THE HERALDRY GAZETTE ISSN 0437 2980

THE OFFICIAL NEWSLETTER OF THE HERALDRY SOCIETY

NEW SERIES 97 REGISTERED AT STATIONERS HALL September 2005

HRH THE DUCHESS OF CORNWALL

reproduced with permission

The Duchess of Cornwall has been granted armorial bearings which reflect her position as consort to The Prince of Wales. The arms follow ample precedent in marshalling elements from the achievement of The Prince of Wales to the dexter and those relating to his wife’s family to the sinister. The shield is ensigned by the single arched coronet and supported by the dexter supporter of the Heir Apparent. The arms to the sinister are derived from the arms recorded for Major Bruce Shand, the Duchess’s father, except that a minor difference appears to have been made in the shield’s principal charge, the boar’s head depicted as erased rather than couped. Major Shand’s crest is ‘a boar statant Azure armed and langued Gules his dexter forefoot resting on a mullet Gules’ and the blue boar gorged with a royal coronet and chained appears as the sinister supporter. See the note ‘Shand Family’ on page 8. To contact the Membership Secretary, Ingrid Phillips, write to PO Box 772, Guildford, GU3 3ZX

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CRANWELL HERALDRY PART ONE: THE ROYAL AIR FORCE BADGE

Ceremonial Gates

With the recent painting of the wrought-iron gates, and the re-gilding of the badges which adorn them, the Ceremonial Entrance to the Royal Air Force College has been restored to a state in which it would have been seen when College Hall was officially opened in 1934. By then the College had its own coat of arms but it was the badge of the Royal Air Force which was chosen for the gates, and the Cranwell version is made all the more impressive by the ‘oversized’ eagle that flies out from the circlet and crown, which together complete the design. The Royal Air Force badge came into use in August 1918, when the circlet took the form of a garter and buckle. But in heraldry, this proved to be incorrect and it was replaced by a plain circlet when the badge was registered at the College of Arms on 26 January 1923. During the reigns of George V, Edward VIII and George VI the Tudor Crown had surmounted the circlet. But it seems that the crown, the circlet and the eagle were subject to a wide range of variations with regard to style, composition and proportion, and it was not until 1949 that the design was standardised. From that date, the ‘oversized’ eagles, which dominate the badges on the gates of the College, gave way to a smaller version that dissects the circlet; in the form seen on the porticos, erected on Cranwell Avenue in 1997. 2

Cranwell Avenue Portico

The description of the Royal Air Force badge was promulgated in Air Ministry Orders A.666/49, which were published on 15 September 1949, and it reads: “In front of a circle inscribed with the motto, ‘Per Ardua Ad Astra’, and ensigned with the Imperial Crown, an eagle volant and affronté, the head lowered and to the sinister”. By choosing the motto of the Royal Flying Corps and the emblem of the Royal Naval Air Service, it seems that the Air Council’s original intention was to demonstrate a clear lineage for the Royal Air Force; and yet these elements of the new badge have long given rise to conjecture and debate. The most persistent debate is to do with the emblem, which is supposed by some to be an albatross, because of its association with the Royal Naval Air Service. But it is precisely because of its association with the Royal Naval Air Service that the emblem is an eagle. In his book ‘Airmen or Noahs’, published by Pitman in 1928, Rear-Admiral Murray Sueter attributed the choice of the Royal Naval Air Service emblem to an item of jewellery owned by his wife. In a footnote he states, “Mr Winston Churchill wanted an eagle for a badge to be worn on the sleeve of the coat to distinguish the naval airmen. An artist was sent for and he produced a design like a goose. But Mrs Sueter had a gold eagle

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brooch of French Imperial design that she had purchased in Paris. I took this eagle brooch to the Admiralty to show Mr Churchill and Admiral Prince Louis of Battenberg. They much preferred it to the goose design of the artist and adopted it for the badge of the Royal Naval Air Service.” The Royal Naval Air Service came into being on 1 July 1914, and the initial dress regulations were promulgated in Admiralty Weekly Order No 2, where there is a first official reference to the emblem of the navy’s new air arm: “The badge of an eagle will be worn by members of the Royal Naval Air Service at the top left sleeve”. Later, when it was felt that aircrew should be further differentiated, Admiralty Weekly Order 756/16, of 21 April 1916, stated that in addition to the eagle on the left sleeve a further eagle should be worn on the left shoulder strap. Then, on 8 June 1917, in Admiralty Weekly Order 2106/17, aircrew were required to wear the eagle on both sleeves and both shoulder straps. With so many references to the eagle, there can be no doubt as to its use by the Royal Naval Air Service, or to its subsequent use by the newly-formed Royal Air Force, which adopted the rank badges of the Royal Naval Air Service and the rank titles of the Royal Flying Corps. As such, a lieutenant colonel wore “three rows of distinguishing lace surmounted by bird (sic) and crown”, the latter being similar to the badge on an officer’s field service cap of today. It was not until 27 August 1919 that an Air Council Order replaced army titles of rank with Royal Air Force titles of rank, and consigned the ‘bird and crown’ device from the sleeve to the shoulder strap. Having used Admiralty Orders to establish that the Royal Naval Air Service emblem was an eagle, and Air Ministry Orders to confirm that the eagle had been adopted by the Royal Air Force, it would seem that these same orders could be used to reveal the genesis of the albatross debate. From 1 April 1918, the Royal Air Force undertook all Service flying training, and detached some of its air and ground crews for service with the Royal Navy. In April 1924 these detachments were designated the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Air Force. Soon afterwards, naval officers began

to train as pilots with the Royal Air Force, and they then joined its fleet air arm: but the Admiralty decided to award its own flying badge. So, when Admiralty Fleet Order No 2793 was issued, on 2 October 1925, it described the new badge for navy pilots as: “A silver anchor and cable of silver embroidery surrounded by a laurel wreath of silver embroidery superimposed on the wings of an albatross”. So, with the albatross attributed to the Royal Navy of 1925, and the eagle established as the emblem of the Royal Air Force from 1918, attention now turns to the motto which is inscribed on the circlet. Having been approved by George V, ‘Per Ardua Ad Astra’ was promulgated as the motto for the Royal Flying Corps in Army Order No 3, on 15 March 1913. The motto had been suggested by Lieutenant J S Yule, of the Royal Engineers, who discovered the words in Sir Henry Rider Haggard’s novel ‘The People of the Mist’. In the first chapter there is a description of “two stone pillars on whose summit stood griffins of black marble embracing coats of arms and banners inscribed with the device Per Ardua Ad Astra”. According to Group Captain A H Stradling in his ‘Customs of the Services’, published by Gale and Polden in 1966, Rider Haggard’s source was the Irish family of Mulvany, whose motto it had been for centuries. But its meaning was in dispute. According to Squadron Leader P G Herring, in his ‘Customs and Traditions of the Royal Air Force’, published by Gale and Polden in 1961, the Mulvany family understood the meaning of the motto to be “Through Difficulties to the Skies”, whilst Rider Haggard believed it to be “Through Struggle to the Stars”. Seeking literal meaning of the motto, the Air Ministry approached the College of Arms, who declared that no authoritative translation was possible. So in the words of a contemporary postscript by the Air Council Member for Personnel, “Let everyone translate it as they think fit”. Group Captain P J Rodgers MBE FRAeS RAF (Retd)

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THE HIGH SHERIFFS OF OXFORDSHIRE - PART ONE

Martin Davies's recent appeal for information about court room heraldry made me dig in my files. He is quite right that photography is a problem in any court building as it is feared that photos may fall into the hands of violent criminals who then use them to plan their gang members' break out while on trial. Indeed, even access by the general public is sometimes difficult for similar reasons. Without good cause to be there it may be impossible to gain entry to certain court buildings. Whereas they were seen as prime targets for IRA terrorism for 30 years, that fear has now been supplanted by one of more global origins. As well as the depictions of current royal arms, certain courts display the arms of High Sheriffs or Lords Lieutenant of their county in an ante room. When I was approached by John Brooke-Little some years ago to produce a shield for the upcoming High Sheriff of Oxfordshire I was given the signal honour of being allowed to take a camera into the Oxford Crown Court, albeit carefully chaperoned, to

John Thomson 1957 Ermine an eagle displayed Sable charged on the breast and each wing with an escallop Or on a chief Gold a rose Gules barbed and seeded proper between two bulls' heads cabossed also Gules.

The first shield in the series. This was painted many years later as Spurrier was only a

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record the existing shields. There are now some 33 adorning the walls of this large room where witnesses and appellants sit waiting for their turn in front of a judge. Most before 1998 were done by that most accomplished heraldic artist and one time herald Peter Spurrier, who is no longer with us. The arms on the wall are not a complete record of the High Sheriffs. The shields have to be paid for by the office holder, no public funds ever being made available. In recent years all have elected to join in and it can be assumed that the gaps relate to those who did not. Nonarmigers can use the badge of office on a blue hexagon with their name and year below. This can be blazoned as, ''Two swords in saltire blades uppermost Argent pommels and hilts Or that in bend broken.'' In this and the following part is a complete list of shields displayed up to the present incumbent of 2005. The post is held for one year starting in April. The names and dates are as written below each shield.

schoolboy in 1957. It is a good example of his skill as an artist with well drawn charges, nicely balanced and filling their space. Strangely, he varnished the eagle and overlapped the varnish onto the white of the ermine field, a technique known as “pencil varnishing”. This is usually only done on glass to protect the artwork. Here the varnish has yellowed, inevitable over the years, and now shows up on the white.

David Wills 1961 Gules three estoiles of twelve points fesswise between two griffins passant Or beaked Azure that in chief charged with a crescent Gold on a mullet Gules for difference. (The stars are composed of alternating wavy and straight lines.)

J. Heyworth 1962 Quarterly 1st & 4th: Argent six lions three two and one Sable; 2nd & 3rd: Argent two barrulets wavy between three bats Sable.

Alan Budgett 1965 Azure on a cross invected between four water bougets Or an escallop between as many horseshoes of the field. Charles Radclyffe 1967 Argent two bendlets engrailed Sable a label Gules.

Miles Gosling 1970 Gules on a chevron between three crescents Or a squirrel affronty cracking a nut between two like squirrels also cracking nuts respectant proper in chief a cinquefoil Gold. (The cinquefoil is an

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oddity as it is in the position of a cadency mark, has been finely outlined to contrast against the boldly outlined crescents and yet has been drawn large enough to be a charge. The impression is that it should have been the double quatrefoil of a 9th son. As a charge it ruins the symmetry of the shield. Spurrier repeated this for Brunner of 1988, yet there is a correct cadency mark in this position for Parker of 1989 also drawn quite large. Both can be viewed in part 2.)

The 3 dainty squirrels of Gosling. Note the cinquefoil in chief.

Peter Parker 1973 Gules a chevron between three lions' heads affronty Or.

W. Birch Reynardson 1974 Quarterly 1st & 4th: Or two chevronels engrailed and in chief a rose Gules barbed and seeded proper on a canton also Gules a mascle Argent; 2nd & 3rd Azure three fleursde-lis and a canton Argent.

John Collins 1975 Or on a pale Vert between two apples slipped and leaved proper three bezants on a chief also Vert as many

anchors sans cables Gold.

J. C. L. Fane 1977 Azure three dexter close gauntlets Or. (This is the coat of the Earls of Westmorland who poetically blazon their charges as three dexter gauntlets backs affronty.)

to be exercised in heraldry, with numerous alternatives suggesting themselves. Here Spurrier has placed the crosses and heads evenly on the field which ends up with two crosses being obscured beneath the heads. This stretches the term 'between' to the limit.)

The Hon. Charles Cecil 1979 Barry of ten Argent and Azure six escutcheons three two and one Sable each charged with a lion rampant Argent in centre chief a crescent Argent on a like crescent Sable for difference. (These are the unquartered arms of the Marquesses of Salisbury.)

The challenging arms of Hall as explained in the text

William Bell 1978 Azure a chevron Ermine between in chief two bells and in base a fleam Or.

Robert Fleming 1980 Per chevron Sable and Argent in chief two goats' heads erased Argent armed and holding in the mouth a lily slipped Or in base a cross flory Gules.

Thomas Hall 1981 Argent three talbots' heads erased Sable between five crosses crosslet Azure on a chief Sable an eastern crown Or. (How three charges can satisfactorily be portrayed between a different number of charges is a challenge to artists. Burke records similar shields for Halls with nine crosslets and five, as here, with no indication of their layout. It is a rare example of artistic licence being allowed

Sir Mark Norman Bt 1983 Sable a thunderbolt and in chief two crosses formy pierced with the eight symbols of Fhohe or the Pa-qua and charged with a roundel containing the eastern symbol known as Tae Keigh all Or in centre chief a baronet's badge. (I am grateful to Debrett for this impossible blazon. The first armiger's obvious eastern interests may have been connected to the IChing: the crosses are charged with trigrams and pierced with the yin-yang symbol.) Baz Manning SHA

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. . . to be continued 5

Oct

ALMANAC OF EVENTS OCTOBER TO DECEMBER 2005 1 1 3 5 7 15 15 19 26

Nov

26

2 5 5 7 12 14 19 19 19 23

Dec

30 30

3 5 10 13 14

Middlesex Manchester Lancashire Norfolk Heraldry Society Chilterns Bath

Heraldry of Bermuda Ducal Heraldry Heraldry in East Anglia Military Connections Visit to the College of Arms New Thoughts on Old Hatchments Nelson Heraldry

Heraldry Society ‘The Heraldry of Trafalgar’ Yorkshire Duxbury Lecture The Enamel Painters of York (1589-1792) Somerset Visit to St Cuthbert’s Church, Wells Norfolk Middlesex Manchester Lancashire Somerset Heraldry Society

The English Knights of St John Cromwell’s Armorial Background Welsh Heraldry Royal Regalia Visit to North Cadbury Church and Court The Society Dinner Principal Guest: The Earl Marshal Norfolk St Edmund’s Lunch Chilterns Afternoon with the Pierson Slide Collection Bath Conserving the Records of the College of Arms Heraldry Society The Constance Egan Lecture ‘A Japanese Armorial’ Manchester Manchester Town Hall Yorkshire Heraldry on the Right Lines Manchester Lancashire Bath Heraldry Society Yorkshire

East Anglia Heraldry Seasonal Fun Evening Arcadian Heraldry Annual General Meeting Mythical Beasts

Marjorie Kirby Alan Fennely Gwyneth Hagen Iain Swinnerton William Hunt Andrew Gray Michael Furlong & Roland Symons David White Hugh Murray

Tony Sims Keith Lovell Dorothy Lee-Fitchett Nigel Griffin John Titterton Christopher Harvey Cecil HumpherySmith Peter Marshall

Gwynneth Hagen Michael Messer Jim Winstanley

Please check details of meetings with the appropriate contact person shown on page 16 of the June issue. Please note that other heraldic events take place. This is not an exhaustive list. If you would like your events to appear please send details to: [email protected], including in the subject line - almanac entry.

AUTUMN DINNER 2005

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A reminder that bookings for the Autumn Dinner must be received by 31 October. As announced previously in the Gazette, our Patron the Duke of Norfolk is to be the Guest of Honour, and the splendid setting will be Painters' Hall. A booking form is enclosed with this issue for members with UK addresses.

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THE 2005-2006 LECTURES AND VISITS PROGRAMME

The over-arching theme for the 2005-2006 lecture season is Recording Heraldry. This takes the Basic Heraldry module of the 20042005 season a stage further and will give members an insight into British and foreign recording of heraldry. The sponsored lectures in the forthcoming season start with the Mark Elvins Lecture, traditionally on a religious theme: this will be on the impact of the Reformation on German heraldry. For the Constance Egan Lecture Cecil Humphery-Smith will talk on a Japanese Armorial. The John Brooke-Little lecture will be by Patrick Cracroft-Brennan on the stall plates of the Knights of the Garter. The final sponsored lecture, that of the Worshipful Company of Scriveners, will be given by the retiring Chairman of Council, Dr Malcolm Golin. This year being the 200th Anniversary of our greatest naval victory, Somerset Herald has kindly agreed to lecture in Trafalgar month on the heraldry of the victors of Trafalgar.

Lectures are included in the annual subscription, but an informal retiring collection is made to help to defray the hire costs of the premises. Windsor Herald is kindly hosting an evening visit to the College of Arms and the Institute of Heraldic and Genealogical Studies is hosting a visit to Canterbury. The visit to St John's Gate was heavily over-subscribed last season so will be repeated early in 2006. These visits are self-financing and tickets are available in advance from the Programme Secretary. The Programme Secretary would very much appreciate help in advertising the lectures to a wider public and is looking for an Assistant Programme Secretary to take over this aspect. If you feel you could spare time and would like to help the Society in this way, please contact the Programme Secretary, Colonel Michael Phillips, either on 01483 237375 or through the Membership Secretary on 01483 237373 or email [email protected].

NORFOLK HISTORY QUIZ

Can you answer the following questions:* (see answers at the end of the article) 1. Who is the patron Saint of Russia ? 2. Who succeeded Genghis as the Great Khan ? 3. Who was the British Prime Minister during most of the American War of Independence ? No? I am not surprised, but it was the ability to answer these and approximately 90 similar questions, some even more difficult, that enabled the Norfolk Heraldry Society once again to win the Norfolk History Quiz. The Quiz takes place every year and teams of not more than three members can take part. The Norfolk Heraldry Society has won the Quiz 10 times in the last 15 years. A formidable achievement. This year the team consisted of Chairman Andy Anderson and John Dent, Hon.FHS, Founder Member and Vice-President of the Society. Although they had one member less than the permitted number of three per team, they were still able to fend off the considerable opposition provided by local teams from, among others, the Richard III Society and the Battlefields Trust. *1. St Andrew. 2. Ogadai, his third son 3. Lord North.

PLEASE NOTE: The next deadline for contributions to the Gazette is 1st November. Visit the website at www.theheraldrysociety.com

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CUHAGS PRESIDENT

On 11th June the Cambridge University Heraldic and Genealogical Society installed its 2005 President, Antti Matikkala. Previously President of the Finnish Heraldry Society, Antti is well know in Heraldry Society circles since coming to Cambridge to pursue his postgraduate studies. The installation took place at the customary Accession Banquet in Clare College. An impressive guest list included Lord Slynn of Hadley, H.E. the Ambassador of Finland, and a number of Heraldry Society luminaries. It was also encouraging to meet Michael Burtscher and Marshal Walker, who are endeavouring to resurrect the Oxford University society. We stand ready to give them any help they need in that enterprise. Our warm congratulations go to Antti, and we wish him every success in his year of office.

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SHAND FAMILY

The Shands of Craig, Aberdeenshire became opulent in the 16th and 17th centuries. There is a tradition that the Shands came to Aberdeenshire in the 14th century and it is possible that the boar's head indicates some feudal or similar connection with the Gordons whose ancient arms featured a single boar's head (current arms feature three). The three mullets gules featured on the chief of the Shand of Craig arms probably came from marriage alliances with families which featured them. The difference adopted by the Lord Lyon in Major Shand's arms is the replacement of the centre mullet by a cross crosslet fitchy. MJ

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PRINCE OF WALES’ ARMS AT POUNDBURY, DORSET

most unexpected question so far has come from a small boy at my talk to a local primary school: “Why wasn’t King James I and VI called King James VII?” Patrick Grove-White

To enhance the Brownsword Hall at Poundbury, the Duchy of Cornwall Development on the edge of Dorchester in Dorset, HRH Prince Charles asked me to paint a 3 feet square panel depicting his arms as Prince of Wales. This, together with excellent scenic and Duchy Arms wallhangings executed by Monica Perry, has just been hung in the hall for permanent exhibition. The most immediate spin-off from the commission has been copious requests for both technical and historical information on every detail of the Arms, resulting in talks and necessitating the creation of a leaflet. The

PERCY VANT

Herald with a Difference

by Peter Field

The deadline for contributions to the next Gazette is 1st November

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Crest of Bolton

CORRESPONDENCE

Alan Buckingham (June 2005 number of the Gazette) wrote about the connection between the elephant and castle devices of Bolton and Coventry. The first known depiction of this as Bolton's crest appears on Baines's map of the town dated 1824. There are two versions of its adoption by the trustees of Great Bolton ; first that the 'elite of Bolton adopted this splendid heraldic device in 1799 at the suggestion of Pitt Hewitt', one of the original trustees and the other, that it was the suggeston of Ralph Boardman solicitor and clerk of the trustees, who had an old seal bearing the device. Bolton was incorporated in 1838 and the borough continued to use this crest until 1890 when it was decided to apply for a grant of arms. The subscription list was opened in March and the letters patent were dated 5th June - such matters being effected more speedily than these days. Major Ottley Lane Perry, a former councillor was instrumental in the design and decided to commemorate Bolton's distant ecclesiastical link with Coventry by incorporating a mitre on the saddle cloth of the elephant. Incidentally is there any explanation of Coventry's elephant? Following the reorganisation of local government in 1974 the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton had a new grant of arms and the tenuous Coventry connection of the

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mitre was replaced by the more appropriate Lancaster rose - see illustration in March 2005 number of the Gazette. Malcolm Howe Chelsea (formerly of Bolton)

I refer to Alan Buckingham's letter in the June 2005 edition of the Gazette and think he is right to be suspicious of Wilfrid Scott-Giles' explanation for the elephant and castle in Bolton's arms. That is also Bolton Council's official explanation and was adopted by H Ellis Tomlinson in 1974, but I believe it was the rationalisation of an heraldic enthusiast excouncillor Major Otley Perry, who suggested the design for the County Borough Council in 1890 - for an existing use. Certainly there was already a connection between Bolton and the elephant and castle as early as 1831, when two coaches on Bolton's first railway were named 'Elephant' and 'Castle'. A newspaper advertisement for a drapery business in 1838 included a shield with two bends surmounted by an elephant and castle on a torse, but when the newlycreated Municipal Borough Council obtained its first seal in 1839, the elephant and castle, on a mound, were on the shield. From then until

1890 the Municipal Borough Council and then the County Borough Council used the elephant and castle in many different forms - on a shield, on a torse or as a free-floating object. In the discussions with the College of Arms in 1890 on the Council's application for a grant, the Council resolved that new arms should resemble as much as possible the device previously used and so the elephant and castle became the crest. On the creation of the Metropolitan Borough in 1974, the one feature of the old arms which council members insisted should be retained was the elephant and castle, so strong was its association with Bolton. My theory for that connection is that there was a representation of the elephant and castle in the mediaeval parish church since it was an important Christian symbol in view of the beneficent characteristics ascribed to it in the bestiaries, and that, therefore, it appears on the borough arms because of the strange sexual habits of mediaeval elephants. Incidentally, the elephant and castle borne on Fred Dibnah's coffin was borrowed from Bolton museum and is one of a pair of 19th century cast-iron elephants which

Please send your letters or articles to the Editor of the Gazette at the following address: The Head’s House, Fred Nicholson School, Westfield Road, Dereham, Norfolk NR19 1JB or by e-mail to [email protected]

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stood on the gate pillars of a bleachworks. It lay on the route to the Bolton Royal Infirmary and nervous children were distracted by being told that at midnight each New Year's Eve the elephants exchanged gateposts so that they had a slightly different view for the succeeding year. That's about as well evidenced as Perry's and my explanations. Mike Cresswell

Seal Enquiry

pictures see Hugh Stanford London, The Life of William Bruges, the first Garter King of Arms (Harleian Society, cxi and cxii [in one vol], for 1959 and 1960 (London, 1970)). The seals of both men are not the earliest known for an English officer of arms. That honour belongs to Peter, King of the Heralds, whose jurisdiction, like modern-day Norroy, extended northwards beyond the Trent. His seal, attached to a charter now in the British Library and dated 1276, bears three crowns, possibly a sign of his kingly office. Mr Keirl will find further details in Sir Anthony Wagner's Heralds of England (London, 1967), p.6. Adrian Ailes

would like to get in touch with his descendants. If one of them reads this, perhaps they would contact the Hon.Secretary.

CANTERBURY HERALDRY WEEKEND

Plans are well advanced for a Heraldry Weekend at Canterbury Christ Church University College in September next year. The subject will be "Heraldry and the Medieval Craftsman". It will be possible to book residential or non-residential places provided your booking is made early! Enclosed with this issue is a booking form for the event. Note that there is a discount of £10 per person for bookings received before 31st December 2005.

In reply to Frank Keirl's query the oldest surviving grant by an English officer of arms is that of William Bruges, Garter, to the Drapers' Company on 10 March 1439. The original still belongs to the Company. Not only is it Arms of a Lady signed and sealed by Bruges but very unusually for a patent In answer to Bob Jones’s also includes a notarial letter of the Gazette of June certificate of its execution. 2005 re the arms granted to IN MEMORIAM The seal is circular and 26mm my wife Shirley Greenwood. in diameter. It displays In Canada a lady’s personal The death of David Bruges' arms (checky of nine arms have always been borne Sanctuary Howard was pieces [argent and sable] on a shield ever since 4th reported in the June edition of powdered with ermine spots June 1988 when H. M. the the "Gazette". There will be a countercoloured) and a crest Queen transferred the Service of Thanksgiving for of a woman's head in a hood exercise of her heraldic his life at 2.30 p.m. on or cowl. The legend reads prerogative to the GovernorMonday 7th November at the SIGILLU[M] WILLIMI General of Canada, thus fully Guards Chapel, Wellington BRUGGES. There is nothing patriating heraldry. Barracks, Birdcage Walk, on the seal to denote Bruges' Pure socialism I suppose !? London SW1. office as Garter. The seal is Alexander Greenwood B.C. the same as that of his father, Canada Ann Bowen Richard, except that the Calligraphy and legend on Richard's seal ‘ABEL’ GRANT reads LANGCASTR ROY DE Heraldic ARMYS. William's oval We have been approached Illuminations counter-seal or signet bears a by a lady who has the original 1 DOODS PLACE, DOODS ROAD crown which might well reflect grant of arms (1883) to Sir REIGATE SURREY RH2 0NS his office as a king of arms. Frederick Augustus Abel. She TELEPHONE/FAX 01737 246171 For further details and All opinions expressed in the Heraldry Gazette are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Editor or of the Heraldry Society. E-mail the editor at [email protected]

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THE BOURBON-ANJOU ARMS IN SPANISH HERALDRY

At a ceremony in Paris last December 8th, Henri d'Orléans, Count of Paris and claimant of the French throne, stated that he was creating one of his nephews Duc d'Anjou; and with great fanfare presented him with a card bearing the coat of arms historically associated with that title, a differenced version of France Modern: azure, three fleurs de lis or, a bordure gules, shown in figure 1.

figure 1

The heraldic element of the event, at least, may have annoyed more than one Spanish peer. One of the most recognisable images in all of heraldry, the fleur-de-lys arms flourish in the peerage of the last kingdom ruled by the dynasty. Undifferenced, they appear on the arms of the Dukes of Medinaceli quartering the arms of Castille and León to denote descent from King Louis IX, yet this appears to be anachronistic, for the France Modern arms blazoned above (versus the azure semy-de-lys or of Saint Louis' era) were first adopted by King Charles V in the late 1300s. The remainder of the arms of Spanish peers bearing France Modern all denote ultimate descent from a single individual: Philippe, Duke of Anjou (1683-1746) who in 1700 became Spain's first Bourbon King as Felipe V. The bordure gules that he used as Duke of Anjou to difference his arms from those of his grandfather King Louis XIV has been consistently retained by his descendants to signal their ancestry. This is somewhat ironic

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for differencing has never been uniformly used in Spanish heraldry; an oft-mentioned royal decree of 1669 introducing it can be found in every Spanish heraldry primer and has been resolutely ignored. The result of this is naturally that in Spain a great many people bear identical arms, and so any given coat may identify an ancestor but not a specific bearer's line of descent. Hence the proliferation of the Bourbon-Anjou arms in Spanish heraldry outside the royal family. In addition, there is no rule concerning heraldic heiresses in Spanish heraldry and indeed many noble and gentry families quarter their arms with those of ancestral lineages more or less at will, regardless of whether or not those families have become extinct in the male line. The widowed Queen Regent María Cristina, also a descendant of Spain's King Carlos III, married her second husband, palace guard Fernando Muñoz on 28 December 1833, just 2 months and 29 days after the death of her uncle and first husband, King Fernando VII. The births of children to the morganatic couple were more or less secret and they held no rank at court until their half-sister, Queen Isabel II, was declared of legal age in 1843. Over the next 5 years she showered her stepfather and half-siblings with an array of titles. Muñoz was created Duke of Riansares in 1844, and later Marquess of San Agustín; the couple's children eventually received the titles of Countess of Vista Alegre, Marchioness of Castillejo, Duke of Tarancón, Viscount of La Alborada, Count of Casa Muñoz, Viscount of Rostrollano, Marchioness of La Isabela, Viscountess of La Dehesilla, Conde del Recuerdo, Viscount of Villarubio, Count of Gracia and and Viscount of La Arboleda. Several of the children died young and their titles were redistributed among their siblings. Tracing the titles' lines of descent here would be complicated, but today the Chronicler of Arms' annual guide to the Spanish peerage shows that those who bear the titles use one of two coats of arms. Both varieties display the Bourbon-Anjou arms inherited from Queen María Cristina, but the present Viscount of La Alborada and Marquess of Castillejo impale them with some ancient

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figure 2

figure 3

figure 4

Muñoz arms as shown in figure 2 , while the Duke of Riansares, Marquess of San Agustín and Viscount of Rostrollano impale them with the arms used by Fernando Muñoz as Duke of Riansares, as shown in figure 3. In addition, the undifferenced Bourbon-Anjou arms have been used as the arms of the Dukes of Seville, Ansola, Dúrcal, Marchena, Hernani, and Santa Elena; all of these titles were granted to males of the Spanish line of the Bourbons between 1823 and 1917. The Hernani title has reverted to the crown but the remaining Dukes, though the titles are mostly in other families through female succession, use identical undifferenced Bourbon-Anjou arms with ducal coronets and mantles.

Another title, that of Duke of Cádiz, was first granted to a male Bourbon dynast in 1822. In a 2002 article Spain's Chronicler of Arms, Vicente de Cadenas y Vicent, argued that as the sole heir to this title Luís Alfonso de Borbón, who is also now the senior representative of the Bourbon dynasty by male primogeniture, should use the familiar BorbónAnjou arms with an escutcheon of Bourbon proper. Cadenas illustrated this as shown in figure 4.

Regardless of their 're-granting' by Henri d'Orléans it seems likely that the BourbonAnjou blazon will continue to feature prominently on the arms of armigerous descendants of Spanish Bourbon monarchs. Descendants of the King's sister the Infanta Pilar and her husband, Luís Gómez-Acebo, Viscount of La Torre, might quarter his arms with hers. And little Felipe Juan Froilán de Marichalar y Borbón, son of the Infanta Elena and eldest grandson of King Juan Carlos, may someday also pass on the Bourbon-Anjou arms as a heraldic inheritance, quartering the familiar French arms with his father Don Jaime's ancient arms of Marichalar of Navarre, Or, an oak tree proper on a mount vert, a wolf passant sable as shown in figure 5. Matthew Hovius

figure 5 Visit the website at www.theheraldrysociety.com

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BOOK BROWSER

HERALDRY IN NORFOLK CHURCHES - Vol.4 SPARHAM DEANERY Ken Mourin FHS, Norfolk Heraldry Society ISBN 09506624-7-X £14.00 This is the fourth part of the Norfolk Heraldry Society's opus on the heraldry to be found in the county's churches. In many ways the volumes get better and better, and this fourth volume is the best yet. As well as twenty-four churches in the Deanery it covers three houses, with fuller notes on one family (the Jodrells) and Peter le Neve. The illustrations are clear and the information on what is to be found in the individual churches and houses is supplemented with helpful photographs. There is an index of names and blazons at the back which will be of great assistance to researchers seeking a particular coat of arms. The one fault - and a surprising one - to be found is some erroneous descriptions of Royal Arms. James I and VI would be surprised to learn that his innovation of bringing Ireland into the Arms was seen as adding Wales, and Queen Anne would have been surprised to see that she became a Hanoverian following the Act of Union with Scotland. There is also a strange comment about an inn-sign for a hostelry called The Kings Arms showing the current Royal Arms, said to date from 1845: "presumably for King Edward or King George". Perhaps the date should be 1945?

MANCHESTER HERALDRY STUDY

The Greater Manchester Heraldry Society will be holding their eleventh heraldry study at Worsley Court House on October 14th. Speakers will include Peter Marshall, Diarmid Pattinson, John Titterton and Malcolm Howe - all on a variety of heraldic subjects "with a northern flavour". Tickets, inclusive of a light luncheon, are same as last year at £10 and may be obtained from our Treasurer, Alan Bacon, 17 St Christopher’s Ave, Ashton under Lyne, OL6 9DT

ADVERTISING RATES

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Advertising within the pages of “The Heraldry Gazette” whether classified or display is welcomed from members and others. The rates shown for display advertisements are the popular sizes for monochrome reproduction. Rates for larger sizes and colour reproduction may be discussed with the Advertising Manager. Enquiries for placing an advertisement or receiving a quote should be addressed to the Advertising Manager at either [email protected] or his home address 53 Hitchin Street, Baldock, Hertfordshire, SG7 6AQ.

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MEMBERSHIP NEWS

We welcome the following new members: S C Allan

New York

D Stephens

Dublin

S Cameron

Yorkshire

N Whyberd

W Sussex

Anglia Heraldry Group Essex J Crowley

G Ingham

USA

Gloucester

G Ellis-Hughes Wales

N Griffin

Lancashire

Lord Norrys

Ayrshire

J Houston

Beds

We have heard with regret of the death of the following members: Mr. E. G. B Crundwell April 2005 Mr. Trevor Daintith May 2005

Mr. H. W. P. Harrison June 2005 Mr. W. G. Harris April 2005 Mr. L. Leonard 2005

Mrs. Margaret Wood July 2005

Visit the website at www.theheraldrysociety.com

THE 2005 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING

The 2005 Annual General Meeting will be held at the Society of Antiquaries, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1 at 6.30 pm on Tuesday, December 13th. A formal notice is enclosed with this mailing. The Council members retiring by rotation this year are Mr David White (Deputy Chairman) and Mr Geoff Robson. Both offer themselves for re-election. There is also one vacancy, which Council recommends should not be filled: a Resolution to this effect will be put to the Annual General Meeting. This will result in the Council having eight elected members; the Articles provide for a minimum of four. Experience has shown that working with eight elected and three non-elected members (the President, the Hon. Secretary and the Hon. Treasurer) is efficient and effective. The present intention is for Council to remain at that size. The Articles provide that a member of the Society may nominate another member for election to the Council provided the nomination is made not less than six weeks before the AGM (which this year would be 1st November) and accompanied by written consent to nomination signed by the person concerned. If no nominations are received the retiring members will be declared re-elected.

PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPETITION

Enclosed with this issue is the entry form for the Heraldry Society Photographic Competition 2005, which was announced in the two previous issues of the "Gazette". Council hopes that the competition will prove popular with members, and generate some striking photographic images of heraldic subjects. Please be sure to note the closing date for entries, which is 30th October 2005.

Visit the website at www.theheraldrysociety.com

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MARGARET JEAN WOOD ALA, SDAD (Hons), FSSI, SHA

Margaret Wood trained first as a librarian from 1967 to 1969 and gained her Associateship of the Library Association, Then as a professional caIligrapher, illuminator and heraldic artist, on a full-time three year course at Reigate School of Art and Design from 1977 to 1980, where she gained a First Class Honours Diploma. In 1976 she was approved as a tutor by the Inner London Educational Authority and elected a Fellow of the Society of Scribes and Illuminators of London in 1977. She was a member of the Council of the Society of Heraldic Arts for ten years and Chairman of the Blackmore Vale Scribes for seven years. She retired from both Offices because of pressure of work. She worked for the Crown Office in the House of Lords at the Palace of Westminster, initially as a librarian and then as one of the five Queen's Scribes from 1978 to 1987, producing illuminated Letters Patent creating Notaries Public, Judges, Life Peers, Heralds and Kings of Arms. She also painted heraldry for several of the Officers at the College of Arms, including John Brooke-Little (Richmond Herald and later Clarenceux King of Arms), Rodney Dennys (Somerset Herald), and Sir Colin Cole (Windsor Herald and later Garter Principal King of Arms.) She returned as a tutor and visiting lecturer at Reigate School of Art and Design, now part of East Surrey College, from 1979 to 1987. She moved to Somerset in 1987 and established an enviable reputation as one of the best tutors of the Craft in the Country. She was much in demand at Colleges of Adult Education, Community Education Centres and Universities as a resident tutor and lecturer. Her ability as a teacher was extraordinary. She was able to encourage and inspire everyone she taught, and was regarded with enormous affection by all her students and everyone who met her. She had endless patience and understanding not only with her students' work

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but with their problems as individuals. She was someone whom all felt able to turn to and confide in. Her work was sensitive and imaginative and is much prized by everyone who owns it. Her commissioned work included the design and execution of formal documents on vellum and paper, calligraphy, manuscript painting, gilding and heraldic design and painting. She also undertook commissions for Letters Patent, illuminated addresses and scrolls for the Armed Services, County and Municipal Boroughs and the Church. For private collectors, commissions included manuscript books, genealogical and armorial family trees and armorial library paintings. Her commercial work involved calligraphic and heraldic design for reproduction, publishers' book jackets and titling, greetings cards, book tokens, logo designs and graphics for television and advertising. Her death will create a very great loss both to the craft and to all who knew her. She was married to Anthony Wood and had a son by her previous marriage. The Society sends its condolences to Margaret’s family.

Published by the Heraldry Society, Charity Reg No 24156, Reg Office, 53 High Street, Burnham, Slough, SL1 7JX. Printed by Masterprint Ltd, London, SE18 5NQ