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HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) Event Name: Event Time Period: ADULT HIV – 900 Clinical Description (AIDS.gov 12/31/2015)

Massachusetts Event Classification (2016)

PEDIATRIC HIV- 900P Clinical Description Massachusetts Event Classification (2016)

NON-IMMEDIATE NOTIFICATION

STD PROGRAM

HIV Lifelong

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a retrovirus with two serologically and geographically distinct species: HIV1 and HIV-2. It is spread via person-to-person transmission through: sexual contact, the use of HIV-contaminated needles and syringes, vertical transmission from mother to infant, or the transfusion of infected blood or its components. If left untreated, HIV can progress to the disease AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Unlike some other viruses, the human body cannot get rid of HIV completely. HIV attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells). If left untreated, HIV reduces the number of CD4 cells in the body, making the person more likely to get infections or infection-related cancers. These opportunistic infections or cancers take advantage of the weakened immune system and signal that the person has AIDS (the advanced stage of HIV infection). The incubation period is variable, although the time from infection to the development of detectable antibodies is generally less than one month. The time from HIV infection to diagnosis of AIDS, in the absence of antiretroviral treatment, has an observed range less than 1 year to 15 years or longer, with an average of about ten years from infection to an AIDS diagnosis. Confirmed  Positive HIV 1, Positive HIV 2, or Positive (Undifferentiated) HIV result from a differentiating immunoassay, Western Blot, IFA, or culture OR  Positive/Detected Qualitative HIV NAT (DNA or RNA) OR  Quantitative HIV NAT (detectable viral load assay) Probable Complete CRF received with MD confirmed diagnosis, no confirmatory lab Suspect Positive Ag/Ab screen, Positive EIA, Positive p24ag, undetectable viral load, or CD4 Revoked Inappropriately created case, not an MA case, cancer, CD4 only