HiPer® Lymphocyte Separation Teaching Kit

Product Code: HTI010 Number of experiments that can be performed: 5 Duration of Experiment: Protocol: 2 hours

Storage Instructions:
The kit is stable for 6 months from the date of receipt
Store Lymphocyte Separation Media at 2-8oC
Other reagents can be stored at room temperature (15-25oC)

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Index

Sr. No.

Contents

Page No.

1

Aim

3

2

Introduction

3

3

Principle

3

4

Kit Contents

4

5

Materials Required But Not Provided

5

6

Storage

5

7

Important Instructions

5

8

Procedure

5

9

Observation and Result

6

10

Interpretation

6

11

Troubleshooting Guide

7

2

Aim: To separate lymphocytes from human blood using density gradient media.

Introduction: The Lymphocyte Separation Medium (LSM) is an iso-osmotic, low viscosity medium containing polysucrose and sodium diatrizoate adjusted to a density of 1.0770 +/- 0.0010 g/ml. This medium offers a quick and reliable method for the simple isolation of human mononuclear cells and lymphocytes from defibrinated EDTA human blood.

Principle: White blood cells (WBCs), or leukocytes (also spelled "leucocytes"), are cells of the immune system involved in defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials. Five different and diverse types of leukocytes exist, but they are all produced and derived from a multipotent cell in the bone marrow known as a hematopoietic stem cell. Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including the blood and lymphatic system. There are several different types of white blood cells. They all have many things in common, but are all distinct in form and function. A major distinguishing feature of some leukocytes is the presence of granules; white blood cells are often characterized as granulocytes or agranulocytes as shown in the following table:

Microscopic appearance

Type

Diagram

Nucleus

Neutrophil

Multilobed

Eosinophil

Bi-lobed

Granulocytes Basophil

Bi-lobed or tri-lobed

Lymphocyte Eccentric Agranulocytes

Monocyte Kidney bean shaped

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The first step in studying lymphocytes is to isolate them so that their behavior can be analyzed in vitro. Lymphocytes are present in blood, peritoneal exudates or lymphoid organs mixed with other cells. Human lymphocytes can be isolated most readily from peripheral blood. A pure population of lymphocytes can be obtained by various separation procedures. Isolation of lymphocytes is based on the adapted centrifugation method of Boyum in which diluted defibrinated blood is layered on a solution of sodium diatrizoate and polysucrose and centrifuged at low speeds for 30 minutes. Differential migration following centrifugation results in the formation of several cell layers. Mononuclear cells (lymphocytes and monocytes) and platelets are contained in the banded plasma-LSM interphase due to their density, and the pellet that is formed contains mostly erythrocytes and granulocytes, which have migrated through the gradient to the bottom of the tube. Most extraneous platelets are removed by low speed centrifugation during the washing steps. Lymphocytes or other mononuclear cells (monocytes or mesenchymal stromal cells) or granulocytes are recovered by aspirating the plasma layer and then removing the cells. Excess platelets, LSM and plasma can then be removed by cell washing with isotonic diluent buffer.

(Buffy coat)

Fig1: After differential centrifugation lymphocytes and monocytes are found in the buffy coat.

Kit Contents: HiPer® Lymphocyte Separation Teaching Kit enables separation of lymphocyte by using density gradient media. Table 1: Enlists the materials provided in this kit with their quantity and recommended storage Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Product Code LS001 PW144 CG281 TKC219 S011 RM9971 TCL005

Materials Provided HiSep LSM 1077 Centrifuge Tube (15 ml) Polypropylene Tube (0.5 ml) Diluent Buffer Giemsa’s Stain Cedar wood Oil Trypan Blue (0.5%)

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Quantity 5 expts 15 ml 6 Nos. 6 Nos. 60 ml 3 ml 0.3 ml 0.3 ml

Storage 2-8oC RT RT 2-8oC RT RT RT

Materials Required But Not Provided: Reagents: 70% Alcohol/ Spirit, Methanol Other requirements: EDTA/Heparin coated collection tube, Cotton, Glass pasteur pipettes, Hemocytometer, Microscopic slides, Coverslips, Micropipettes & Tips

Storage: HiPer® Lymphocyte Separation Teaching Kit is stable for 6 months from the date of receipt without showing any reduction in performance. On receipt, store the HiSep LSM 1077 and Diluent Buffer at 2-8oC. Other contents can be stored at room temperature (15-25oC)

Important Instructions: 1.

Before starting the experiment the entire procedure has to be read carefully.

2.

Always use fresh anticoagulated blood while performing the experiment.

3.

Set the brake of the centrifuge machine to OFF mode.

4.

Perform the experiment within 2 hours of blood collection.

Procedure: Lymphocyte Layer Separation and viability count: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7.

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Collect 4 ml of blood in the EDTA/Heparin coated collection tube, using sterile syringe and needle. Mix immediately by inverting or vigorously shaking the tube for EDTA to be uniformly distributed. Dilute the blood by adding 4 ml of diluent buffer. Take 2.5 ml of HiSep LSM 1077 in a new 15 ml centrifuge tube. Overlay the LSM with 7.5 ml of diluted blood. Centrifuge at 2300 rpm for 30 minutes in a fixed angle rotor. (If swinging bucket rotor is used centrifuge at 1600 rpm). NOTE: Always keep the brake off during centrifugation. Using a clean glass pasteur pipette carefully remove the lymphocyte layer in a new collection tube. Add 5 ml of diluent buffer to the lymphocyte layer. Mix by gentle pipetting and centrifuge at 1900 rpm for 10 minutes NOTE: This step helps to reduce the number of platelets. Discard the supernatant obtained from above step. Resuspend the pellet in 500 µl of diluent buffer. Take 10 µl from above step in new collection tube and add 40 µl of diluent buffer and 50 µl of Trypan Blue. Place a coverslip on the Neubauer chamber of the haemocytometer. Cover one side of the Neubauer chamber of the haemocytometer with the sample. Observe and count the live and dead cells under 45X magnification in a light microscope.

Differential Staining: 1. 2.

Spin the tube from step 9 at 2300 rpm for 10 minutes. Discard the entire supernatant leaving around 50 µl in the tube.

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3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Resuspend the pellet in the same solution and make a smear on a microscopic slide. Air dry the slide for 5-10 minutes. Add 5-10 ml of methanol to cover the slide. This step helps in fixing the cells onto the slide. Discard the methanol carefully. Add 15 ml of staining solution and incubate for 30 minutes at room temperature. Observe under oil emulsion lens and look for the lymphocytes and monocytes.

Observation and Result: Count the viable and dead cells under the microscope (in four WBC chambers of the haemocytometer) after trypan blue staining and record your data as in the following table: Viable cells (cells without dye)

Dead cells (cells with dye)

Calculate the number of total cells as follows: Area of one WBC chamber = L X H 1mm X 1mm = 1mm2 Depth of Haemocytometer is 0.1mm Hence Volume of 1 WBC chamber = Area X Depth = 1mm X 0.1mm = 0.1mm3 If 4 WBC chambers are counted then volume of 4 WBC chambers is 4 X 0.1= 0.4mm3 Total no. of cells (cells/ml) =

Total cells_ X 1000 X Dilution Factor Volume of WBC chamber

= =

Total cells X 1000 X 5 0.4mm3 cells / ml

Count the percentage of isolated lymphocytes, monocytes and total granulocytes under the microscope after performing the differential staining and record it as in the following table: No. of total cells

No. of viable cells

Lymphocytes (%)

Monocytes (%)

Granulocytes (%)

Interpretation: After performing the lymphocyte separation procedure by using LSM, viable lymphocytes are isolated predominantly compared to granulocytes and monocytes.

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Troubleshooting Guide: Sr.No.

Problem

Possible Cause

Solution

1

Buffy coat is not formed

Blood sample is not of good quality

Blood should be collected asceptically in the presence of EDTA or Heparin and should be processed within 2 hours of collection

2

RBC contamination in the buffy coat

Washing is not done properly

Follow the washing steps exactly as mentioned

3

Higher percentage of dead cells

Cell counting was not done immediately after trypan blue staining

Cell counting should be done immediately after doing the trypan blue staining

Technical Assistance: At HiMedia we pride ourselves on the quality and availability of our technical support. For any kind of technical assistance mail at [email protected] PIHTI010_O/0514

HTI010-03

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