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IJECEAR Vol. 2, ISSUE 2, Feb. 2014

version to design our device to getEnergy a clear geometry Design and Simulation of bofMagnet based the device. Harvesting by Piezoelectric Cantilever using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3 b

J Suresh Babua*, M Venkata Sai Manojb, K Ashok Chowdaryc , Dr. K Srinivasa Raod a,b,c

d

III B.Tech. Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, LBRCE, Mylavaram,Andhra Pradesh,India Professor & Head of the department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, LBRCE, Mylavaram,Andhra Pradesh,India *Corresponding Author. Tel:+91 9966535723, E-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACT

II DEVICE CONSTRUCTION USING COMSOL

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is a technology which integrates electrical and mechanical Systems to form a microsystem. MEMS based energy harvesting is the process of extracting small amount of energy. In present days there is a lot of demand for power because the rate of usage is higher than its production, the only way to meet the demand with in the produced quantity is saving the energy , if we able to provide a self-generating energy source to small scale devices there will be no need to depend on external power, The designed model extracts electrical energy from magnetic field via piezoelectric effect. As, it is of micro sized and provides a clean and maintenance free energy it can act as an eminent power source.

I INTRODUCTION Energy harvesting is a technique of converting ambient energy into electrical energy which can be employed for small devices but we should keep in mind that the process of harvesting should be economical and long lasting and another challenge before us is size of the device, as we are employing these techniques to small scale devices we have to design this device in suitable size hence we have chosen the MEMS technology. Micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) is a process technology used to create tiny integrated devices or systems that combine mechanical and electrical components. They are fabricated using integrated circuit (IC) batch processing techniques and can range in size from a few micrometres to millimetres. These devices (or systems) have the ability to sense, control and actuate on the micro scale, and generate effects on the macro scale. But we don’t require all those as we are designing an energy harvesting device along with that we require a strong software to get a clear overview of the model at any point hence we have chosen comsolmultiphysics 4.3

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The piezoelectric device is basically made up of piezoelectric material this structure is arranged over a cantilever. The material used for the cantilever should be in such a way such that it could impend high flexibility during oscillations. Usually support is given by a basement structure. The magnet which is integrated to the tip of the cantilever beam helps the beam in deflection, now coming to the arrangement of magnetic structure which is responsible to the entire mechanism it should be arranged in such a way so that it could make the magnet which is attached to the cantilever to get attracted at regular intervals hence it should be in rotating mechanism and we have arranged this mechanism with a shaft arrangement from the exhaust fan, the magnet is arranged at alternate positions over wheel with poles facing upwards. III BOUNDARY CONDITIONS Cantilever beam: It is the main source to apply stress on the piezoelectric material hence it should be arranged over a fixed end and to make the beam oscillate the other end should be left free as shown in the figure 1, 2 Piezo solid model: It should be carefully placed in such a manner it should experience the maximum stress from the oscillating cantilever Magnetic material arrangement: We need two arrangements here: I. II.

At the tip of the free end of the cantilever beam to make it oscillate. Other magnet for attracting the magnet attached to the beam it is arranged over a rotating shaft

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IJECEAR Vol. 2, ISSUE 2, A. Mesh Meshing is a process of distributing the energy into equal parts. Here it is done using mapped Mesh which divides the model into domains and sub domains. A convert select is considered for the meshing interior region of the selected structure. To distribute the energy equally we apply the technique of meshing so that the energy is equally distributed. Complete mesh consists of 11544 domain elements, 5172 boundary elements, and 1261 edge elements. Which shown in figure 4.

FIGURE 1: PIEZOELECTRIC CANTILEVER WITH MAGNET AT TIP

FIGURE 4: AFTER APPLICATION OF MESH

IV WORKING

FIGURE 2: ROTATING MAGNETIC SHAFT

The general mechanism behind the working is the attraction and repulsion property of magnets.When the exhaust fan starts rotating the magnets present over it will attract the magnet which is suspended at the lower tip of the cantilever beam. This alternate attraction and repulsion makes the sensitive cantilever beam to oscillate, automatically this would impend the stress over the piezoelectric plate creates an imbalance in its charge distribution, resulting in an electric current or voltage then it is driven to the battery. V RESULTS & DISCUSSION B. For designed model: In this model we have used quartz material as piezoelectric material, the displacement in the piezoelectric material for the stress by cantilever

FIGURE 3: BASIC MODEL

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IJECEAR Vol. 2, ISSUE 2, Feb.

2014 results in the development of voltage or current which is shown below

FIGURE 7: DISPLACEMENT IN QUARTZ

C. For simulated models: Here the chance of improving the device is to change the piezoelectric materials as the entire mechanism remains the same.In simulation we are simply applying different types of piezo electric materials to the model and the results obtained is different for different materials which are given below FIGURE 5: MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY

D. For Rochelle salt:

FIGURE 6: POTENTIAL OBTAINED IN QUARTZ

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FIGURE 8: DISPLACEMENT IN ROCHELLE SALT

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FIGURE 9: POTENTIAL OBTAINED IN ROCHELLE SALT

E.For

Lead

Zirconate

Titanate

(PZT-5H):

FIGURE 10: DISPLACEMENT IN LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE (PZT-5H)

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FIGURE 11: POTENTIAL OBTAINED INLEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE (PZT-5H)

F.For Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT-2):

FIGURE 12: DISPLACEMENT IN LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE (PZT-2)

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FIGURE 13: POTENTIAL OBTAINED IN LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE (PZT-2)

FIGURE 15 : POTENTIAL OBTAINED IN ZINCOXIDE(ZNO)

G. For ZincOxide(ZnO):

Table I: Simulation results

Piezoelectric material

Displacement (µm)

Voltage (v)

Quartz

0.532

2.8255

Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT-2)

0.0793

2.8007

Zinc oxide

0.0737

2.7918

Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT-5H)

0.7639

2.7275

Rochelle salt

0.0603

2.2039

VI.CONCLUSION Designing an energy harvesting device using a permanent magnet helps us to develop an ecofriendly device as we are using a permanent magnet the chance of getting demagnetize is 1% for 100 years even though it is exposed to hot conditions within the device. The energy obtained is clean and maintenance free therefore it can be applied for long run uses. As the magnetic material is cheap it acts an eminent and economic power source.

FIGURE 14: DISPLACEMENT IN ZINCOXIDE(ZNO)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to thank Dr. K. Srinivasa Rao for helpful suggestions during modelling and simulations. REFERENCES [1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

B.G Sheeparamatti, J.S. Kadadevarmath, R.B.sheeparamatti, “Modelling of Microcantilever based nuclear microbatteries”, NSTI Nanotech-2008, 11th Annual Conference, 1-5 June 2008, Boston, USA. Suyog N Jagtap and Roy Paily, “Geometry Optimization of a MEMS-based Energy Harvesting Device” Proceeding of the 2011 IEEE Students' Technology Symposium 14-16 January, 2011, IIT Kharagpur. Hui Li, Amit Lal, James Blanchard, Douglass Henderson, “Self reciprocating radioisotope powered cantilever”, journal of applied physics, volume 92, and no.2, 15 July 2002, pp1122-1127. Goudara Ravi Prakash*, K. M. VinayakaSwamy, B. G. Sheeparamatti Simulation of Nuclear Radiation Based Energy Harvesting Device using Piezoelectric Transducer Proceedings of the 2011 COMSOL conference in Bangalore. Standard Specifications forpermanent materialsmagnetic materials producers association8 SOUTH MICHIGAN ANENUE • SUITE 1000 • CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60603MMPA STANDARD No. 0100-00.

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