How VCI’s Can Reduce Corrosion for UST System Components Presented by David Durling, Zerust Oil & Gas Efim Lyublinski, Monique Posner, Terry Natale, Yefim Vaks, Ronnie Singh, Kelly Baker, Gautam Ramdas Northern Technologies International Corporation, USA
Marcelo Schultz Petrobras, Brazil
Marshall Mott-Smith Mott-Smith Consulting
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AGENDA • What are VCIs • Who NTIC is • Industry Applications – – – – –
Mothballing/Storage AST Floors AST Roofs Pipeline Casings UST Sumps
• Ethanol Corrosion and VCI field testing • Questions 2
Definition - VCI Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors
Also referred to as Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors • A class of corrosion inhibiting compounds which have vapor pressures higher than that of air. • This results in the release of vapor molecules of inhibitor into the air. 3
Definition – Con't VCIs can be engineered to address specific issues causing Corrosion Different Mechanisms for Different Purposes Passivators o Anodic inhibitors that shift the metal potential in the positive direction • •
Direct – anions react with the metal surface and become part of the passive film (chromates, nitrites) Indirect – improve adsorption of the dissolved oxygen on the metal surface to enable oxygen to passivate the metal surface (phosphates, silicates)
Barriers o Act as a barrier layer between the metal and the environment, adsorption can be either physical (electrostatic) or chemical (sharing electrons) • •
Organic – coat the surface with an oily layer Inorganic – inhibitor reacts with the environment to precipitate insoluble products (phosphates, silicates, bicarboantes)
Scavengers o Eliminate dissolved oxygen from a closed system (neutral or alkaline pH) (sulfite) o Inhibitor reacts with acidic gases in air space (ReCast-R1)
Neutralizer o Reduces the concentration of H+ ion in solution 4
Definition Con’t VCI molecules fill space and deposit on all surfaces. • • • • • • •
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Can work for immersed surfaces Not a ‘coating’ Does not change the metallurgy Not permanent Can be painted/welded Non-toxic Can be designed for the service exposure
Many forms of Delivery for VCIs What’s the difference?
1. Self-fogging Flash Corrosion Inhibitor (FCITM) technology – – – – –
High vapor pressure, low vapor density Fast acting flash corrosion inhibitor Fills vapor spaces immediately Highest volume of protection per weight of active ingredient Navigates complex systems
2. Long-term Vapor Corrosion Inhibitor (VCI) protection – Slower evolving, long-term vapor corrosion inhibitor
3. Long-term Soluble Corrosion Inhibitor (SCI) protection – Contact corrosion inhibitors activated when water present – Chloride “neutralizer”
Not “NEW” Technology
Clean, environmentally friendly Requires no cleaning prior to assembly
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VCIs have been sold through major retailers for years Several ‘consumer market’ products you can try • Lowes • Cabellas
•Flambeau •Kobalt •…others
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Some consumers are more demanding than others … US Navy SEALS
US Marines in Iraq VCI gun sleeves VCI capsules in the engine housing
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NACE Corrosion Innovation Awards Salt Lake City - 2012
Flange Savers™
ReCAST - Roof
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Who is NTIC? A World Leader in Corrosion Management
• Invented Vapor Corrosion Inhibitor systems for safe use in the 1970s • 40+ years of corrosion management expertise • Publicly listed on the NASDAQ • 17+ years experience in Oil & Gas market.
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50+ Countries around the world
ZERUST® Presence 12
Managing Corrosion
Corrosion cannot be eliminated, it’s mechanism can only be slowed
Applications!
How are VCIs currently being used in Oil & Gas?
Low Temperature Flanges. • Proprietary dual layer plastic film • Impregnated with a VCI to enclose flanges, bolts and weld joints • Average 2+ year life.
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Long Term Corrosion Protection
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Large Enclosures Offshore Tanks
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Vapor Capsules Numerous applications
Protection of Electrical & Electronic Control Panels and Safety Switch Boxes 18
Applications!
Tank Floors! Underside
Floor Configurations New/Existing – In Service/Out of Service Tank Soil Side Bottom Protection Matrix Cathodic Protection
VCI/SCI
Liquid VCI
Powder VCI
Suggested VCI / SCI System
Sand Base w/ Liner
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
- Ring-Wall Injection System - Dry Underside Tube System - Internal Flood System - Dry External Ring System - Wet External Ring System
Sand Base w/o Liner
Yes
Dry System Only
No
Yes
- Dry Underside Tube System - Dry External Ring System
Concrete/Asphalt
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
- Dry External Ring System - Wet External Ring
Double Bottom w/Liner
Effectiveness determined by sand depth
Yes
Yes
Yes
- Ring-Wall Injection System - Dry Underside Tube System - Internal Flood System
Double-Bottom w/o Liner
Effectiveness If original floor has If original floor has determined by sand no penetrations (?) no penetrations (?) depth
Yes
- Dry Underside Tube System - Ring-Wall Injection System? - Internal Flood System?
No
- Chloride Remediation System
Chloride Contaminated Sand Base w/ Liner
Yes
Yes
Yes
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State of Florida “ReCAST-SSB System provides environmental protection substantially equivalent to that provided by compliance with the requirements established in Rules 62-762.501(1)(f)4., 62762.701(1)(b), F.A.C and may be used as a Cathodic protection system… Pursuant to Rule 62762-851(2), F.A.C. … is approved in the State of Florida as a corrosion inhibitor system that is applied to the soil filled area between the secondary containment system of an aboveground storage tank.”
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Applications!
Tank Roofs!
Cone roof supports! Continuity of coatings?
Tank roof and support beam H2 O H2SO4
O2 SO2
H2S
Coatings do not effectively cover all surfaces
Examples of AST Roof corrosion Internal acid gas vapors cause underside corrosion
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Mitigate roof underside corrosion The delivery system!
Test dispenser design. New dispenser design.
Inhibitor levels can be monitored and replenished while the tank is “In-Service”.
Molecular vapor pressure disperses the inhibitor from cannisters installed during a tank shutdown. 25
Applications!
Pipe Casings!
Pipe Casings Long Term Corrosion Protection Vent Pipe
Surface structure i.e.: road, rail, etc.
Casing Seal 27
Applications!
UST Sump Pit!
UST System Components
UST Sump
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UST Vapor Space Chemistry
+ Water
= Ethanol Vapors
+
Acetic Acid
Bacteria 30
No Inhibitor
February 20, 2014
December 5, 2013 31
UST Test Sump Current Test Locations in Texas Site 1, September 2014
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UST Test Sump Current Test Locations in Texas Site 1 After 5 weeks no Inhibitor
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UST Test Sump Test site 2, October 2014 (this store is around 3 yrs old!)
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UST Test Sump Test site 2 (this store is around 3 years old)
Coupons After 6 Weeks!
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UST Test Sump Test site 3, Jan 2015
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UST Test Sump 3rd site in Texas Coupon after 6 weeks!
Test Coupon
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UST Lab Test
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UST Lab Test
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UST Trial Components
VCI Volatizes in Enclosure
Packet of VCI
Sample Sump
Florida (e10)
Coupon
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UST Test Sites Install Date: December 5, 2013 Client Sites in South Florida Owner #1 #1 #1 #2 #2 #2 #2 #2 #2 #2 #2 #2 #2 #2 #2 #2 #2 #1 * RUL *PUL
Location A A A B B C C C D D D E E E F F F F Regular Unleaded Premium Unleaded
Sump Description RUL - South RUL - Middle RUL - North RUL - SE PUL - SW RUL - SW PUL - Middle RUL - NE PUL - NW RUL - NE RUL - SE RUL - NW PUL - SW RUL - NE PUL - NW RUL - NE RUL - SE RUL
Coupon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
VCI Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes
Total
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10 41
UST Control Sump
Coupon Only
December 5, 2013
January 16, 2014
Some Visible Surface Corrosion 42
UST Control Sump
Coupon Only
December 5, 2013
January 16, 2014
Significant Surface Corrosion 43
UST Test Sump
VCI Packet and Coupon
December 5, 2013
January 16, 2014 February 20, 2014
No Visible Corrosion 44
UST Test Sump Site
March 2014
April 2014
May 2014
Packet Only
Front Side Spray Only
Front Side & Sump Spray
A
B
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UST Test Sump Site
March 2014
April 2014
May 2014
Packet Only
Front Side Spray Only
Front Side & Sump Spray
C
D
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UST Test Sump Site
March 2014
April 2014
May 2014
Packet Only
Front Side Spray Only
Front Side & Sump Spray
E
F
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Beta Test • Relatively Clean Surface & Tightened Fittings Annual Application
Monthly Application
UST Test Sump
Site 1 After 6 weeks with Inhibitor
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UST Test Sump
Site 2 After 6 weeks with Inhibitor
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UST Test Sump
Site 3 After 6 weeks with Inhibitor
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UST Sump - Conclusions 1. Acetic Acid can form in the sumps, due to Ethanol vapors, bacteria and moisture. 2. Absence of any of the three seems to result in a much lower corrosion rate. 3. Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors can reduce corrosion rates.
4. Sump condition is a factor in the effectiveness of the VCI. 5. Testing is expanding into long term trials. 52
Thank you! Questions? David Durling
[email protected] 832-482-8781 53