Household food and livelihood security from a gender lens – Case study of South African farms
Sub-study within larger research project “Nutrition security, livelihoods and HIV/AIDS among South African farm worker households” (Project leader Dr. Stefanie Lemke) Fundings: DFG, NRF, NTW, University of Giessen
N Heumann
Hohenheim; 27.05.2009
Concept: Food security Background
Objective
FAO 1996: Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.
Methodology
Results
Summary
Conclusion
FAO 2002: Food security is a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. N Heumann
Hohenheim; 27.05.2009
Concept: Livelihood security Background
“A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (including both material and social resources) and activities required for a means of living.” (DFID 1999)
Objective
Methodology
Results
Summary
Conclusion
Livelihood security is defined as: “the adequate and sustainable access to income and other resources to enable households to meet basic needs. This includes adequate access to food, potable water, health facilities, educational opportunities, housing, and time for community participation and social integration”. (Frankenberger, Drinkwater and Maxwell 2000) N Heumann
Hohenheim; 27.05.2009
South Africa Background
Objective
Methodology
Results
Summary
Conclusion
N Heumann
Hohenheim; 27.05.2009
South African farm workers Previous studies have shown: Background
Objective
Farm households belong to most vulnerable population category with regard to income, education, nutrition insecurity and health status
Methodology
Results
Summary
Conclusion
> 50% of farm households food insecure
Farm workers have the worst nutritional status: Lowest mean intakes of Vitamin A, low intakes of most other micronutrients Children more likely to be stunted or underweight than other children Lemke/Heumann/Bellows 2009 (in press), Kruger et al. 2006, Lemke 2001, Vorster et al. 2000, Labadarios 2000 N Heumann
Hohenheim; 27.05.2009
Research objective Background
Objective
Methodology
Results
Overall objective: To identify underlying causes of food and livelihood insecurity among South African farm dwellers with emphasis on gender relations and intra-household dynamics.
Summary
Conclusion
N Heumann
Hohenheim; 27.05.2009
Methodology Background
Objective
Methodology
Results
" Participants (2004-2008): - 37 men & 32 women in 49 households; " Qualitative research operations: - Structured open-ended face-to-face interviews - Informal conversations - Observations - Life histories - Interviews with key-informants (teachers, shop owners, farm owners) - Focus group discussions
Summary
" Data analysis: SPSS, NVivo Conclusion
N Heumann
Hohenheim; 27.05.2009
Æ 3 commercial farms & one informal settlement Æ 30-50km distance to next town
Source: ©2009 Google-Grafiken, ©2009 Digital Globe, Cnes/Spot Image, GeoEye, Kartendaten, ©2009 TeleAtlas; edited by Nadine Heumann
Infrastructure Background
+
Houses on property of farm owner; type & quality varies; usually linked to employment No sanitation facilities in houses, communal tap provides access to clean drinking water
Objective
Electricity available on two farms Methodology
Results
Summary
Conclusion
É
Few local food stores; 0-8km away; 45% higher prices compared to town Few and irregular public transport Æ hiking or transport provided by farmer
Y Only primary school; no further education possibilities Mobile Clinic: 2-4/month, 0-15km distance; K Farm owner takes his male workers to doctors in town. N Heumann
Hohenheim; 27.05.2009
Socio-demographic profile Background
Objective
Methodology
Age
Place of birth
Length of stay
Results
Educational level
Ø 44,16 years (min 22; max 79)
Farm area (65%); within 50 km radius (59%)
Ø 11,22 years (min
