HANDBOOK ON HERBAL MEDICINE: With Special Reference to Pharmacognostical studies of Indian Medicinal Plants

Editor Mr. Sridhar Ramachandran M.Sc(Bot.), M.Sc(Micro.), M.Ed., M.Phil (Micro.),CLTC, CRTI, DCA, PGDHE(IGNOU), FBSS, UGC-NET(Edn.),Ph.D (Edn.) Assistant Professor, Department of Biological Science, G.C.T.E, Chennai Fellowship, Boss Scientific Society, TNSRO, India National Member, IAMPV, BSS, TNSRO, SRUA International Member, APCBEES (Hong Kong), IAENG (China), ISID (USA) Hon’ble and Editorial Committee Member, Indian Journal of Natural Science Editor Review Committee, International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, USA Advisory Board Member, Review of Progress & Weekly Science International Research Journals, India

FIRST EDITION

LAXMI BOOK PUBLICATION 258/34, Raviwar Peth, Solapur-413005 Cell: +91 9595359435

Rs:

150 /-

“HANDBOOK ON HERBAL MEDICINE: With Special Reference to Pharmacognostical studies of Indian Medicinal Plants ” Mr. Sridhar Ramachandran

© 2015 by Laxmi Book Publication, Solapur All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN- 978-1-312-90741-6 Published by, Laxmi Book Publication, 258/34, Raviwar Peth, Solapur, Maharashtra, India. Contact No. : +91 9595 359 435 Website: http://www.isrj.org Email ID: [email protected]

Preface The usage of herbs tremendously increasing in the modern days throughout the world. Herbal medicine has become modern method of treatment of different kinds of diseases. However, proper scientific evaluation is needed for each and every herb/drug of herbal origin according to World Health Organisation. This book presents an overview of usage of selected Indian Medicinal Plants with special reference to their Pharmacognostical properties. An extremely brief account of Pharmacognostical properties of selected Indian medicinal plants had described in first edition of the Handbook on Herbal Medicine, with special reference to Pharmacognostical properties of selected Indian Medicinal plants. It provides detailed information particularly about the Medicinal uses of selected plants. This book is essential for College students who pursuing degree (undergraduate and post graduate level) in life science, distinctly in the field of plant science with herbal science/medicine specialization. It covers most of the syllabus taught in Botany major in Indian universities. I hope that it will act a suitable reference material for the academicians and scientists in the field of herbal science. The entire work has been presented in 8 chapters by eminent professors/academicians in the relevant field. We have taken utmost care and effort in preparing this herbal medicine book for the benefits of academicians and scientists especially in the field of herbal science. I hope that the book will fulfill the need of aspiring scholars, medical students, teachers and scientists Suggestions and comments on the book will be appreciated. Mr. Sridhar Ramachandran

[email protected]

Acknowledgement

It is my Privilege and golden opportunity to convey my heartfelt thanks to the Founder of Laxmi book publication and Executive Editor of internationally reputed journals, Dr. S. Ashok Yakkaldevi, M.A (Sociology)., M.A(English)., Ph.D., SET, Professor and Co-ordinator, Solapur university, for his acceptance to allocate book publication work to the benefit of our society. Also, I convey my sincere thanks to him for his valuable suggestions and encouragement regarding book publication. I sincerely acknowledge my special thanks to the Chapter authors Viz., Dr. V. Hemamalini, Dr. N. Aarthi, Dr. Tamilvendan Manavalan, Mr. Ambethkar B, Mrs. Divyadarshini A and Mr. B. Mohan Kumar for submitting chapters for publication part. I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to my beloved parents, Mr. B. Ramachandran and Mrs. Dhakshayini Ramachandran, my elder brother, Mr. R. Senthil M.Sc., My better half, Mrs. Sangeetha Sridhar M.Com and my friends who observed marvelous patience during my publication work and constant support forever. Finally, I would like to expresses the appreciation to Mr. S. Chandrasekar M.Sc., M.Ed., SLET (Life Sci.), PG Assistant in Biology, G.H.S.S, Govt. of Tamilnadu, India for drawing of medicinal plants in the natural way. Mr. Sridhar Ramachandran

About Editor Sridhar Ramachandran had qualified UGC-NET Lectureship in Education (2011), a University rank holder, has had higher education from Madras, Tamilnadu Teacher Education and PRIST Universities. He had contributed more than 10 research articles to National and International Journals. He had Gene Accession Numbers (GU479040 and JX444058) from GenBank, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), USA. He has published a book on ESBL (Clinical Bacteriology Book) by Excellent Publisher, India. He was a Chapter author in an ISBN edited Research bookContemporary Researches in Education (CRP), NAS publisher, Kerala, India. He was an honorable elected Editorial Committee Member (ECM) in an Internationally reputed Journal-Indian Journal of Natural Science [Impact factor (2013)-0.467, NAAS, Govt. of India Rated Journal, MJL Thomson Reuters, USA cited Zoological survey]. He is an active life member in International Association of Medical and Pharmaceutical Virologists. He has received fellowship title award from Boss Scientific Society which is affiliated to Tamilnadu Scientific Research organisation, India. Mr. Sridhar Ramachandran is associated with research work in Review of Progress -International Weekly Medical Research Journal [ISSN: 2321-3485] and Weekly Science-International Research Journal [ISSN No: 2321-7871] as an Advisory Board Member He is also affiliated to professional international society namely Asia pacific Chemical, Biological, Environmental Engineering Society, Hong Kong, International Society of Infectious Diseases (USA), International Association of ENG(AIDS/HIV), china He is currently pursuing his doctoral degree at Tamil Nadu Open University, Chennai. Very recently he was honored with Har Gobind Khorana Best Young Investigator Award-2014 for Biological Science by TNSRO.

List of Authors

Mr. Sridhar Ramachandran Assistant Professor, Department of Biological Science, G.C.T.E, Chennai

Dr. Tamilvendan Manavalan Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Advance Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025

Dr. V. Hemamalini Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Quaid-e-Milleth Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

Mrs. Divyadarshini A. JRF in Virology(DST), P.G. Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Presidency College, Chennai.

Mr. Ambethkar Balaiah Coordinator & Head, Department of Biological Science, V.O.C. Vid. M.H.S.S, Chennai

Dr. N. Aarthi Guest Lecturer, Department of Zoology, School of Life Science, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India-641 046

Mr. B. Mohan Kumar Ph.D (UGC-JRF) Scholar, School of Education, Pondicherry University, Puducherry-605 014

Contents

1. Introduction ......................................................................................1 i)

Dr. V. Hemamalini

2. Pharmacognostical studies of Medicinal plants-I ..............................8 i)

Mr. Sridhar Ramachandran

3. Pharmacognostical studies of Medicinal plants-II .......................... .19 i)

Dr.V. Hemamalini

ii) Mr. Sridhar Ramachandran 4. Pharmacognostical studies of Medicinal plants-III ......................... .29 i) Dr. Tamilvendan Manavalan 5. Pharmacognostical studies of Medicinal plants-IV ......................... .40 i) Mr. Ambethkar Balaiah 6. Pharmacognostical studies of Medicinal plants-V .......................... .51 i) Mrs. Divyadarshini A. 7. Pharmacognostical studies of Medicinal plants-VI ......................... .62 i) Mr. B. Mohan Kumar 8. Conclusion ..................................................................................... .72 i) Dr. N. Aarthi