How Long Does It Take To Say “Hello” Because the great distances in space, and the lack of a fast spacecraft, travel to other planets is a thing of the future. However, space communication is not. Exploratory robotic spacecraft, such as Voyager 2, send and receive messages from the very edges of the solar system. Radio waves travel at the speed of light, about 300,000 kilometers per second. Compute how long is would take your “Hello” to reach a robotic spacecraft at each of the planets.
Starting Excel 1. Click the Start button
on the Taskbar and point to Programs.
2. On the Programs Submenu, click Microsoft Excel. In a few seconds, the program is loaded and the Excel window appears. 3. Click the Maximize button
to enlarge the window.
4. Click File on the Menu bar and select Open. The Open dialog box opens. 5. Click the drop-down arrow
to the right of the Look in box.
6. Select your period folder. 7. Click the file My Astronomy Workbook to select it. 8. Click the Open button
.
Copying Some Data 9. Click the Travel Time worksheet. 10. Click in cell A3 and drag to cell E12. 11. The cells are selected. 12. Press Ctrl+C to copy the cells.
Inserting a Sheet 13. Click Insert on the Menu bar and select Worksheet. 14. A new worksheet is inserted into the workbook. 15. Click in cell A3. 16. Press Ctrl+V to paste the data into the new worksheet.
Setting-up the Spreadsheet 17. Click in any cell. 18. Press Ctrl+A to select all. 19. Using the Formatting toolbar, change the Font Size to 12-points. 20. Press Ctrl+1. 21. The Format Cells dialog box opens. Astronomy and Space Biology
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22. Click the Alignment tab. 23. Under Vertical, select Center. 24. Click OK. 25. Click the Column A Heading and drag to the Column D Heading. 26. The columns are now selected. 27. Click Format on the Menu bar, point to Column, and select Width. 28. Change the Column Width to 17 points. 29. Click OK.
Renaming a Sheet 30. Click the Sheet1 tab. Sheet1 opens. 31. Double-click the words Sheet1 on the tab. 32. Type Hello to rename the tab.
Enter a Title 33. Click the cell A1 and drag to cell E1. 34. Press the Merge and Center button
on the Formatting toolbar.
35. Type How Long To Say “Hello”. 36. Click in cell C3.
Enter a Text Label
37. Type the word Seconds. 38. Press Tab to move to cell D3. 39. Type Minutes.
Each column is 17 points wide
The row is 72 points high.
40. Press Tab to move to cell E3. 41. Type Hours.
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Entering Formulas The objective is to find how long it would take a message from Earth to travel to the planets. Radio waves travel at the speed of light. 42. Click in cell C4. 43. Type =b4/30000. 44. Press Tab. 45. This will calculate the seconds to send your message to Mercury. 46. In cell D4 type =c4/60. 47. Press Tab. 48. This will calculate the minutes to send your message to Mercury. 49. In cell E4 type =d4/60. 50. Press Tab. 51. This will calculate the hours to send your message to Mercury.
Formatting the Title 52. Click in cell A1. 53. Press Ctrl+1. 54. The Format Cells dialog box appears. 55. Click the Fonts tab. 56. Change the Size to 36 points. 57. Change the Font style to Bold. 58. Change the Color to White. 59. Click the Patterns tab. 60. Under Cell Shading, select Black. 61. Click OK.
Formatting the Labels 62. Click in cell A3 and drag to G3. 63. The cells are now selected. 64. Press Format on the Menu bar and select Cells. 65. The Format Cells dialog box appears. 66. Click the Alignment tab. 67. Under Horizontal, select Center. 68. Click the Font tab. 69. Change the Font style to Bold.
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70. Click the Border tab. 71. Under Line Style, select the heaviest line. 72. Under Presets, click the Outline and Inside buttons. 73. Click the Patterns tab. 74. Under Cell Shading, select the lightest gray color. 75. Click OK.
Using the Fill Handle to Copy into Adjacent Cells 76. Click in cell C4 and drag to cell E4. 77. In the lower right-hand corner, you will see a handle. 78. Move the mouse over the handle and the mouse changes into a small + sign. 79. Press the left mouse button and drag the Fill Handle down Column E to the cell for the last planet. 80. Your formulas are copied into cells C5 to D12.
Formatting the Data
Click and drag the fill handle to copy and paste the formula into cells C5 to G12.
81. Click in cell B4 and drag to D12. 82. The cells are now selected. 83. Press Format on the Menu bar and select Cells. 84. The Format Cells dialog box appears. 85. Click the Number tab.
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86. Under Category, select Number. 87. Next to Decimal places, select 0. 88. Check the box next to Use 1000 separator. 89. Click OK. 90. This will round the numbers to the nearest whole number. 91. Click in cell E4 and drag to E12. 92. The cells are now selected. 93. Press Format on the Menu bar and select Cells. 94. The Format Cells dialog box appears. 95. Click the Number tab. 96. Under Category, select Number. 97. Next to Decimal places, select 2. 98. Click OK. 99. This will round the numbers to the nearest hundredth.
Creating a Header for Your Heading The worksheet needs a heading. You will create a header and footer. Remember, a header and footer appear on every page. You will not see the header and footer until you use Print Preview. 100.
Click View on the Menu bar and select Header and Footer.
101.
The Page Setup dialog box opens.
102.
Click the Custom Header button
103.
The Header dialog box opens.
.
104. In the Right section, type your name and press Enter. 105.
Type your partner’s name and press Enter.
106.
Click the Date button
107.
Press Enter.
.
108. Type the word Period, press the Spacebar, and type your period number. 109.
Press Enter.
110.
Type Astronomy and Space Biology.
111.
Click OK.
112.
Click the Margins tab.
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113.
Change the Top Margin to 2 inches so you have room for your header.
114.
Under Center on page, select Horizontally
115.
Click the Sheet tab.
116.
Click the box next to Gridlines.
117.
Click OK.
.
Previewing a Worksheet 118.
Press F7 to run a spell check.
119.
Fix any errors.
120.
Press Ctrl+S to save your work.
121.
Click on the Print Preview button
122.
Check the bottom of the Print Preview window to check that you only have one page.
123.
You will now see your header and footer.
124.
Click the Close button
.
on the Print Preview toolbar.
Figure 1
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Printing a Document 125.
Press the Ctrl+P keys. The Print dialog box opens.
126.
The Name of the printer should be Ireland.
127.
Next to Number of copies, type 2 in the text box.
128.
Click OK or press Enter.
129.
Press Alt+F4 to close all open windows and to return to the Desktop.
Making A Bar Chart 130.
Start Microsoft Excel.
131.
Click File on the Menu bar and select Open. The Open dialog box appears.
132.
Click the drop-down arrow
133.
Select your period folder.
134.
Click the file My Astronomy Workbook to open it.
135.
Click the Open button
136.
Click the worksheet tab titled Travel Time to make it the active sheet.
to the right of the Look in box.
.
Selecting the Labels and Data 137. Click in cell A4 and drag down to cell A12. 138.
Hold the Ctrl key down.
139.
Click in cell D4 and drag to D12.
140.
Release the Ctrl key.
141.
Click the Chart Wizard button on the Standard toolbar.
142. Step 1 of the Chart Wizard opens. 143. Under Chart type, select the Bar chart type. 144. Under Chart Sub-type, select the Clustered bar with a 3-D visual effect. 145. Click the Press and hold to view sample button to preview your selection. 146.
Click Next
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147.
In Step 2 make sure the correct data range is selected.
148.
The picture preview is your best hint that the data range is correctly selected.
149.
Click Next
.
150. In Step 3, you type the titles in the appropriate text boxes. 151.
Click the Titles tab.
152. In the Chart title text box, type How Long To Say “Hello”. 153. In the Category (X) axis text box, type Planet. 154. In the Value (Z) axis text box, type Minutes. 155.
Click the Legend tab.
156.
Uncheck Show Legend.
157.
Click the Axes tab.
158.
Under Value (Z) axis, select Major and Minor gridlines.
159.
This will add extra gridlines to your chart.
160.
Click Next
.
Setting the Chart Location 161.
Under Place chart, select As a new sheet.
162.
In the text box type Hello Chart.
163.
You will see this name on the worksheet tab.
164.
Click Finish
165.
Click the Save button
. You will see your new chart. on the Standard toolbar.
Formatting the X-Axis Labels Labels are hard to read when they are 10 points in size. 166.
Double-click the name of any planet to select the X-axis labels.
167.
The Format Axis dialog box will open.
168.
Click the Font tab.
169.
Change the Font Size to 12 points.
170.
Click OK.
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Formatting the Z-Axis Scale 171.
Double-click any number on the scale to select the Y-axis labels (0, 1, 2, 3).
172.
The Format Axis dialog box will open.
173.
Click the Font tab.
174.
Change the Font Size to 12 points.
175.
Click OK.
Formatting the X-Axis Title 176.
Double-click the X-axis title Planets.
177.
The Format Axis Title dialog box will open.
178.
Click the Font tab.
179.
Change the Font Size to 14 points.
180.
Change the Font style to Bold.
181.
Click the Alignment tab.
182.
Under Orientation, select 90 Degrees.
183.
Click OK.
Formatting the Z-Axis Title 184.
Double-click the Y-axis title Years.
185.
The Format Axis Title dialog box will open.
186.
Click the Font tab.
187.
Change the Font Size to 14 points.
188.
Change the Font style to Bold.
189.
Click OK.
Formatting the Chart Title 190.
Double-click the chart title How Long To Say “Hello”.
191.
The Format Chart Title dialog box will open.
192.
Click the Font tab.
193.
Change the Font to Arial Black.
194.
Change the Font Size to 20 points.
195.
Click the Patterns tab.
196.
Under Border, select Automatic.
197. Check the box next to Shadow. (This will put a thin black border around your title with a shadow.)
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198.
Click OK.
Changing the Page Setup 199.
Click File on the Menu bar and select Page Setup.
200.
The Page Setup dialog box opens.
201.
Click the Margins tab.
202.
Change the Left, Right, and Bottom margins to 0.5 inch.
203.
Click the Header/Footer tab.
204.
Click the Custom Header button
205.
The Header dialog box opens.
206.
In the Right section type your name and press Enter.
207.
Type your partner’s name and press Enter.
208.
Click the Date button
209.
Press Enter.
210.
Type the word Period, press the Spacebar, and type your period number.
211.
Press Enter.
212.
Type Astronomy and Space Biology.
213.
Click OK twice.
.
.
Previewing a Worksheet 214.
Press F7 to run a spell check.
215.
Press Ctrl+S to save your work.
216.
Click on the Print Preview button
217.
Check the bottom of the Print Preview window to check that you only have one page.
218.
You will now see your header and footer.
219.
Click the Close button
.
on the Print Preview toolbar.
Printing a Document 220.
Press the Ctrl+P keys. The Print dialog box opens.
221.
The Name of the printer should be Wales.
222.
Next to Number of copies, type 2 in the text box.
223.
Click OK or press Enter.
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224.
Press Alt+F4 to close all open windows and to return to the Desktop.
Figure 2
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