Grid Interop
Hitchhiker’s Guide To Interoperability November 7, 2007
Sempra Energy utilities Chris Chen, Enterprise Architect Terry Mohn, Technology Strategist
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GridWise Architecture Council •
Who
• Respected experts • Volunteers • Cross-sector organizations
Becker Capital Drummond Group • What Electricite de France • Principles of interaction Energy Control, Inc. • Interoperability EnerNex IBM Advocating Infotility Facilitating Invensys Eye on the Future KEMA Northwestern Univ Silverstein Consulting The Electricity Community Southern Calif. Edison The future is in the linkage of sectors across the electricity Tennessee Valleychain. Authority 2
DOE GridWise Program
Scope Apply advances in information/communication/control technologies to transform the electric system into a smart automatic network, with grid/market/customer price transparency Goal – intelligent & secure grid Power Quality
Flexible
Affordable
Reliable
Efficient
Robust Adaptable 3
SelfHealing
Modernizing electric distribution into the information age
Major R&D Areas • Architecture & Communication Standards • Distribution Operations, Automation & Load Management • Modeling & Simulation • Integrated Demonstration
What do we mean by “interoperability”?
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What do we mean by “interoperability”?
Interoperability is seamless, real-time communication and actionable information exchange between all players in the electricity chain
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Why is interoperability important?
Affects on the system integrator Affects on the business decision maker Affects on the policy-maker Affects on the technology provider/vendor Affects on the end-user
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Reduce Distance to Integrate
No standard exists, requires completely custom integration Interfaces can be transformed and/or mapped Party A
Party B
Interfaces use a common model ‘Plug and Play’ standard defined
Credit: Scott Neumann, UISol position paper 7
GWAC Mission - Interoperability
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Interoperable Software and Systems:
Organization/Human • Business process • Interrelations • Issues • Policies • Communities
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Information • Semantics • Syntax • Data • Business domains
Technical/ (systems) • Standards • Inter-connectivity • Compliance
• • • • • • • •
Reduces integration cost Reduces cost to operate Reduces capital IT cost Reduces installation cost Reduces upgrade cost Better security management More choice in products More price points & features
All items provide compounding benefits
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What do we mean by “Framework”?
• Framework organizes concepts and
• •
provides common context and terms for discussion of detailed technical aspects of interoperability Model identifies a particular problem space and defines a technology independent analysis of requirements Design maps model requirements into a particular family of solutions
•
Uses standards and technical approaches
• Solution manifests a design into a particular developer software technology
•
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Ensures adherence to designs, models, and frameworks.
Borrowed from NEHTA: Australian National EHealth Transition Authority
Important roles within the framework
Recognizing various roles impact decision making • The role of terminology • Are we talking about technology or business processes? • Need agreement from the participants what we are talking about.
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The role of domains (and authority)
• •
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Areas of influence and responsibility Delivering actionable results
The role of standards and where they fit
• • •
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Significant for the technology consumer (i.e. utility) Impact product availability Widely discussed amongst all stakeholders
System Integration Philosophy
• Agreement at the interface • •
Create an interaction contract Terms and conditions, consequences for failure to perform…
• Boundary of authority •
Respect privacy of internal aspects on either side of the interface (technology choice and processes)
• Decision making in very large networks • • •
Decentralized/autonomous decision-making Multi-agent v. hierarchical approach Addresses scalability, evolutionary change, eases integration
• Role of standards in the framework • •
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Encourages standards for improving interoperation Agnostic to specific standards and technologies
Framework Inspirations NEHTA Interop Framework
Layers of Coalition Interoperability OSI Stack
7 Application 6
Presentation
5
Session
4
Transport
3
Network
2
Data Link
1
Physical
A. Tolk, Beyond Technical Interoperability, 8th CCRTS, National Defense University, Jun 03
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Framework Categories
Pragmatic aspects of interoperation
• • •
Organizational • Policy and business drivers Informational • The information exchanged and its meaning Technical • Syntax or format of information
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Interoperability Categories 8: Economic/Regulatory Policy
Organizational (Pragmatics)
7: Business Objectives
Strategic and Tactical Objectives Shared between Businesses
6: Business Procedures
Alignment between Operational Business Processes and Procedures
5: Business Context
Informational (Semantics)
Technical (Syntax)
Relevant Business Knowledge that Applies Semantics with Process Workflow
4: Semantic Understanding
Understanding of Concepts Contained in the Message Data Structures
3: Syntactic Interoperability
Understanding of Data Structure In Messages Exchanged between Systems
2: Network Interoperability
Exchange Messages between Systems across a Variety of Networks
1: Basic Connectivity 14
Political and Economic Objectives as Embodied in Policy and Regulation
Mechanism to Establish Physical and Logical Connectivity of Systems
E
E+I
I
Example: Demand Pricing Signal
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Economic/Regulatory Policy
• PUC issues retail real-time price signal policy
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Business Objectives
• Electricity retailer objectives align with building services providers to aggregate demand • Building owners choose service provider with package that best meets their needs
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Business Procedures
• Hour ahead price sent by electricity retailer to building service providers, acknowledgement returned with forecast next hour demand
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Business Context
• Tailored portion of CIM, e.g., model building and energy price information
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Semantic Understanding
• IEC 61968/61970 Common Information Model (CIM) in W3C OWL
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Syntactic Interoperability
• SOAP messaging, UDDI registry and discovery, XML
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Network Interoperability
• TCP/IPsec
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Basic Connectivity
• IEEE 802.11 wireless mesh network to building controller
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Cross-cutting issues
• • • • • • • • • •
Shared Meaning of Content Resource Identification Time Synchronization and Sequencing Security and Privacy Logging and Auditing Transaction and State Management System Preservation Performance, Reliability, and Scalability Discovery and Configuration System Evolution 16
Framework Areas of Investigation
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Example: Cross-cutting
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Resource Identification • names have duplicates, • we have driver's licenses, passports, health cards • we're always filling in user ids for every website we do business. System Preservation • if something fails, don't lean on others unless you know they're prepared to handle it.
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Discovery and configuration • look for and arrange a rental car • unless agreements are clearly stated and support mechanisms supported, then interoperation gets messed up.
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Grid Interop Forum
Workshop + v1.0
Constitution
Impact
Phased Progression
Interoperability Culture
Community Interoperability Awareness
Foundation Phases Introductory Phases Time
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Future Framework Material
Interoper ability Ca tegories
Interoper ability Ca tegories
Cr os s-c utting Iss ue s
S ystem P reser vation
S ystem E volutio n
S ecurit y & P rivacy
Logg ing & Au diting
Tr ansaction & S tate Mg t
Resource I dentific ation
Discover y & Conf igur ation
S har ed Meaning of Conten t
Tim e Synch & S equen cing
2: Net work I nteroperabi lit y
Per for mance/Reliability/S calabilit y
3: Syntact ic I nterope rab ilit y
4: Semant ic Underst andin g
Te chn ic al
5: Busi ness Cont ext In fo rmat ion al
1: Basic Connecti vi ty
7: Business O bjecti ves 6: Business Procedures
S ystem E volutio n
S ecurit y & P rivacy
Logg ing & Au diting
Tr ansaction & S tate Mg t
Resource I dentific ation
Or ga niza tio na l
Discover y & Conf igur ation
S har ed Meaning of Conten t
Tim e Synch & S equen cing
S ystem P reser vation
2: Net work I nteroperabi lit y
3: Syntact ic I nterope rab ilit y
5: Busi ness Cont ext 4: Semant ic Underst andin g
Te chn ic al
Cr os s-c utting Iss ue s
8 : Economic/ Regulat ory Policy
7: Business O bjecti ves 6: Business Procedures
In fo rmat ion al
Per for mance/Reliability/S calabilit y
8 : Economic/ Regulat ory Policy Or ga niza tio na l
Interoper ability Ca tegories
1: Basic Connecti vi ty
Cr os s-c utting Iss ue s
Interoper ability Ca tegories
Cr os s-c utting Iss ue s
System Preser vation
System E volutio n
Secur ity & P rivacy
Lo gging & Auditing
T ransactio n & S tate Mgt
Resour ce Identific ation
Disco ver y & Con figur ation
Sh ared Meanin g of Conten t
Time S ynch & S equen cing
P erfo rmance/Reliability/S calability
2: Net work I nteroperabi lit y
5: Busi ness Cont ext 4: Semant ic Underst andin g 3: Syntact ic I nterope rab ilit y Te chn ic al
7: Business O bjecti ves 6: Business Procedures
In fo rmat ion al
8 : Economic/ Regulat ory Policy Or ga niza tio na l
1: Basic Connecti vi ty
(windows onto the Framework)
System Preser vation
Secur ity & P rivacy
Lo gging & Auditing
T ransactio n & S tate Mgt
System E volutio n
Resour ce Identific ation
Disco ver y & Con figur ation
Time S ynch & S equen cing
Sh ared Meanin g of Conten t
P erfo rmance/Reliability/S calability
2: Net work I nteroperabi lit y
5: Busi ness Cont ext 4: Semant ic Underst andin g 3: Syntact ic I nterope rab ilit y Te chn ic al
7: Business O bjecti ves 6: Business Procedures
In fo rmat ion al
Or ga niza tio na l
8 : Economic/ Regulat ory Policy
Executive Summaries
1: Basic Connecti vi ty
FRAMEWORK Interoperability Categories
Cross-cutting Issues
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Interoper ability Ca tegories
tools
System Preser vation
T ransactio n & S tate Mgt
Secur ity & P rivacy
Lo gging & Auditing
System E volutio n
Resour ce Identific ation
Disco ver y & Con figur ation
Time S ynch & S equen cing
Sh ared Meanin g of Conten t
2: Net work I nteroperabi lit y
P erfo rmance/Reliability/S calability
5: Busi ness Cont ext 4: Semant ic Underst andin g 3: Syntact ic I nterope rab ilit y Te chn ic al
7: Business O bjecti ves 6: Business Procedures
In fo rmat ion al
1: Basic Connecti vi ty
1: Basic Connectivity
checklists
Cr os s-c utting Iss ue s
8 : Economic/ Regulat ory Policy Or ga niza tio na l
System Preservation
System Evolution
Transaction & State Mgt
Discovery & Configuration
Logging & Auditing
Security & Privacy
2: Network Interoperability
Time Synch & Sequencing
3: Syntactic Interoperability
Performance/Reliability/Scalability
4: Semantic Understanding
Actionable Companion Documents
Resource Identification
5: Business Context Informational
Technical
Shared Meaning of Content
7: Business Objectives 6: Business Procedures
Grid Interop Papers (technical expertise)
Organizational
8: Economic/Regulatory Policy
Architecture Documents
scenarios
…
Beyond the Grid-Interop Forum
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Engage larger community to advance interoperability • Review proposals from action roundtables • Select projects/efforts to improve interoperability • Collaborate with other groups with stakeholder balance Review body for designs of smart grid interactions • GridApp, IntelliGrid, MGI, DOE as requested Initiate tools to advance interoperability • Framework and checklist companion material • Articulate cross-cutting issues • Interoperability landscape (players, interfaces, technologies/stds) Governance of material • Constitution principles, framework, checklist, etc. 21
Next Session
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Decision-maker’s checklist review in next session DecisionMakers’ Checklist 1. 2. 3.
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Questions
Chris Chen -
[email protected] Terry Mohn -
[email protected]
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