
^
Fig. 58
(?)
black club
;
^
Fig. 27
leather
Fig. 40
linen bandage.
Fig. 75
linen bandage.
^,
s).
bag (=
'S).
(=
compare Fig. 43. II
'1
Figs. 03, 05
wooden handle
knife in
(lorapping)
"(H)Fig. 70
knife
Fig. 73
adze chopping.
;
cf. p.
Compare
Fig. 81.
38.
'
Not
(=|)-
compare Fig.
Compare
{net) 1)0110
(= ^=^.
rope (= ^)
liai'poon-head (==^).
Fig. 71
44
scribe's outfit.
21.
9
Fig.
Fig. 18
leather
bagH'S).
•^
instru-
mouth."
101 imtxwe-detcrminative, unguent vase.
8
inctare-determinative, for " opening the
unguent
'pictin-e-dflenitiiialive, ;
39
ment
—
§
vase
Fig.
dcterminaticc,
liniment vase. Fig. 99
arm with spatuhi (= W^).
Fig. 50
and 28.
a hieroglyi)!).
74.
HASAN. * inani
y r.^
^
Fig. 90
band or armlet
Fig. 83
flower or ornament (?)
Fig.
84
Fig. 36
(?).
^
f
collar with fork.
necklace and pendant (=
f
Fig. 25
emblem
of West.
Fig. 2G
emblem
of East
Fig. 67
sceptre of Thebes.
t^). Fig.
104
I\
^M *^
^
Fig. 75
Pi. T.
Fig. 81
(=
figure of divine lioness.
W
^
oryx on stand as nome-sign.
^
^=^
sacred emblem.
PRINTED BY GILBERT AND RIVINOTON, LIMITED,
ST.
Fig. 41
(?)
unit
84
(?)
Fig. 58
(?)
Fig.
line,
on gold
collar.
(
JOHN'S HOUSE, CLERKENWELL BOAD,
E.C.
iji
).
5ENI
Hasan
Tomb
III.
No, 2
and Tomb
No. 3.
^^^
4
/
'IV
PL.
II.
Beni Hasan
III.
Tomb
No. 2
and Tomb
No. 3.
PL.
II
"u*V
f
HIEROGLYPHS.
M.W.B. and H.C.
Beni Hasan
Tomb
III.
38
No. 2
and Tomb
No. 3.
PL. IV.
30
53
SO
•
n
IN^^Cg^i HIEROGLYPHS.
M.W.B.andHX.
Beni Hasan
III.
Tombs
No.
2, 3,
and
17.
«-=-^
HIEROGLYPHS.
.V.H'.U
and ILL.
3ENI
Hasan
III.
Tombs No
2, 3,
and
HIEROGLYPHS.
14.
PL. VI.
P.E.N.,
M.W.B ,and
H.C.
Beni Hasan
III.
Tomb
\^o.
M
C CHIPPING FLINT KNIVES.
Percy Brown.
B£Ni Hasan
111.
TUMB
No.
'2
CHIPPING FLINT KNIVES.
Huward Carter
Tomb
B£Ni Hasan
No. 2.
^
^^.
.^^
