Guidelines for Design of Energy Efficient Multi-storey Residential Buildings by Dr. Sameer Maithel 14th November 2014 Municipalika, Gandhinagar
Indo-Swiss Building Energy Efficiency Project (BEEP) Goal: Contribute to reduction of energy consumption in new buildings and to promote best practices in designing and applying energy-efficient measures. Year: 2012-2016 Objective: Build capacities and knowledge of builders, architects, engineers, labs, institutions and others, in the area of building energy efficiency in India by utilizing Swiss experience and expertise, and by following a multi-stakeholders cooperation process
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Indo-Swiss Building Energy Efficiency Project (BEEP) Four Components •Component 1: To promote an integrated design approach with a focus on energy efficiency at an early stage on large projects •Component 2: To reinforce insulation materials testing procedures •Component 3: A.To develop design guidelines and a Minergie-India label for residential buildings; B.To prepare design templates for public buildings in selected states •Component 4: To build capacity and disseminate knowledge 3
Why Energy Efficient Residential Buildings ? Over next 20 years • Number of urban households expected to double. 300-400% increase in constructed area • Electricity consumption in residential buildings is expected to increase seven-fold – Requirement to add 100,000 -150,000 MW of new power generation capacity to meet the peak electricity demand due to growth in the use of room airconditioners Source: GBPN (2012), BEE (2011), LBNL (2013), Planning Commission 4
Design Guidelines for EnergyEfficient Residential Buildings
Indo-Swiss Building Energy Efficiency Project
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How the Guidelines were developed ? Survey of electricity consumption in ~800 households in NCR & Time–series data
Detailed monitoring of sample households • space temperature and humidity • Electricity consumption of space conditioning equipment
Development and validation of energy simulation model for typical spaces, e.g. bedrooms, living rooms Evaluation of potential energy- efficiency strategies using various energy simulation software (TRNSYS, DIVA, Autodesk® EcotectTM, SAM, RETScreen, …) Formulation of Guidelines Feedback over 1 year
Study of International Experience & Practices
Revision & Update 6
Building Massing & Spatial Configuration
Recommendation 1-3 Minimize solar exposure on external vertical surfaces, through 1. Properly orienting the buildings i.e. larger façade on North and South direction 2. Selection of building shape 3. Arranging building blocks to benefit from mutual shading
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Building Envelope
Recommendation 4 4. Adopt passive measures for Walls & Windows – Package of Measures –I : Use of light colors on wall (absorptivity ≤ 0.4) + Window shades with extended overhangs + better insulation of walls + optimised natural ventilation (18-23% reduction in cooling energy) – Package of Measures –II: Package of Measures-I + external movable shutters on windows (40-45% reduction in cooling energy) – Package of Measures –III: Package of Measures-II with improved wall insulation + double glazing + better building tightness (55-60 % reduction in cooling energy)
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Recommendation 5 Design kitchen for adequate day-lighting and good ventilation
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Recommendation 6 Insulate the roof and provide reflective surface
150mm RCC slab
150mm RCC slab+ 75mm PUF, with surface treatment for reflection
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Space Cooling
Recommendation 7-10 7. Raising the temperature of cooling set-point from 24 to 28 oC (~adaptive comfort temperature for summer) can bring ~ 55-60% reduction in cooling thermal energy demand 8. Design the space-cooling system so as to utilise the full potential of natural ventilation, fans and evaporative cooling 9. Incorporate new and innovative ways for improving efficiency of the room air-conditioners 10. Design for quick and efficient evacuation of hot air generated in kitchen – Natural ventilation – well-located and efficient mechanical extraction system 11
Appliances
Recommendation 11 11. Select higher BEE star labeled equipments and appliances e.g. transformers, tubelights, ceiling fans, air-conditioners, etc.
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Common Services
Recommendation 12-14 12. Energy-efficient lighting design for common areas a) Design for day-lighting of corridors, staircases, parking areas b) Incorporate energy-efficient artificial lighting features for both indoor and outdoor areas
13. Design for energy-efficient pumping system a) Select pump so that the head and flow parameter for the ‘Duty Point’ matches with that of the ‘Best Efficiency Point’ of the pump. b) Design piping so as to reduce frictional losses c) Use variable flow drives (VFDs) on pump motors.
14. Incorporate energy-efficiency design features in the lifts a) Use LED/CFL for lighting b) Provide auto switch-off for lights and ventilation fans c) Use of VFD drives in motors d) Consider feasibility of lifts having gearless system, regenerative braking, etc. 13
Renewable Energy Integration
Recommendation 15 15. Utilise rooftops for the generation of hot water and/or electricity using solar energy a) For highly energy-efficient residential buildings (overall EPI < 30 kWh/ m²year) of up to 4 stories, it is possible to generate enough electricity over a year through rooftop solar PV to meet all electricity requirements. In most cases, a substantial part of the electricity requirement for common services can be met. b) In most cases, for multi-storey residential buildings up to 12 stories, community solar water heating systems on the roof can meet around 70% of the annual electricity requirement for heating water.
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Conclusions 100%
75%
EPI Business As Usual
Passive Measures
50% Energy Efficiency in Cooling & Appliances
20% Renewable Energy Generation
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Click to edit Master title style Please attend Seminar on Integrated Approach to Energy-Efficient Building Design Capex Conference Room in Exhibition Hall 1 November 15th, 2014 (11:00 to 13:30 hrs.)
www.beepindia.org
Indo-Swiss Building Energy Efficiency Project
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Paul-Wunderlich-Haus, Eberswalde
Integrated Design Methodology for Energy Efficient Buildings
BSU, Hamburg
Energy Plus School, Hohen Neuendorf
Dr. Günter Löhnert Energy Dream Center, Seoul
[email protected]
Dr. Günter Löhnert sol°id°ar planungswerkstatt berlin
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Potentials of Influence in Design and Construction Process
Optimization of Operation
Project Documentation
Construction Supervision
Negotiation / Contracting
Building Docs for Tender
Design Development
Building Permission Doc.
Concept Design
Pre-Design
Basic Investigations
Idea / Project Brief / Goals
Magnitude of Effects
Settlement of Building Costs and Expenditure for Design Changes
Design and Construction Process
Potential of Influence on Energy Optimisation, Cost Efficiency + Comfort Dr. Günter Löhnert sol°id°ar planungswerkstatt berlin
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Main Issues on Energy Efficient Building Design A Æ Thermal Quality of Building Envelope / Compactness U-values of Envelope | Avoid Thermal Bridges | Air Tightness Use of Innovative Materials and Technologies
B Æ Heating and Ventilation in Winter Minimize Energy Demand | Use of Storage Mass | Heat Recovery | Adequate Control | Building Automation
C Æ Cooling and Ventilation in Summer Summer Thermal Insulation | Natural / Nocturnal Ventilation Passive Cooling | Preconditioned Fresh Air
D Æ Optimization of Daylighting Strategies Adequate Sizing and Disposition of Windows | Light Guidance Efficient Solar & Glare Control | Efficient Electric Lighting Dr. Günter Löhnert sol°id°ar planungswerkstatt berlin
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Process Quality: Integrated Design from the Start LINEAR
ITERATIVE
INTEGRATED
Traditional planning usually follows the easiest linear path that virtually excludes an optimisation of building design (A Æ B Æ C) Iterations are pre-requisites to create different variants, their assessment and optimisation in the further course of the process The integrated design process combines both processes in a reasonable manner by qualified supervision and assessment of sub-processes and decisions based on holistic considerations
LinearityÆ IterationÆIntegration Dr. Günter Löhnert sol°id°ar planungswerkstatt berlin
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….. with Iterations to Integrated Design LINEAR
Dr. Günter Löhnert sol°id°ar planungswerkstatt berlin
ITERATIVE
INTEGRATED
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Integrated Design Process: Interrelations / Dependancies
Dr. Günter Löhnert sol°id°ar planungswerkstatt berlin
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Primary Energy National Demand Funding < 50% EnEV (< 100 kWh/m²a) Programme
Integrated Design Process
Reports and Documents Monitoring and User Acceptance Analysis
EnOB
Analysis and Evaluation
EnBau EnSan
Material for Education
Renunciation Lean of Large Building Mechanical Strategies Cooling Energy Efficiency and Solar Optimization Dr. Günter Löhnert sol°id°ar planungswerkstatt berlin
Sequential Workshops 23
Current Status of EnOB Demonstration Buildings
Dr. Günter Löhnert sol°id°ar planungswerkstatt berlin
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Architect: GAP Berlin
Paul-Wunderlich-Haus
Dr. Günter Löhnert sol°id°ar planungswerkstatt berlin
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Paul-Wunderlich-Haus: Features
Pavillonplatz
Winner of Competition: GAP
PWH – the New Center
Individual Lamp Development
Concept of Night Flushing
Energy Concept Thermal Comfort Renewable Energy 593 Energy piles out of 850 drilled piles of approx. 9 m each – Photovoltaic (120 kWpeak / ca.1.000 m²) on the roof and at the facade of park garage. Dr. Günter Löhnert sol°id°ar planungswerkstatt berlin
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Process Quality to Ensure Energy Performance Values do not include cooling and ventilation for specific usage such as server, printer rooms, etc.
EnOB Requirements
PE < 100 kWh/m²
Dr. Günter Löhnert sol°id°ar planungswerkstatt berlin
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Monitoring Data 2008
Monitoring Data 2009
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Calcutated values of design
Calcutated values of pre-design
Target according to competition
New Buildings in Germany 1990 - 2000
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Building stock in Germany
Purchased Energy Demand
Energy Benchmarks: Continuous update through the entire design process
NFA
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Best Practices towards Zero-Emission and Energy + HHS Planer + Architekten
R. Disch Architekten
SMA Solar, Niestetal
Sonnenhaus, Freiburg
Production
Office
John M. Frank
AS Solar, Hannover Lang+Volkwein
Building Categories
Energy+ Home, Darmstadt
Schulte-Frohlinde
Solon SE, Berlin HHS Planer + Architekten
SMA Solar Academy, Niestetal
Residential
Education
W. Sobek
EffizienzhausPlus, Berlin Fabi Architekten
Solaraktivhaus, Regensburg Dr. Günter Löhnert sol°id°ar planungswerkstatt berlin
IBUS Architekten + Ingenieure
Grundschule, Hohen Neuendorf 28
Conclusion on EnOB Experiences Conclusions 1. We do have knowledge on suitable technologies and adequate design processes in order to get energy efficient buildings – we only have to use it in a reasonable way. 2. An Integrated Design Process is inevitable for future Zero or Energy Plus Building Concepts to ensure comfort and to save energy and operating costs on a life cycle consideration. 3. Sustainable Buildings can be assessed SILVER without additional construction costs. However, disruption and wrong decisions mostly caused by the client - have consequently to be avoided. 4. Successful buildings require good planning by qualified interdisciplinary planners from the very beginning of the project. The investment into a qualified design team on an adequate fee level is the most profitable yield for the client. 5. Projects which require a short-term payback period cannot be sustainable and will not be supported by our services. Dr. Günter Löhnert sol°id°ar planungswerkstatt berlin
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Paul-Wunderlich-Haus, Eberswalde
BSU, Hamburg
DGNB GOLD Certificate in 2014
Thank you for your patient attention! Best DGNB GOLD Certificate as a New Building 2008 and Best DGNB GOLD for Existing Building / Operation in 2013
First Zero Energy Building in Korea Energy Dream Center, Seoul
BNB GOLD Certificate in 2013 FirstEnergy German EnergyHohen PlusNeuendorf School Plus School,
Dr. Günter Löhnert
[email protected]
Dr. Günter Löhnert sol°id°ar planungswerkstatt berlin
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Click to edit Master title style Please attend Seminar on Integrated Approach to Energy-Efficient Building Design Capex Conference Room in Exhibition Hall 1 November 15th, 2014 (11:00 to 13:30 hrs.)
www.beepindia.org
°id°ar planungswerkstatt berlin Dr. Günter Löhnert sol Indo-Swiss Building Energy Efficiency
Project
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