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“Himatnagar Solid Waste Management” Nisha Pramanik 1, Abhishek Pindiwala2 1 P.G. Student (Geomatics), CEPT University Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus University Road, Navrangpura 2 P.G. Student (Geomatics), CEPT University Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus University Road, Navrangpura
Abstract: A city never grows in a single day but eventually sprawls day by day, as the decade’s passes by population increases rapidly. Urban Sprawling have had impact on the citizen, issues are directly proportional to population. More the population more will be the waste generation. As per the government norms, per person 0.3 kg waste generated per day. Managing such large quantity every day is hectic issue. The case study of Himmatnagar city, Gujarat has been included for the paper. Himmatnagar has a population of 81,176 coming under the category ‘B’ of municipality. A Municipality is usually an urban administrative division having corporate status and usually powers of self-government. “Municipal GIS”, a GIS software which can be used to retrieve and utitlity information of municipality, keeping a wide variety of data and record and helps to take decision. This paper deals with the integration of solid waste management with the help of geographical information system (GIS) and developing a smart way to handle all the waste by route planning of the waste collection van across the city and depositing in a new landfill site. With the help of network analyst tool, route planning was appropriately completed for the waste collection van. A landfill site last for 25 years, after that it’s not recommended to use it with geoprocessing tools and spatial analyst, a new landfill site has been deduced. A smart management of the waste generated in the city has result in collaboration which can help to give a new perception to see a city.
About the Author:
Ms. Nisha Pramanik A 2nd year Post graduate student of Mtech Geomatics in Center for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT) University, Ahmedabad. With a B.E (Civil) degree from Shantilal shah Engineering College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat. Interested in GIS and its application and using it for better future. E mail ID:
[email protected] Contact: +91 7622035813
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Introduction Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from combined residential, industrial and commercial activities in a given area. It may be categorised according to its origin (domestic, industrial, commercial, construction or institutional); according to its contents (organic material, glass, metal, plastic paper etc.); or according to hazard potential (toxic, non-toxin, flammable, radioactive, infectious etc.) (cyen, Solid waste management) Management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) continues to remain one of the most neglected areas of urban development in India. Magnitude and density of urban population in India is increasing rapidly and consequently the civic bodies are facing considerable difficulties in providing adequate services such as supply of water, electricity, roads, education and public sanitation, including Municipal Solid Waste Management. Waste management involves the collection, transportation, processing, recycling or disposal and monitoring of waste materials.
Fig.1: Flowchart of waste Managements
As per estimates, 115,000 tons of solid waste are generated per day in the country. It is estimated that solid waste generated in small, medium and large cities and towns in India is about 0.1 kg, 0.3 – 0.4 kg and 0.5 kg per capita per day respectively. (ebtc, 2011) According to India’s constitution, Solid Waste Management (SWM) falls within the purview of the state government. In most of the Indian cities, the MSW collection, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal is carried out by the respective municipal corporations and the state governments enforce regulatory policies. The primary sources of municipal solid waste include waste generated in domestic, institutional, commercial activities, garden and municipal services. The domestic wastes are high in quantities and vary with time and season. It is generally comprised of organic and inorganic constituents. Now a days the quantity of organic waste is decreasing and the quality of metals, paper and plastics is increasing, indicating that there is growing preference for consumption of packaged food in recent years in modern society. The present system of solid waste management in India, like any other developing country, is fraught with many inadequacies in terms of treatment methods and techniques. Illegal dumping is a major problem of Page 2 of 7
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significant concerns with regard to human health, safety, property values in particular and quality of life in general urban societies.
(Chavan, 2013)
Nowadays apart from municipality, private sectors are more involved in door-to-door collection, sweeper sweeping off the road. Some private firms are carrying out Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management (IMSWM) which includes collection, segregation & transportation, treatment, compost, bio-meth nation, refuse derived fuel, and final disposal.
Source: Asnani Fig 2 Waste quantity & waste generation rate
Literature & Methodology Rules published as per MSW-2000: Every municipal authority shall, within the territorial area of the municipality, be responsible for the implementation of the provisions of these rules, and for any infrastructure development for collection, storage, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid wastes. Collection of municipal solid: • Organizing house-to-house collection of municipal solid wastes through any of the methods, like community bin collection (central bin), house-to-house collection and collection on regular preinformed timings and scheduling by using bell ringing of musical vehicle. Page 3 of 7
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• Wastes from slaughter houses, meat and fish markets, fruits and vegetable markets, which are biodegradable in nature, shall be managed to make use of such wastes. • Bio-medical wastes and industrial wastes shall not be mixed with municipal solid wastes and such wastes shall follow the rules separately specified for the purpose. • Stray animals shall not be allowed to move around waste storage facilities or at any other place in the city or town and shall be managed in accordance with the State laws. Storage of municipal solid wastes: • Storage facilities shall be created and established by taking into account quantities of waste generation in a given area and the population densities. A storage facility shall be so placed that it is accessible to users. • Storage facilities shall be so designed that wastes stored are not exposed to open atmosphere and shall be aesthetically acceptable and user-friendly • Storage facilities or ‘bins’ shall have ‘easy to operate’ design for handling, transfer and transportation of waste. Bins for storage of bio-degradable wastes shall be painted green, those for storage of recyclable wastes shall be printed white and those for storage of other wastes shall be printed black. • Manual handling of waste shall be prohibited. If unavoidable due to constraints, manual handling shall be carried out under proper precaution with due care for safety of workers. Transportation of municipal waste: • Vehicles used for transportation of wastes shall be covered. Waste should not be visible to public, nor exposed to open environment preventing their scattering. • The storage facilities set up by municipal authorities shall be daily attended for clearing of wastes. The bins or containers wherever placed shall be cleaned before they start overflowing. Processing of municipal waste: • The biodegradable wastes shall be processed by composting, vermicomposting, anaerobic digestion or any other appropriate biological processing for stabilization of wastes. • Mixed waste containing recoverable resources shall follow the route of recycling. Incineration with or without energy recovery including palletisation can also be used for processing wastes in specific cases. Disposal of Municipal waste: Land filling shall be restricted to non-biodegradable, inert waste and other waste that are not suitable either for recycling or for biological processing. Land filling shall also be carried out for residues of waste processing facilities as well as pre-processing rejects from waste processing facilities. Land filling of mixed waste shall be avoided unless the same is found unsuitable for waste processing.
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Case Study Introduction: India is a country consisting 29 states and 7 union territories which is again bifurcated in districts and further more in taluka and villages. All of them have their own administrative and is divided on the basis of population of that area. This paper is based on the case study of Himatnagar. Himmatnagar is a taluka in Sabarkantha district situated in northern part of Gujarat, India. Himatnagar is a municipality in Sabarkantha district in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the administrative headquarters of the district. The town is on the bank of the river Hathmati. Its population is 81,176. In Himatnagar the basically 80% of the waste is collected by door to door collection and the other 20% is unattended. The door to door collection is done through tractors which are open. The hospital waste collection is given to a private company.
Fig 3: Study Area
Need for the new Landfill Site & Optimum Route: A landfill site is at a location away from city with accessibility to road so that it easy to transport waste from the city to the landfill site. This landfill site should be away from waterbodies, city so that it is not responsible for polluting the nearby areas as gases are released from the waste. Currently the Waste are dumped at Vermin-composite site at katwad road.
New Integrated Solid Waste Management: An inventory questionnaire was seeking the available data on solid waste generation, collection and disposal was prepared and used to collect information from officials of Himatnagar Municipal Corporation. Methodology is developed based on following steps: Step1: Collection of data about the Himatnagar. Page 5 of 7
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Step2: Study the existing system of SWM. Step3: To compile the data of the Himatnagar and create spatial and attribute data of it.
Optimum Route Planning: Digitizing the road network of the Himatnagar from the base map of ArcGIS software for the optimum route planning of the door to door waste collection.
First we had done the digitizing of the roads from the base map of Arc GIS software.
Then we have made the network dataset of the road network to find out the optimum route for the waste collection.
For the optimum route we also have to consider that the whole area or ward is covered so that the waste collection is done up to the mark so the municipality area will remain cleaned.
Thus after considering the criteria we are planning the optimum route using the network analyst toolset for some parts of the Himatnagar.
Fig 4 Road Network Of Himatnagar
Fig 5 Optimum Route of Waste Collection Vehicle- ward 1
New Landfill Site: Identifying the location of existing landfill site and after that according to the available data and criteria given in SWM Rule 2000 identifying the new landfill site.
• Thematic Map of Data Collected • Buffer Area for the required data • Conversion of vector data to raster data • Reclassify the ground water interpolation data • Weighted overlay of all the above data • Condition for the optimum landfill site
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Fig. 6 Existing Landfill Site
Fig 7 Proposed New Landfill Sites
Conclusion Optimum Route Planning is a basic necessity for transportation. To transport waste generated from the city to landfill site is not a difficult job but covering all the places in a ward, society etc. In the given case study the effort has been made to plan the transportation of waste with route planning so that it consumes less time covering all the areas and finding a new site.
References 1. A Case Study on Municipal Solid Waste Management in Solapur City, Maharashtra, India B.L.Chavan* , N.S. Zambare** a. International Journal of Research in Civil Engineering, Architecture & Design Volume 1, Issue 2, October-December, 2013, pp. 46-53, © IASTER 2013 www.iaster.com, ISSN Online: 2347-2855, Print: 2347-8284 2. www.cyen.org/innovaeditor/assets/Solid%20waste%20management.pdf 3. The Solid Waste Management Sector in India: an overview of research and activity , ebtc 2011 4. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT by P. U. Asnani 5. Solid Waste Management by UNEP 6. MSW-2000 by Central Pollution Control Board
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