Lesson 1 Cells

Lesson 2 Classifying Life

Lesson 3 Plants

Lesson 4 Classifying Animals

How are living things similar?

Lesson 5 Animal Systems

organism cell unicellular multicellular chlorophyll tissue organ organ system

What are cells? Cells are the smallest units of living things that can carry out the basic processes of life.

frog cells

amoeba cell

What is inside an animal cell? vacuoles nucleus

cytoplasm

cell membrane

mitochondria

What is inside a plant cell? vacuole mitochondria

nucleus

cytoplasm cell membrane chloroplast

cell wall

How are cells organized?

Cells form tissues, tissues form organs, and organs work together in organ systems.

cell organ system

tissue organ

All of the cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems form an organism.

Main Idea What is the main difference between the ways unicellular and multicellular organisms are organized? Unicellular organisms perform functions on their own. Multicellular organisms have special cells, tissues, and organs to do tasks.

Vocabulary Chlorophyll is able to use the energy in sunlight. ___________ Similar cells working together at the same function form a ___________. A ___________ is the smallest unit of living things that can carry out the basic processes of life. A group of tissues working together to perform a specific function form an ___________.

cell

chlorophyll

organ

tissue

Vocabulary

Organs that work together to perform a certain function make up an _____________. Multicellular organisms are made of more than _____________ one cell. An _____________ is a living thing. _____________ organisms are made of a single Unicellular cell.

multicellular organ system organism unicellular

Compare and Contrast

Plant cell: has chloroplasts, cell wall

How can you tell the difference between a typical plant cell and a typical animal cell?

Both: have cell membrane, organelles

Animal cell: has many or no vacuoles

End of Lesson

organ system (ôr´gən sis´təm) A group of organs that work together to do a certain job. (p. 28)

classification kingdom species vertebrate invertebrate vascular nonvascular

How are organisms classified? Kingdom

Phylum Class

Scientists classify organisms by sorting them into groups according to shared characteristics.

Order Family Genus Species

What are animals? Animal Kingdom vertebrates

fish

invertebrates

snake

cow

sponge

dragonfly

jellyfish

What are plants and fungi? Fungus Plant Kingdom Kingdom nonvascular yeast morels mildew

liverwort

morels hornwort

moss

mold

vascular rust smut mushrooms

flowering plant

penicillin

fern

corn smut pine tree

What are bacteria and protists? Protist Kingdom Bacteria Kingdoms

plantlike Ancient Bacteria

hot springs bacteria

red algae

animal-like True Bacteriafungilike

rod-shaped E. coli

sphereshaped step

paramecium

spiral shaped orange Lyme disease

slime mold

What are viruses?

Viruses are tiny particles that enter the body of a living thing, take over some of its cells, and cause the organism to get sick.

Main Idea

Which three kingdoms are mainly multicellular? Mainly unicellular? Multicellular: animals, plants, and fungi Unicellular: protists and bacteria

Vocabulary The narrowest group an organism can be classified into is a _____________. The word _____________ means “contains tubes or vessels.” A _____________ is an animal with a backbone. _____________ Classification has been called the science of finding patterns.

classification

species

vascular

vertebrate

Vocabulary

Nonvascular plants do not have ____________ vascular tissue. The broadest group an organism is classified into is a ____________. An ____________ is an animal without a backbone.

invertebrate

kingdom

nonvascular

Classify

How would you classify a multicellular organism that has cell walls but no chlorophyll? Fungi

Not a plant

Not an animal

Does not move, multicellular

Does not make its own food

End of Lesson

gymnosperm

angiosperm xylem phloem cambium photosynthesis transpiration cellular respiration

How are plants classified? Plants are classified as vascular or nonvascular. vascular seedless

seed

no flowers

fern

horsetail

Douglas fir

gingko

flowers

hydrangea

gerber daisy

What are roots?

cortex

A root is the part of the plant that absorbs water and minerals, stores food, and anchors the plant. root hair transport vessels root cap

epidermis

What are stems? Stems are plant parts with two functions: supporting the plant and transporting water, minerals, and sugars to different parts of the plant. xylem cambium

phloem

woody stem

soft stem

What are leaves?

Leaves are plant parts that carry out the processes of photosynthesis and transpiration. cuticle epidermis

vein xylem guard cells

phloem stoma

5

What are leaves?

Some water evaporates through open stomata. 4

Sugar is then transported in the phloem tissue. 3

Water in the leaves is used to make sugar.

transpiration 2

1

Water moves through the xylem tissue up to the leaves. sugar

Water enters the plant’s roots.

water

How are photosynthesis and respiration related?

sunlight photosynthesis

sugar + oxygen

carbon dioxide

respiration

water

Main Idea

Why do all plants need air, water, and sunlight? Plants need these raw materials to carry out photosynthesis.

Vocabulary Photosynthesis is the process by which ______________ a plant makes its own food. Xylem ______________ is a series of tubes that moves water and minerals up a plant’s stem.

______________ moves sugars that are made Phloem in the plant’s leaves to other parts of the plant. An ______________ is a seed plant that produces flowers. angiosperm

phloem

photosynthesis

xylem

Vocabulary Xylem and phloem cells are produced in the _________________. A _________________ is a seed plant that does not produce a flower. Energy is released when the cells of organisms use oxygen to break down sugars stored as starch in the process called _________________. The loss of water through a plant’s leaves is called _________________. cambium cellular respiration gymnosperm transpiration

Draw Conclusions

An insect cannot survive in a covered jar, even though the jar contains food and water. When a plant is added to the jar, the insect can now survive. Explain.

plant in jar

insect gets oxygen

End of Lesson

asymmetrical radial symmetry bilateral symmetry monotreme marsupial placental mammal

What are simple invertebrates? Most lower invertebrates live in aquatic environments, which are filled with water or are moist.

segmented worm

roundworm

flatworm

sponge

sea anemone

What are complex invertebrates?

Some invertebrates have specialized organs and complex body structures.

What are vertebrates? Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone, bilateral symmetry, and an endoskeleton.

What are mammals? Mammals are warm-blooded animals that produce milk to feed their young.

Most mammals have hair or fur.

Main Idea

What is the main difference between vertebrates and invertebrates? Vertebrates have a backbone and invertebrates do not.

Vocabulary Radial symmetry is a body plan in which ________________ all body parts of an organism are arranged around a central point. The young of a ________________ develops within its mother. A _______________ is a pouched animal.

marsupial

placental mammal

radial symmetry

Vocabulary A _________________ is a mammal that lays eggs.

An _________________ body plan cannot be divided into mirror images. Bilateral symmetry is a body plan in which an _________________ organism can be divide along only one plane of their body to produce two mirror images. asymmetrical

bilateral symmetry

monotreme

Main Idea and Details

What characteristics identify birds?

warm-blooded

Characteristics of Birds two wings

End of Lesson

skeletal system muscular system digestive system excretory system respiratory system circulatory system

nervous system endocrine system

What are the skeletal and muscular systems? vertebrate

skull

pelvis

rib femur

What are the digestive and excretory systems?

stomach

intestines

kidneys esophagus

liver bladder

What are the respiratory and circulatory systems? Two body systems that work together to provide oxygen and food to cells. 3

The oxygen-poor blood is pumped to the lungs.

2

In the lungs, the blood drops off carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen.

2 3

3 4 4 1

Oxygen-poor blood flows into the heart.

1

Oxygen-rich blood flows into the heart. Then it is pumped to the body.

What are the nervous and endocrine systems?

Two body systems that work together to control physical responses and body activities.

Main Idea

How are the circulatory, respiratory, skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems put into use when a rabbit runs from danger? Circulatory/respiratory: get blood with oxygen and food to leg muscles

Skeletal/muscular: make legs move; nervous: sense danger, coordinate leg movement

Vocabulary The vertebrate __________________ includes the brain, nerve cord, nerves, and sense organs. The power to actually produce movement is provided by the __________________. The __________________ is a long tube in which food is broken down into nutrients an organism can use. The __________________ consists of the heart and blood vessels. muscular system circulatory system nervous system digestive system

Vocabulary The __________________ is made up of bones, tendons, and ligaments. The __________________ removes waste products from the body. The __________________ of a rabbit is made up of the lungs and the passageways that lead to them. The __________________ has glands which produce hormones. endocrine system respiratory system excretory system skeletal system

Summarize heart pumps

What steps take place in the rabbit’s body to bring blood to the body cells? blood travels

oxygen in cells

steps to bring summary blood to cells End of Lesson