HETEROGENEOUS MULTICORE PROCESSORS

HETEROGENEOUS MULTICORE PROCESSORS ALEXANDER VITKALOV ENGRC 350 November 21,2005 Vitkalov | Heterogeneous Multicore Processors 1 INTRODUCTION: BA...
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HETEROGENEOUS MULTICORE PROCESSORS

ALEXANDER VITKALOV ENGRC 350 November 21,2005

Vitkalov | Heterogeneous Multicore Processors

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INTRODUCTION: BASIC CONCEPTS ƒ Frequency ƒ Number of cycles per second. ƒ Higher frequency generally means higher performance.

ƒ Power ƒ Amount of work done per second. ƒ Proportional to frequency. ƒ Depends on the number of transistors.

ƒ Moore’s Law ƒ Performance of processors doubles every 18 months. Vitkalov | Heterogeneous Multicore Processors

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INTRODUCTION: ADVANCED CONCEPTS ƒ More on Moore. ƒ Some time in the next several years we get to some finite limits” – Gordon Moore, 1997 ƒ Theoretical limit to be reached by 2017.

ƒ Current Options ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ

65nm > Increased costs Utilize parallelism Hyperthreading Dual Core Processors

Moore's Law 1000000

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1975 1980

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INTRODUCTION: ADVANCED CONCEPTS ƒ Future Options ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ

Multicore Heterogeneous Programmable System on Chip

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PERFORMANCE COMPARISON ƒ Dual Core is roughly 30% faster than single core. ƒ Operates at a lower frequency. ƒ Much lower power consumption per core.

Overall Performance 25000

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0 Intel Pentium

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Intel AMD Athlon AMD Athlon Intel Pentium D FX-57 X2 Pentium M

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PERFORMANCE PER WATT COMPARISON ƒ Performance advantages of high end are marginal ƒ Dual Core outperforms Single Core ƒ Mobile architectures are still more efficient

Performance per Watt 400

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0 Intel Pentium

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Intel Pentium D

AMD Athlon AMD Athlon Intel FX-57 X2 Pentium M

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PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

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ADVANTAGES OF MULTICORE: COMPATIBILITY ƒ Heterogeneous cores can provide different levels of compatibility between the processors. ƒ More efficient designs at no expense in backward compatibility. ƒ Slower cores backward compatible cores can be combined with faster ones. ƒ Cores with different instruction sets can be combined through programmable layer that translates one into another.

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ADVANTAGES OF MULTICORE: COMPATIBILITY ƒ RISC ƒ Reduced Instruction Set Computer

ƒ Micro Instruction Set – ƒ Breaks RISC Instructions further into smaller pieces for faster processing

ƒ Translation Layer – ƒ Translates One Instruction Set into another.

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ADVANTAGES OF MULTICORE: EFFICIENCY ƒ Decreased Power Consumption ƒ Low power processors are usually more efficient. ƒ Heterogeneous cores can provide balance between performance and power consumption.

ƒ Application Specific Instruction Sets ƒ Higher efficiency ƒ Higher performance Vitkalov | Heterogeneous Multicore Processors

Performance per Watt 250

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Dual Core

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ADVANTAGES OF MULTICORE: FUNCTIONALITY ƒ Application Specific Instruction Sets ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ

High performance cores Specialized Instruction Set for each core. Tailored for a specific application. High flexibility through software programmability. High performance at low power consumption. Multi-Media Applications.

ƒ Core Synthesis ƒ Combination of high performance and energy efficient cores. ƒ Select cores work for a specific application. ƒ Need a sophisticated communications bus.

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FEASIBILITY ƒ 90nm ƒ Current manufacturing process ƒ Good enough for dual core applications

ƒ 65nm ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ

Takes over 90nm in 2006 High initial costs Lower cost per chip 50% Smaller area More cores can be fit together on a die.

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WHY MULTICORE? ƒ Performance Advantages ƒ 10X Faster ƒ Can be tailored for specific application ƒ Truly parallel execution ƒ High performance mobile solutions

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WHY MULTICORE? ƒ Power Advantages ƒ 10X lower power consumption ƒ Enables thinner faster and lighter laptops ƒ Handtops – power of a computer on your palm ƒ 24 hour battery life ƒ Lower heat dissipation through decreased frequency.

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REFERENCES ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ

Intel Corporation: www.intel.com AMD Corporation: www.amd.com Tom’s Hardware Guide: www.tomshardware.com Computer Magazine: www.computer.org Specific References Available if Requested

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QUESTIONS?

ALEXANDER VITKALOV ENGRC 350 November 21,2005

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THANK YOU.

ALEXANDER VITKALOV ENGRC 350 November 21,2005

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