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MicroCHP meeting tomorrow’s power/heat demand and improving the integration of renewables Jan de Wit et al. Danish Gas Technology Centre www.dgc.dk
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Outline § Why this microCHP interest? § Does it work with renewables? § Are the products ready? § Are the markets ready? - Business models § A fuel cell based demonstration project § Challenges and Conclusion PowerGen 2013
Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s
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Cogeneration … small and large scale is an efficient and acknowledged principle for • Fuel savings • CO2 savings • Grid (electricity losses) savings
compared to separate production of heat and power
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MicroCHP might be the ”Next-Generation Boiler”
From: ”The Dutch Way” … (Henk Sijbring/Hans Overdiep-GasTerra, NL)
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MicroCHP … how …? Heating efficiency %
microCHP Heating Efficiency (incl. benefit for fuel saved elsewhere at power-only plant)
400 350 300
Fuel Cell based Tech
250 200 150 Stirling Tech.
ICE Engines engines
100 50 0 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
microCHP Electrical Efficiency % PowerGen 2013
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New houses New standards, less heating - and more electricity needs
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Outline § Why this microCHP interest?
§ Does it work with renewables? § Are the products ready? § Are the markets ready? - Business models § A fuel cell based demonstration project § Challenges and conclusion PowerGen 2013
Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s
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Yes … § A heating storage unit is often included, ideal for solar heating coupling and for fluctuating loads. An electric heater might also be included (if surplus power is available). § Can work on hydrogen, green gasses etc. § Most microCHP techologies offer short start and stop time (power balancing opp.). PowerGen 2013
MicroCHP (FC) test unit seen at front. Heat storage unit seen at the rear. Solar heating coupled as well. Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s
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Outline § Why this microCHP interest? § Does it work with renewables?
§ Are the products ready? § Are the markets ready? - Business models § A fuel cell based demonstration project § Challenges and conclusion PowerGen 2013
Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s
SUSTAINABLE
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MicroCHP units – examples
Baxi Ecogen, Stirling engine Vaillant ecoPower 1.0 (Honda), internal combustion engine
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Outline § Why this microCHP interest? § Does it work with renewables? § Are the products ready?
§ Are the markets ready? - Business models § A fuel cell based demonstration project § Challenges and conclusion PowerGen 2013
Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s
SUSTAINABLE
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Are the markets ready? § The houses are there
ü
§ Water based heating systems are predominant
ü
§ Many houses are connected to the gas grid, almost all are connected to the power distribution grid ü
§ Power sales tariffs and tariff structures
K
§ Grid owner acceptance, smooth application etc. § Ownership/risk sharing models to be developed PowerGen 2013
K K Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s
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Business models, examples § Full private ownership § Equipment lease § Third-party ownership and service § Third-party ownership, service and operation (Virtual Power Plant)
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Outline § Why this microCHP interest? § Does it work with renewables? § Are the products ready? § Are the markets ready? - Business models
§ A fuel cell based demonstration microCHP project § Challenges and conclusion PowerGen 2013
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Project Partners & Test Sites
Varde N-gas FC test site Lolland, H2 FC test site PowerGen 2013
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The ”Danish MicroCHP Project” MicroCHP based on fuel cells (3-5 FC types, 2 fuels)
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First-, second- and third-generation IRD µCHP (FC based)
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Hydrogen production and grid Electrolyser & H2 tank 2×10 Nm3/h
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Gas distribution system Approx. 500 m, 4 bar
Consumer pressure reduction installation
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The natural gas fuelled test sites > 125,000 hours of total operation time achieved in heating season 2012/2013 (20 installations)
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CO2 savings Examples from the Danish demonstration project Location: ”Varde” (natural gas fired unit) • > 2 tonnes CO2 per year Location : ”Lolland”, hydrogen fuelled and based on 100 % surplus wind power: • 4½ tonnes CO2 at 6000 hours per year pr unit. An average household emits • approx. 6-10 tonnes CO2 per year
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Outline § Why this microCHP interest? § Does it work with renewables? § Are the products ready? § Are the markets ready? - Business models § A fuel cell based demonstration project
§ Challenges and conclusion PowerGen 2013
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Challenges § Unit price is often quite high § Lifetime aspect, especially FC and Stirling based units.
§ Power sales tariffs and tariff structures § Grid owner acceptance, smooth application etc. § Ownership/risk sharing models to be developed
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Thank you for your kind attention ! and thanks to the Paper co-authors § Kristina F. Juelsgaard and Jens Jakobsen, SEAS-NVE § Laila G. Madsen, IRD Fuel Cell Technology § Mads Møller Melchiors & Morten Karlsen, Dantherm Power® § Aksel Hauge Pedersen, DONG Energy Renewables § Allan Jørgensen, DONG Energy § Michael Byllemos, Sydenergi
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