History of Colonial Latin America: Transformations from the Conquest through Independence Spring 2012 HIST 743.001 Prof. Susanne Eineigel 53 Washington Square South, Rm. 512 Office hours: MW 12:15-1:15 PM Email: [email protected]

Meets: MW 11:00 AM-12:15 PM Bldg: 25W4 Room: C-20

The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the colonial origins of the Latin American region from the sixteenth-century conquest through the early nineteenth-century wars of independence. The course will focus on the ramifications of colonial social conflict and dynamics of gender, race, and class. Course materials will include primary and secondary historical texts and visual sources including film and documentaries. All these sources are intended to stimulate critical thinking and historical imagination about colonial Latin America. *All readings must be done by Thursday’s class in preparation for discussion Week 1 (Jan. 23, 25) Atlantic World Before the Conquest  The Iberian World in the Late Fifteenth Century  Atlantic Africa in the Fifteenth Century Reading: Stuart Schwartz, ed. Victors and Vanquished: Spanish and Nahua Views of the Conquest of Mexico (Bedford/St.Martin’s, 2000), pp. 1-81. Week 2 (Jan. 30, Feb. 1) First Encounters  Conquest of Tainos  Colonial Caribbean Reading: Victors and Vanquished, pp. 82-162 “Two Woodcuts,” in Kenneth Mills, William B. Taylor, and Sandra Lauderdale Graham, eds., Colonial Latin America: A Documentary History (Scholarly Resources, 2002), pp. 78-83. Week 3 (Feb. 6, 8) The Age of Conquest I  The Mexica (Aztecs)  The Fall of Tenochtitlán Readings: Victors and Vanquished, pp. 163-243 Inga Clendinnen, “The Cost of Courage in Aztec Society,” Past and Present 107: 44-89, 1985. Week 4 (Feb. 13, 15) The Age of Conquest II  The Inka  The Death of Atawalpa

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Reading: Steve J. Stern, Peru’s Indian Peoples and the Challenge of Spanish Conquest (University of Wisconsin Press, 1993), pp. xv-xix, 3-79. *FEB. 15 - PAPER #1 DUE Week 5 (Feb. 22) Early Crises and Conquest of Brazil NO CLASS FEB. 20  Demographic collapse and ecological distress  Colonial Brazil Reading: Excerpts from Colonial Latin America: A Documentary History, pp. 43-58; 104-112; 113116. Elinor G. K. Melville, “Land Use and the Transformation of the Environment,” in The Cambridge Economic History of Latin America. Vol. 1 The Colonial Era, eds. VictorBulmer Thomas, John H. Coatsworth, and Roberto Cortés Conde, pp. 109-142. Bartolomé de las Casas, A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies [1542] (Penguin, 1992), pp. 3-36. Excerpts from Montesinos, Las Casas, Ginés de Sepúlveda, and De la Torre, in Benjamin Keen, ed., Latin American Civilization: History and Society, 1492 to the Present (Westview, 1991), pp. 64-73, 108-110. Week 6 (Feb. 27, 29) New Social and Economic Order  Land, Labor, and Market Regimes  Imperial Organization and Administration Reading: Steve Stern, Peru’s Indian Peoples and the Challenge of Spanish Conquest, pp. 80-193. Week 7 (March 5, 7) Spiritual Conquest  Role and Reception of Christianity  The Colonial Church Reading: Kathryn Burns, Colonial Habits: Convents and the Spiritual Economy of Cuzco, Peru (Duke University Press, 1999), pp. 15-131. “Confessing to the Holy Office of the Inquisitions,” CLA, pp. 234-245. Week 8

SPRING RECESS (March 12-17)

Week 9 (March 19, 21) Societies of Caste and Class  Evolution of Colonial Societies  Race, Castas, and Class Reading: James H. Sweet, Recreating Africa, Culture, Kinship, and Religion in the Africa-Portuguese World, 1441-1770 (University of North Carolina Press, 2003), pp. 13-83. “Two Castas Paintings from Eighteenth-Century Mexico,” CLA, pp. 360-365. Week 10 (March 26, 28)

Slave Societies

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 Slavery and the plantation complex  Forms of Slave Resistance Reading: James Sweet, Recreating Africa, pp. 84-188. Stuart Schwartz, “Resistance and Accommodation in Eighteenth-Century Brazil: The Slaves’ View of Slavery,” Hispanic American Historical Review 57/1 (1977): 68-81. Week 11 (April 2, 4) The Family and Society  Family as Foundation of Colonial Society  The Culture of Honor Reading: “Brazilian Slaves Who Marry,” CLA, pp. 372-374. “Two Brazilian Wills,” CLA, pp. 375-383. Chapters in Lyman L. Johnson and Sonya Lipsett-Rivera, eds. The Faces of Honor: Sex, Shame and Violence in Colonial Latin America (University of New Mexico Press, 1998), pp. 18-44; 68-102; 127-151. *APRIL 4 – PAPER #2 DUE Week 12 (April 9, 11) Imperial Expansion and Colonial Reform  Bourbon and Pombaline Reforms  The Emergence of the Periphery in Spanish America Reading: Excerpts from Colonial Latin America: A Documentary History, pp. 309-313; 316-319. Sinclair Thomson, We Alone Will Rule: Native Andean Politics in the Age of Insurgency, pp. 163-177, 186-209. Pamela Voekel, “Peeing on the Palace: Bodily Resistance to Bourbon Reforms in Mexico City,” Journal of Historical Sociology 5/2 (June 1992): 183-208. Week 13 (April 16, 18) Political Crisis and Indian Revolution  Andean insurgency  Iberian Political Crisis Reading: “Túpac Amaru I, Remembered,” CLA, pp. 390-394 Charles Walker, Smoldering Ashes: Cuzco and the Creation of Republican Peru, 1780-1840 (Duke University Press, 1999), pp. 16-83. Laurent Dubois, Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution (Belknap Press, 2005), pp. 1-90. Week 14 (April 23, 25) Slave Resistance and Revolution  The Revolution of St. Domingue Reading: Laurent Dubois, Avengers of the New World, pp. 91-208. Week 15 (April 30, May 2) The Meaning of Independence  Creole Elites  Independence Wars in Spanish America Reading: 3

Charles Walker, Smoldering Ashes, pp. 84-120. Simón Bolívar, “The Angostura Address,” in Simón Bolívar, The Bolivarian Revolution, Matthew Brown, ed. (Verso, 2009), pp. 77-107. Laurent Dubois, Avengers of the New World, pp. 209-280. *MAY 2 – PAPER #3 DUE Week 16 (May 7) LAST DAY OF CLASS

Concluding Points

FINAL EXAM: Monday, May 14 10:00 – 11:50 AM Readings – All required texts are available at the NYU bookstore and on reserve at Bobst Library. For those who would like background information in the form of a textbook, Mark Burkholder and Lyman Johnson’s Colonial Latin America (7th ed., Oxford, 2010) is also available at the bookstore and on reserve at Bobst. Requirements – The course requirements are participation, three essays, and a final exam. Grades – The final grade will be determined, on a hundred-point scale, based on the cumulative number of points for each of the requirements. The value of individual requirements is the following: Participation Essay #1 Essay #2 Essay #3 Final

= 20 points = 20 points = 20 points = 20 points = 20 points

Participation – Participation will be graded based on 4 criteria: 1) Attendance at all classes. 2) Reading weekly assignment before Thursday’s class. 3) Participation in open discussion. 4) Six response (1-2 pages in length) papers to the weekly reading at the start of class on Thursdays. You may outline your own reaction to the reading (for example, insights gained or criticism of the text) or you may frame a question or problem generated by the reading. Your responses will not be graded, but if you fail to submit the six required, it will affect your participation grade. Essays – Three papers, 5-7 pp. in length, are due: Feb. 15, April 4, May 2. Paper #1 is a comparative analysis of 2-3 documents found in Victors and Vanquished. Paper #2 provides a critical analysis of slave societies and/or race in colonial Latin America. Paper #3 analyzes Indian or slave uprisings in light of the late colonial period. All papers will be expected to draw from the primary and secondary sources read in class. Papers are due by the start of class on the due date. I am happy to read drafts of your essays if you give them to me at least 72 hours prior to the due date. Further details about the content of the assignments will be discussed as we approach the deadlines.

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Final Exam – The exam will addresses significant issues raised in readings, lectures, visual materials, or group discussion. It asks you to reflect on larger processes or problems while drawing on specific historical evidence we have looked at. Academic Integrity – Academic integrity is extremely important. All instances of plagiarism, cheating, and breaches of academic integrity will be punished. The CAS policy will be reviewed in class and will be posted on our Blackboard site. At the very least, an instance of plagiarism or breach of academic integrity will result in your grade on that assignment being reduced to an “F” and scored at 0 (zero) points. Depending on the nature of the breach, I also reserve the right to pursue further punishment as outlined in the CAS Policy.

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