Homework 1 Chapter 16 ____

1. The _____ made possible the second industrial revolution in America. a. oil industry b. railroads c. iron industry d. textiles e. cotton gin

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2. The American working class a. were paid less than their European counterparts. b. worked in safe conditions and fatal factory accidents were uncommon. c. did not include women and children. d. was quickly making gains and moving into the middle class. e. lived in desperate conditions.

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3. Social Darwinism in America a. evolved from the British philosopher Herbert Spencer. b. argued that evolution was as natural a process in human society as in nature, and government must not interfere. c. argued that failure to advance in society indicated a lack of character. d. argued that freedom required frank acceptance of inequality. e. All of the above

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4. Bonanza farms a. were small, self-sufficient farms. b. were the sharecropping farms found in the South. c. typically had 3,000 or more acres. d. were free homesteads in California. e. were settled along the railroad lines of the Union-Pacific.

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5. What was the merit system for federal employees called? a. The spoils system b. The Civil Service Act c. The fair standards policy d. The Equal Opportunity Act e. The Hepburn Act

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6. The second industrial revolution was marked by a. a return to handmade goods. b. a more equalized distribution of wealth. c. the rapid expansion of industry across the South. d. the acceleration of factory production and increased activity in the mining and railroad industries. e. a decline in the growth of cities.

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7. One significant economic impact of the second industrial revolution was a. a more stable economy. b. frequent and prolonged economic depressions. c. higher prices. d. a more equitable distribution of wealth. e. the introduction of socialism.

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8. In the nineteenth century, pools, trusts, and mergers were a. unheard of. b. used only rarely. c. against the law. d. seen as beneficial by consumers. e. ways manufacturers sought to control the marketplace.

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9. Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller a. faced no criticism for their business practices. b. led the way in social reform. c. advocated government regulation of business. d. built up giant corporations that dominated their respective markets. e. were both immigrants.

____ 10. For workers, the second industrial revolution meant a. frequent periods of mass unemployment. b. higher wages than those earned by European industrial workers. c. dangerous work conditions. d. an increase of women working in industry. e. All of the above ____ 11. The Dawes Act of 1887 a. empowered Indians. b. assured Indian autonomy. c. sought to break up the tribal system. d. was a great success. e. hurt white interests in the West. ____ 12. The Ghost Dance a. was a religious revitalization campaign among Indians, feared by whites. b. was seen as harmless. c. was approved by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. d. brought Indians and whites together in a cultural celebration. e. ushered in a new era of Indian wars. ____ 13. The Civil Service Act of 1883 a. created a merit system for government workers. b. favored candidates with political influence. c. was passed in response to the assassination of President Lincoln. d. applied only to women. e. applied only to elected officeholders.

____ 14. During the second industrial revolution, the courts a. supported the interests of workers. b. supported the interests of consumers. c. refused to hear any cases related to business interests. d. tended to favor the interests of industry over those of labor. e. tended the favor the interests of labor over those of industry. ____ 15. The Knights of Labor a. was an inclusive organization that advocated for a vast array of reforms. b. organized only skilled, white, native-born workers. c. did not admit women. d. never had more than a few hundred members. e. cooperated with big business. Chapter 17 ____ 16. The silver issue a. had little support from Democrat William Jennings Bryan. b. divided the Republican Party during the 1892 election. c. refers to the fight to increase the money supply by minting silver money. d. had dissipated from American politics by the 1896 election. e. All of the above ____ 17. Plessy v. Ferguson a. was a unanimous decision. b. sanctioned racial segregation. c. voided the Thirteenth Amendment. d. limited the hours that women could legally work. e. was fully supported by Booker T. Washington. ____ 18. Booker T. Washington a. called for political independence, activism, and higher education. b. was an astute leader who appealed to whites with a policy of accommodation. c. was the first slide trombonist and brought his jazz music up north to Chicago. d. was born in Massachusetts and received his Ph.D. from Harvard. e. was arrested for not giving up his seat on a Louisiana passenger rail car. ____ 19. Alfred Thayer Mahan argued that a. God had groomed the Anglo-Saxon race to spread its culture and progress throughout the world. b. for settlement in the West to take hold, the native Americans had to be removed to reservations. c. the frontier past best explained the distinctive history of the United States. d. for the United States to be a Great Power, it was imperative that it build a strong navy. e. it was unwise for the United States to annex the Philippines.

____ 20. Journalists who worked for newspapers like William Randolph Hearst’s New York Journal which sensationalized events to sell papers were called a. yellow journalists. b. trustees. c. social reformers. d. muckrakers. e. freelancers. ____ 21. The anti-imperialist Reverend Charles G. Ames warned that acquiring an overseas empire a. threatened to undermine democracy at home. b. would require force, as the Spanish had done. c. required that the United States become a permanent military nation. d. likely would change the temperament of the American people into one of arrogance and defiance toward other nations. e. All of the above ____ 22. How were federal troops used in the Pullman Strike of 1894? a. As moderators between the employees and employers b. To help suppress the strikers on behalf of the owners c. They were not used at all. d. As workers themselves, to replace the striking workers e. As spies, such as an early Federal Investigation Bureau ____ 23. William McKinley justified annexation of the Philippines as the United States a. needed to bring the Filipinos civilization. b. needed the islands for business and trade. c. felt the Filipinos were not ready for self-government. d. needed to Christianize the Filipinos. e. All of the above ____ 24. The Supreme Court cases that held that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territories acquired by the United States during the Spanish-American War were called the a. province cases. b. insular cases. c. territory cases. d. island cases. e. imperialism cases. ____ 25. The Farmers’ Alliance a. successfully worked with banks. b. was subsidized by the railroad industry. c. sought to improve conditions through cooperatives. d. achieved its goals and disbanded shortly after its founding. e. was limited only to the Northeast.

____ 26. The Populist platform a. called for the end of all government. b. supported the interests of big business. c. called for government control of business. d. appealed only to workers. e. appealed only to farmers. ____ 27. At the end of the nineteenth century, lynching a. rarely happened. b. was an act of violence directed mostly at black men. c. caused Ida B. Wells to stop writing and speaking. d. was always done in secret. e. affected only southern whites. ____ 28. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 a. was directed only at women and illiterates. b. was not racially motivated. c. was found unconstitutional. d. favored Japanese immigrants. e. prohibited any Chinese from entering the United States. ____ 29. Founded in 1886, the American Federation of Labor a. was led by Terence Powderly. b. restricted membership to only skilled workers. c. was structured much like the Knights of Labor. d. restricted membership to only unskilled workers. e. successfully organized immigrant workers. Chapter 18 ____ 30. The Philippine War a. resulted in Filipino independence. b. was far longer and bloodier than the Spanish-American War. c. was little debated at the time. d. was part of the American effort to liberate the Philippines. e. is well remembered today. ____ 31. Newspaper and magazine writers, who exposed the ills of industrial and urban life, fueling the progressive movement, were known as a. yellow journalists. b. trustees. c. social reformers. d. muckrakers. e. freelancers.

____ 32. Fordism is a. the practice of paying your workers more than the average national wage. b. a manufacturing system that uses a moving assembly line. c. the practice of discriminating against unionization. d. an economic system based on mass production and mass consumption. e. a grassroots political movement which fights against special interests. ____ 33. The Progressive movement drew its strength from a. big business. b. farmers. c. middle-class reformers. d. military leaders. e. socialists. ____ 34. Settlement houses a. provided an alternative to marriage for the new woman. b. built kindergartens for immigrant children. c. were located in poor neighborhoods. d. established employment bureaus and health clinics. e. All of the above ____ 35. The Sixteenth Amendment a. called for the direct election of senators. b. authorized Congress to implement a graduated income tax. c. granted women the right to vote. d. prohibited the use and sale of alcohol. e. instituted the initiative, referendum, and recall. ____ 36. Vaudeville is a a. form of entertainment. b. kind of drink immigrants liked. c. reform group. d. place in New York. e. political machine. ____ 37. The Ludlow Massacre was a tragic confrontation between a. Plains Indians and the U.S. Army. b. North Carolina textile workers and the police. c. the IWW and the Massachusetts police. d. New Orleans dockworkers and militia. e. Colorado nine workers and militia. ____ 38. The program that sought to streamline production and boost profits by systematically controlling costs and work practices was called a. Fordism. b. vertical integration. c. free-market practices. d. scientific management. e. laissez-faire. ____ 39. The Triangle Shirtwaist fire a. was the worst fire disaster in U.S. history. b. brought in its wake increased union organizing among New York City garment workers

and much needed safety legislation. c. destroyed the business, but there were no casualties. d. occurred during the Uprising of the 20,000. e. resulted in laws that banned all manufacturing in New York. ____ 40. The word “Progressivism” came into common use around 1910 a. as a way of describing a broad, loosely defined political movement of individuals and groups. b. as an antibusiness term. c. denoting a group that appealed only to women. d. as another term for Socialism. e. and represented those who advocated revolution. ____ 41. During the Progressive era a. cities declined in importance. b. social reformers concentrated their efforts on rural areas. c. cities attracted only the wealthy. d. urban development highlighted the social inequalities. e. cities competed with rural areas for government projects. ____ 42. The new concepts of a living wage and the American standard of living a. allowed for criticism of the inequalities of wealth and power. b. reflected America’s growing interest in socialism. c. were unrelated to the rise of mass consumption. d. argued that all Americans should be wealthy. e. argued that economic and ethical concerns were unrelated. ____ 43. By 1912, the Socialist Party a. appealed only to immigrants. b. appealed only to industrial workers. c. had elected scores of local officials. d. was concentrated in New York City. e. had yet to elect a member to Congress. ____ 44. The Industrial Workers of the World a. represented skilled workers only. b. was led by Eugene Debs. c. organized only women workers. d. was a union within the American Federation of Labor. e. advocated a workers’ revolution. ____ 45. Jane Addams a. was a birth-control advocate. b. believed in Social Darwinism. c. founded Hull House in 1889. d. was an economist. e. supported anti-immigrant legislation. Chapter 19 ____ 46. The Fourteen Points attempted to a. consolidated political power at home.

b. c. d. e.

provide an peace agenda to create a new democratic order. quiet growing criticism from the Republicans that Wilson was an inept leader. outline the Progressive Party’s campaign platform for the 1920 election. organize alliances after the war among fourteen prominent nations.

____ 47. Most Progressives came to see the war as a golden opportunity because a. they believed that the United States would profit from the war. b. they supported the socialist ideas of Vladimir Lenin. c. they hoped to disseminate Progressive values around the globe. d. they saw an opportunity to completely restrict immigration. e. it enabled blacks a chance for economic improvement through defense jobs. ____ 48. During the war, in which way did Americans react to German-Americans? a. In Iowa the governor required that all oral communication be done in English. b. “Hamburger” was changed to “liberty sandwich.” c. The director of the Boston Sympathy was interned for playing the works of German composers. d. The teaching of foreign languages was restricted in many states. e. All of the above ____ 49. Between 1898 and 1934, the United States intervened militarily numerous times in Caribbean countries, generally a. to gain territory for the United States. b. to spread liberty and freedom in the region. c. because the democratic leaders of the region asked the United States for aid in suppressing rebellions. d. to fight European powers who sought to establish colonies in the area. e. to protect the economic interests of American banks and investors. ____ 50. Eugenics is a. the attempt to improve the human species through controlling hereditary. b. the movement towards colonization in Africa by blacks from the United States. c. the practice of using poison gas by the Germans during World War I. d. the socialist system of infiltration of the labor unions within the United States. e. modification of human behavior as described by famed psychiatrist Sigmund Freud. ____ 51. U.S. control of the Panama Canal Zone a. was welcomed by the Colombians. b. lasted only until 1914. c. was deemed inappropriate by most Americans. d. was part of Theodore Roosevelt’s policy of intervention in Central America. e. was part of Woodrow Wilson’s policy of intervention in Central America.

____ 52. The Roosevelt Corollary a. claimed the right of the United States to act as a police power in the Western Hemisphere. b. claimed the right of the United States to act as a police power in Asia. c. claimed the right of the United States to act as a police power in Africa. d. was also known as Dollar Diplomacy. e. contradicted the Monroe Doctrine. ____ 53. From 1914 to 1916, U.S. intervention in Mexico a. was welcomed by the Mexican people. b. led to the U.S. takeover of Mexico. c. liberated Mexico from Spain. d. demonstrated the weaknesses of Wilson’s foreign policy. e. demonstrated the strengths of Wilson’s foreign policy. ____ 54. World War I a. was also known as the Great War. b. introduced much new military technology. c. pitted the Allies against the Central Powers. d. began with the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. e. All of the above ____ 55. As war broke out in Europe, Americans a. were deeply divided. b. were rather ambivalent. c. mostly supported the British. d. mostly supported the Germans. e. supported U.S. involvement. ____ 56. In 1916, Woodrow Wilson a. chose not to run for reelection. b. lost to the Republican candidate, Charles Evans Hughes. c. was reelected when he promised to support the war effort. d. was reelected when he promised not to send troops to Europe. e. received fewer votes in states where women had the vote. ____ 57. The Zimmermann Telegram a. helped assure Americans that Germany was not a threat. b. clarified British war aims. c. outlined the German plan for an attack on the United States by Mexico. d. outlined the British plan for an attack on the United States by Mexico. e. outlined the Fourteen Points. ____ 58. During World War I, federal powers a. stayed the same. b. were delegated to the states. c. expanded greatly. d. were limited. e. changed little.

____ 59. The Committee on Public Information a. was directed by William Jennings Bryan. b. protected civil liberties. c. was the government’s attempt to shape public opinion. d. was affiliated with the Socialist Party. e. was limited in its efforts.