Guided Reading Strategies 7.5

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Guided Reading Strategies 7.5 The Rise of Christianity

READING THE SECTION As you read the section, use the space provided to explain the significance of the people and events listed below. 1. destruction of the Second Temple: ________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ 2. Hadrian: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ 3. Jesus: _______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ 4. Gospels: _____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ 5. resurrection and ascension: _____________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ 6. Christian martyrs: _____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ 7. Constantine: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ 8. Theodosius: __________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ 9. pope: _______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ 10. Trinity: _____________________________________________________________ POST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, explain why Christianity appealed to people of the Roman Empire.

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Main Idea Activities 7.5 The Rise of Christianity

VOCABULARY Some terms to understand:

• violate (168): to treat something sacred disrespectfully • sacked (168): robbed and looted a captured city • hitherto (168): before this time • exclude (169): to leave out • ascend (169): to rise up • penalties (169): punishments for breaking a law • sect (170): religious faction ORGANIZING INFORMATION Fill in the sequence chart with the events leading to the rise of Christianity. Write events from the list in the order in which they happened.

• Rome outlawed Christianity. • Romans feared Jesus would lead an uprising. • Jesus of Nazareth began teaching in communities outside the city. • Jesus was arrested, tried before Pontius Pilate, then crucified. • Romans believed that followers of Jesus were attacking Roman religion and law. THE RISE OF CHRISTIANITY • Hadrian banned all Jews from Jerusalem.

• Romans turned to Christianity for hope during violence and unrest in the A.D. 200s.

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Main Idea Activities

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Chapter 7, Main Idea Activities 7.5, continued EVALUATING INFORMATION Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false. 1. Judaea was a Roman province in A.D. 6. 2. Zealots rebelled against the Romans because they wanted independence. 3. The destruction of Jerusalem strengthened the role of priests. 4. At first, in the villages he visited no one wanted to listen to Jesus. 5. Because Jesus was teaching about love, the Romans did not think he was an enemy of the state. 6. The resurrection of Jesus became the central event of Christianity. 7. Theodosius declared Christianity the official religion of Rome. 8. Jesus was the first pope. UNDERSTANDING MAIN IDEAS For each of the following, write the letter of the best choice in the space provided. 1. What happened to the Jewish religion after the Romans sacked Jerusalem? a. Rabbis or scholars became the leaders. b. The priests built other temples. c. The Jews worshipped near the wall. d. The Jews wrote their history. 2. How did Rome recognize that Christians were different? a. Their numbers became so large in a very short time. b. They failed to stop the spread of Christianity. c. They tried to influence others to disobey Roman law. d. They opposed the idea of worshipping more than one god. 3. How did Christians become martyrs? a. They were put to death because of their beliefs. b. They obeyed Roman law but practiced their own religion. c. They attacked the fact that Romans worshipped too many gods. d. They converted many Romans to their point of view. 4. When did Roman law accept Christianity as a religion? a. during the era of the Five Good Emperors b. when the Christian church had become very large c. before Christian property was seized d. soon after they were allowed not to worship the emperor

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Main Idea Activities

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ld History Activity People in Wor

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P r o f i le 1

St. Paul (C. A.D. 4–C. 64) Nobody should seek his own good, but the good of others.

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REVIEWING THE PROFILE Directions: Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 1. How did Paul come to accept Christianity? 2. How did Paul work to spread Christianity? 3. Critical Thinking Recognizing Ideologies. Paul has been called “one of the most influential people who ever lived.” Do you agree with this assessment? Explain your answer.

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St. Paul, also known as Paul of Tarsus, was the greatest of all the Christian apostles, or messengers. He was a Jew born in St. Peter, left, and St. Paul, right present-day Turkey when the region was through the eastern Mediterranean, Greece, under Roman rule, and he was a Roman Asia Minor, Syria, and Palestine. Generally, citizen. As a young man, Paul learned how he and his companions would visit a city to be a tentmaker. But the life of a man born and preach in the synagogue or marketplace. just a few years before him, Jesus of Winning converts, he would help them set Nazareth, would change Paul’s own life up small churches that would serve as the forever. In turn, Paul affected the lives of seeds of Christianity in the region. Then countless others. Paul would move on. He is known as the Christianity began as a sect of Judaism, “apostle to the Gentiles” for his efforts at and Christians were at first persecuted by converting non-Jews to Christianity. Jews and by others. Paul, deeply committed Paul’s influence as a missionary was to his own faith, participated in this persetremendous. No one else did as much to cution. When he was about 29, he was travtransform Christianity from a Jewish sect of eling on the road to Damascus to help a few followers to a major world religion. suppress the practice of Christianity there. Equally important are his writings. His Suddenly, in one of the most famous stories epistles, or letters to his followers, form an of religious awakening, it is said that Paul important part of the New Testament. In saw a blinding light and heard a voice ask, fact, 14 of the 27 books of the New Testa“Why persecutest thou me?” Blinded, Paul ment have been attributed to Paul. His was led to Damascus where he regained his thoughts on the divinity of Jesus, original sight and was baptized, and his life was sin, redemption, justification, and other changed. From persecuting Christians, Paul subjects are fundamental to Christian had started on the road to becoming one of beliefs. Eventually, Paul was arrested, stood Christianity’s greatest promoters. trial in Rome, and was executed in about Paul spent the rest of his life as a Christian A.D. 64. missionary. He made three long trips

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I Corinthians 10:24

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Time Line Activity 5

Rome and the Rise of Christianity DIRECTIONS: The Roman Republic and the Roman Empire each lasted about 500 years. The time line below shows some of the major events of this 1,000-year period. Study the time line to decide whether the statements that follow are true or false. Mark each answer T for true, or F for false, then explain your answer on the line below the statement. 44 B.C. Julius Caesar assassinated.

5

450 B.C. Rome adopts first code of laws, Twelve Tables.

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287 B.C. Plebeians win right to make laws. 27 B.C. Augustus becomes Rome’s first emperor. 146 B.C. Rome burns Carthage. A.D.

500 B.C.

A.D.

A.D.

40 The first Gospels are written.

1

A.D.

500

180 Pax Romana ends.

A.D.

392 Christianity becomes official religion of Rome.

A.D. 476 Fall of the Western Roman Empire.

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1. Plebeians had more power than patricians in the early Roman Republic. 2. As Rome became more democratic, it also developed peaceful relations with Carthage.

3. Julius Caesar came to power after Rome defeated Carthage. 4. Julius Caesar was Rome’s first emperor. 5. The Pax Romana, which began when Augustus took power, lasted about 200 years. 6. Christianity became the official religion of Rome about 350 years after the first Gospels appeared.

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Vocabulary Activity 5

Rome and the Rise of Christianity, 600 B.C.– A.D. 500 DIRECTIONS: Write the term that best completes each sentence. 1. Latin nobles declared Rome a Etruscan rulers out of the city in 509 B.C.

(republic/tribune) after driving

2. Most of Rome’s inhabitants were could not hold office.

(patricians/plebeians) who

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3. Elected officials called affairs of the city.

(dictators/consuls) ran the day-to-day

4. The (patricians/dictators) agreed to share power with the plebeians after the plebeians threatened to leave the city.

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5. A representative chosen by the plebeians was called a (triumvirate/tribune). 6. In times of crisis, the Romans chose a lead the city.

(patrician/dictator) to

7. Augustus, the powerful leader of the Roman army, was given the title of (imperator/praetor), or commander in chief. 8. Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar formed a

(triumvirate/tribune).

9. Stone (indemnities/aqueducts) carried water into Rome from as far away as 57 miles (about 92 kilometers). 10. At first, Christianity was viewed as a

(bishops/disciples) thought he was the (martyr/Messiah).

12. A (procurator/patriarch) is employed by the Roman emperor to manage or govern minor provinces. 13. Church affairs were managed by interpreted Christian beliefs.

(bishops/disciples) who also

14. Diocletian issued a price edict that set wage and price controls to help fight (indemnity/inflation). 15. The man who is head of the family is known as the (gladiator/paterfamilias). 16. The church. 126

(clergy/laity) were leaders given specific functions in the

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11. Jesus’

(Messiah/sect) of Judaism.