INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA

Guide for Thesis Preparation Version 2.0 Prepared by ITC Scientific Committee

December 2013

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Institute of Technology of Cambodia (ITC), hereby acknowledges the following people for their contributions and realization to this Guide to Thesis Preparation: - Dr. OM Romny - Dr. CHUNHIENG Thavarith - Mr. NUTH Sothan - Mr. PHOL Norith - Mr. CHHOUK Chhay Horng - Mr. SIEANG Phen - Dr. HUL Seingheng - Dr. LY Sarann - Dr. KUOK Fidero - Mr. SOY Ty - Dr. SEANG Chansopheak - Ms. BUN Polyka - Dr. BUN Kimgnun - Mr. LAY Heng - Mr. TO Dara - Mr. SOEUN Somuny Ontdom - Mrs. SIO Sreymean

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 4 2. SUBMISSION OF THESIS ................................................................................................. 4 2.1. Submission of thesis ...................................................................................................... 4 2.2. Revision after submission of thesis ............................................................................... 4 2.3. Thesis binding ............................................................................................................... 4 2.4. Copyright ....................................................................................................................... 4 2.5. Plagiarism ...................................................................................................................... 5 2.5.1. Definition ................................................................................................................ 5 2.5.2. Punishment ............................................................................................................. 5 2.5.3. Plagiarism avoidance .............................................................................................. 5 3. FORMATTING ................................................................................................................... 6 3.1. Language ....................................................................................................................... 6 3.2. Structure ........................................................................................................................ 6 3.3. Text layout..................................................................................................................... 6 3.4. Pagination ...................................................................................................................... 6 3.5. Title selection ................................................................................................................ 6 3.6. Thesis title pages ........................................................................................................... 7 3.7. Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................... 7 3.8. Abstract ......................................................................................................................... 7 3.9. Abbreviations and symbols ........................................................................................... 7 3.10. Table of contents ......................................................................................................... 8 3.11. List of figures .............................................................................................................. 8 3.12. List of tables ................................................................................................................ 8 3.13. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 9 3.14. Literature review ......................................................................................................... 9 3.15. Methodology or Materials and Methods ..................................................................... 9 3.16. Results and discussion............................................................................................... 10 3.17. Conclusions (and Recommendations) ....................................................................... 10 3.18. References ................................................................................................................. 10 3.19. Appendices ................................................................................................................ 12 References ................................................................................................................................ 13 Appendices ............................................................................................................................... 14

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1. INTRODUCTION This guide for thesis preparation has been developed and prescribed by the Scientific Committee (SC), Institute of Technology of Cambodia (ITC) in the aim of assisting not only Associate Degree in Engineering, Engineer’s Degree, and Master Student but also ITC lecturer in preparing the thesis. In this means, ITC is holding the Intellectual Property Rights adopted by Royal Government of Cambodia together with the research partners. Students and lecturer in all departments are compulsorily required to strictly follow this guide for thesis preparation to ensure the standard of uniformity and preservation of standard archival thesis copy. Any query not specified in this guide should be referred to the respective department officer or the SC via [email protected]. 2. SUBMISSION OF THESIS 2.1. Submission of thesis Students are required to deliver 5 copies of thesis (3 to Panelists, 1 to Advisor, 1 to Enterprise) to the respective department secretary at least 1 week period prior to the final presentation date which is decided by Academic Office. For more information on the academic schedule, the academic calendar could be found in the ITC website at the following link, http://www.itc.edu.kh/itc/en/index.php/calendar. Additional copies of the thesis may be required differently by each department. For late submission, student will not be permitted to take his/her defense and be subjected to 2nd defense. 2.2. Revision after submission of thesis After the defense, students are required to incorporate/response to the thesis committee constructive comment/suggestions and revise thesis until proven satisfied by the thesis advisor within 1 week. After the revision, these hard-copies of thesis will be submitted to Thesis Advisor, Head of Department, Enterprise Representative, and Director General of ITC for the approval and signature. Students are required to submit the final version of the revised thesis, 2 hard-copies and soft-copy (either in pdf or word file) to respective Department (Department will later hand over 1 set of hard and soft-copy to Library). 2.3. Thesis binding All copies of thesis must be submitted to respective department bound between printed covers. In particular, the final version of thesis should be tied together. A template for thesis cover could be found Download Sample. The front cover should be labeled all information as shown in the template of thesis cover and printed in white paper. 2.4. Copyright Reference made based on the Intellectual Property Rights of Royal Government of Cambodia, ITC and Enterprise hold the ownership of the thesis copyright.

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2.5. Plagiarism 2.5.1. Definition Student must understand the definition, nature, and how to avoid the plagiarism. Plagiarism could be defined as follows: “Plagiarism is the presentation of someone else’s ideas or words as your own.” (Fowler and Aaron, 1992, pp. 578). “An obvious form of plagiarism is copying any direct quotation from your source material without providing quotation marks and without crediting the source. A more subtle form, but equally improper, is the paraphrasing of material or use of an original idea if that paraphrase or borrowed idea is not properly introduced and documented.” (Lester, 1976, pp. 48). “One area that can be confusing to researchers involves the use of information classified as “common knowledge”. If a fact or an idea is well known, it does not have to be documented, even if it is taken from another source…to be considered common knowledge, information must be well known to a general audience.” (Clines and Cobb, 1993, pp. 20). 2.5.2. Punishment Associate Degree in Engineering, Engineer’s Degree, and Master theses are subjected to the plagiarism verification. In case that plagiarism is founded, student will account for the Intellectual Property Rights adopted by Royal Government of Cambodian and be required to revise thesis until proven satisfied by Advisor. 2.5.3. Plagiarism avoidance It is necessary that the use of the previous published materials in thesis must be acknowledged properly within the text by either putting quotation or paraphrasing; this means that the author’s name with the year of publication should appear in the text while the reference list should contain all references. The in-text quotation styles could be founded in the following examples (Om et al., 2011): - For one author: Klein (2013) reviewed the biology and strategies to delay…… In a recent review on the antimalarial drug resistance (Klein, 2013),…… - For two authors: Sadana and Snow (1999) investigated the perceptions and preferences…… In a study on the balancing effectiveness (Sadana and Snow, 1999),…… - For many authors: in the case that we would like to cite the guide for thesis preparation by Dr. OM Romny, Dr. CHUNHIENG Thavarith, Mr. NUTH Sothân, Mr. PHOL Norith, and Mr. SIEANG Phen, it is as follows:

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Om et al. (2011) introduced the guide for thesis preparation…… In the thesis preparation for ITC student (Om et al., 2011),…… -In case of NGOs, student could cite the report published by NGOs, e.g., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as follows: FAO (2006) published the livestock’s long shadow-environmental issues….. In the report on the livestock’s long shadow-environmental issues (FAO, 2006),… 3. FORMATTING 3.1. Language The Associate Degree in Engineering thesis shall be written in Khmer while those of Engineer and Master Degree shall be written either in French or English based on Advisor Preference. 3.2. Structure When preparing the thesis manuscript, all students must follow this order: Title pages, Acknowledgments, Abstract, Abbreviations and Symbols, Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables, Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology or Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion, Conclusions (and Recommendations), References, and Appendices. 3.3. Text layout Text must be written using Times New Roman (12 pt font size) with 1.5 lines spacing and the margins shall be 25.4 mm from top, bottom, left, and right on white paper. A full justification shall be used and each new paragraph shall be clearly indicated with indentation (12.7 mm) and no-space between paragraphs. Tables and figures should be presented in the text with spacing before and after text of 12 pt (See Example in Appendices). 3.4. Pagination Theses of all degrees shall be started with the title pages consisted of the first cover page, second cover page, and third cover page; these cover pages shall not be paginated and prepared single-sided while the following pages of theses shall be prepared double-sided. The acknowledgment page, abstract page, abbreviations and symbols page, table of contents page, list of figures page, and list of tables page, shall be paginated with roman numerals— i.e., i, ii, iii, etc. From the introduction page to final part of thesis, all pages shall be paginated in one consecutive numbering sequence—i.e., 1, 2, 3, etc. All page numbers shall be at the bottom-center of pages. Moreover, each heading shall be started with a new page by using page breaking. 3.5. Title selection The title selection for the thesis for all degrees shall be done carefully to ensure that the consistency between title and thesis manuscript is achievable. Therefore,

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 

Be sure to select a title that reflects and/or provides a meaningful description of the content of the thesis manuscript; Be sure to select a title that in overall covers all the specific objectives aimed for in the thesis; this means that from the title, a number of specific objectives could be developed.

3.6. Thesis title pages The first title page must contain the information on the department, type of degree (Associate Degree in Engineering, Engineer’s Degree, or Master Degree), thesis title, name of author, main course of study, name of thesis advisor, and academic year. The second title page must be written in Khmer and bear the original signatures of Director General of ITC, Head department, Supervior, and Enterprise Representative while the third title page must be written in French and containt the same information as that of the second title page. The template for these title pages could be found in the following link: Download Sample. 3.7. Acknowledgments The acknowledgment page shall be included in the thesis manuscript. In this section, author could express his/her sincere gratitude to his/her family for support and so on. Author could also include his/her special thank to Professors, Thesis Advisor, Lab Assistant, and other personnels who have been providing help during the research and the preparation of thesis. The order of gratitude shall be classified based on the degree of supporting. It means that person who has been of great help should appeared first. 3.8. Abstract Each thesis shall contain a concise and factual abstract of maximum 1 page. The abstract should contain the purpose of the research, the materials and methods, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract must be written in 3 languages (Khmer, French and English in order) except Associate Degree Abstract must be written only in Khmer. In the case of Abstract in Khmer, all technical terms must be remained in original language except common and well-known technical terms could be used in Khmer. Moreover, this abstract should be presented separately from the thesis manuscript, so it must be able to stand alone. Therefore, references should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Moreover, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself. 3.9. Abbreviations and symbols All abbreviations and symbols that are not standard and well known in the field of enginnering should be defined in the abbreviations and symbols page. In the case that any abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract, they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract. Furthermore, it is necessary to maintain the consistency of abbreviations and symbols throughout the thesis manuscript.

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3.10. Table of contents Table of contents should contain all informations on heading and sub-heading of all chapters presented in the thesis manuscript. Title pages, Acknowledgements, Abstract, Abbreviations and Symbols, Table of Contents, List of Figures, and List of Tables must not be numbered in the Table of Contents (See Example in Appendices). The sequencing numeral shall be started from Introduction (e.g., 1. INTRODUCTION) while the subdivision contained within Introduction chapter should be numbered 1.1. (then 1.1.1., 1.1.2., ...), 1.2., etc. This numbering system should also be used in the following chapters—i.e., 2. LITERATURE REVIEW, 3. METHODOLOGY or MATERIALS AND METHODS, 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION, 5. CONCLUSIONS (AND RECOMMENDATIONS). On the other hand, REFERENCES, and APPENDICES should appear without any numbering system. 3.11. List of figures All figure captions must be presented in this page together with the page number where the figures exist. Figure caption must be numbered in a consecutive sequence—i.e., Figure 1.1., Figure 2.1., Figure 3.1., etc., in accordance with their appearance in the thesis. Figure 1.1. refers to the first figure appeared in chapter 1, Figure 2.1. refers to the first figure appeared in chapter 2, Figure 3.1. refers to the first figure appeared in chapter 3, etc. A caption should comprise a title which is a description of the illustration. Author must keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used within the illustrations. In the case that Figure is cited from other sources, student must put the reference after the Figure caption. A figure is a single, concise, pictorial, visual summary of the process or finding during the research activities. It should be well designed and prepared so that it could be understood by readers at a single glance. The authors must provide an image/graph that clearly represents his/her work described in the thesis. Image/graph must be un-distorted and readable at any size. 3.12. List of tables All tables titles must be presented in this page together with the page number where the tables are shown. Tables must numbered consecutively (Table 1.1., Table 2.1., Table 3.1., etc.) in accordance with their appearance in the text. Table 1.1. refers to the first table appeared in chapter 1, Table 2.1. refers to the first table appeared in chapter 2, Table 3.1. refers to the first table appeared in chapter 3, etc. In the case that Table is cited from other sources, student must put the reference after the Table caption (see Example in Appendices). All numbers used in thesis content/tables must be Arabic numerals (0, 1, 2, 3, etc.). Table embedded in the thesis manuscript could be accompanied by the footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Author must ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in thesis

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manuscript. In the case of simple one parameter tables, author is recommended to present such information in the text itself. 3.13. Introduction Introduction should contain the rationale/background, goal and objectives, and scope together with the limitation of the study. Student should begin with the establishment of a study territory by showing the importance, interesting, and/or problems of the general study area, and/or by reviewing the previous studies. Student could then continue with the indication of gab or weakness of previous study based on which the present study must be conducted. At last, student should finish the introduction section with the announcement of the goal and specific objectives of the study with the scope/limitation of present study (Hartley, 2008). 3.14. Literature review Author could prepare the literature review by taking into account the following criteria:     

To show the history of the related study field/topic To review all previous work done related to the thesis topic To integrate and synthesis work from different study field/topic To present/evaluate the current state of art of study field/topic To reveal the inadequacies in literature and gap where further research needs to be done

3.15. Methodology or Materials and Methods In this section, title of this section could be chosen either Methodology or Materials and Methods accordingly to Advisor Preference. In general format, Author must provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced; in addition, methods already published should be indicated by a reference while only the modifications should be described. Methodology is usually sub-divided into many sub-sections viz: ①. Materials for the study: author must describe in detail (physic-chemical characteristics, technical specification, data, model, software, equipment, etc.) the raw materials used for the study. For example: “The raw composting mixture consisted of swine manure, a compost product produced previously in our laboratory from swine manure, sawdust, and a commercial seeding material (Alles G; Matsumoto Laboratory of Microorganisms Co., Ltd., Matsumoto, Japan) in a ratio of…” ②. Experimental operation for the study: author must describe (in detail) how laboratory or full-scale experimental set-up is constructed. Author is also required to describe how set-up is operated to ensure that the re-fabrication of the experimental system.

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For example: 1-“Laboratory-scale experimental set-up composed of a mini-reactor made of a Pyrex glass cylinder, 45 mm in diameter, 100 mm in height, and sealed with silicone rubber stoppers with glass pipes for aeration…” 2-“The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM Version 5.0.022; Rossman, 2010; US EPA, 2011) was used to simulate current and projected watershed conditions. Sub-catchments were delineated to collect precipitation, and the kinematic wave method (Rossman, 2010) was used to route water through…..” ③. Parameter analyses: author must describe (in details) how to measure/determine each parameter during the study; this includes the condition of the machine and the model of machine used. It is also important to note that one parameter analysis must be described in one sub-section. For example: “A DNA extraction kit, ISOIL for Beads Beating (Nippon Gene Co., Ltd., Toyama, Japan), was used for the extraction of DNA from the compost samples collected at days…” In the case that author would like to include the formulae and equations in the manuscript, each formulae/equation should be given separate numbering—i.e., (Eq. 1.1.), (Eq. 2.1.), etc. Eq. 1.1. refers to the first equation/formulae appeared in chapter 1 while Eq. 2.1. refers to the first equation/formulae appeared in chapter 2. 3.16. Results and discussion The results should be clear and concise, separated into different sub-sections depending on the findings, and discussing the significance of the results/findings, not repeat them. In this part, author should state the main findings in order and evaluate how the results fit in the previous findings; therefore, citation and discussion of the published work should be included in this part. 3.17. Conclusions (and Recommendations) The main conclusions drawn from results should be presented in a short conclusions section. Author must ensure that the conclusions response/reflect the specific objectives stated in the introduction section. Any discussion must not be included in this section. In the recommendations section, author should (not obligate) describe the limitation/gap of the study based on which author should recommend for further studies/investigations. 3.18. References It is a must to ensure that each reference cited in the thesis manuscript is also presented in the reference list, and vice versa. It is recommended that the unpublished results and personal communications should not be used for citation. References list should be

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arranged alphabetically. In the case that more than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year, it must be identified by the letters “a”, “b”, “c”, etc; these letters should be placed after the year of publication. For example: Author “Mongkul” has published two journals in 2013 and we would like to reference these two journals; thus, the citation will be “Based on the recent study (Mongkul, 2013a, 2013b),…”. Reference list should be prepared based on the type of document, for instance: 

Reference to a journal publication:

Hul, S., Ng, D.K.S, Tan, R.R., Chiang, C.L., Foo, D.C.Y., 2007. Crisp and Fuzzy Optimisation Approaches for Water Network Retrofit. Chemical Product and Process Modeling. 2, 1934– 2659. 

Reference to a book:

Nester, E.W., Anderson, D.G., Roberts, C.E., Pearsall, N.N., Nester, M.T., 2004. Microbiology-A human perspective. 4th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York. 

Reference to a chapter in an edited book:

Mettam, G.R., Adams, L.B., 2009. How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: Jones, B.S., Smith, R.Z. (Eds.), 2009. Introduction to the Electronic Age. E-Publishing Inc., New York, 281–304. 

Reference to the internet

A clear source and official website can be used as reference. However, a clear authors and date of the website or the agency creating the website should be stated. For example: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2011. Cambodia and FAO achievements and success stories, http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/ rap/files/epublications/CambodiaedocFINAL.pdf (Consulted on March 01, 2013). References in the list should be placed alphabetically, for example: Arun, A.B., Chen, W.M., Lai, W.A., Chou, J.H., Shen, F.T., Rekha, P.D., Young, C.C., 2009. Lutaonella thermophilagen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from a coastal hot spring. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 59, 2069–2073. Boone, D.R., Castenholz, R.W., Garrity, G.M., 2001. Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. 2nd ed. Springer, New York.

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Bosshard, P.P., Zbinden, R., Altwegg, M., 2002. Turicibacter sanguinis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 52, 1263–1266. …… 3.19. Appendices Appendices are supplemental to a thesis in nature; the same formatting, pagination, margins, and illustration requirements apply to appendices. Formulas, equations, and additional information should be included in this section.

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References Clines, R.H., Cobb, E.R., 1993. Research writing simplified. Harper Collins. Fowler, H.R., Aaron, J.E., 1992. The little, brown handbook. 5th ed. Harper Collins. Hartley, J., 2008. Academic writing and publishing. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, New York. Lester, J.D., 1976. Writing research papers: a complete guide. 2nd ed. Scott, Foresman and Company Glenview, Illinois. Om, R., Chunhieng, T., Nuth, S., Phol, N., Sieang, P., 2011. Guide à la rédaction de mémoire. ITC, Phnom Penh.

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Appendices 1.

Acknowledgments

2.

Abstract

3.

Abbreviations and Symbols

4.

Table of Contents

5.

List of Figures

6.

List of Tables

7.

Introduction

8.

Literature Review

9.

Methodology or Materials and Method

10. Results and Discussion 11. Conclusions (and Recommendations) 12. References

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The heading of acknowledgement must be written using Times New Roman, 12 pt font size, bold and center text. The text following the heading should be started with the indentation and written using Times New Roman, 12 pt font size, justification text, 10 pt from the heading and 1.5 line spacing.

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ABSTRACT The heading of acknowledgement must be written using Times New Roman, 12 pt font size, bold and center text. The text following the heading should be started with the indentation and written using Times New Roman, 12 pt font size, justification text, 10 pt from the heading and 1.5 line spacing.

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ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS EPA

Environmental Protection Agency (Text must be written 24 pt from the heading and 1.5 line spacing)

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

UN DESA

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs

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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. ii ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS .................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. v LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... vi 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Goal and objectives ...................................................................................................... 3 2. LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................... 5 3. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................. 31 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ......................................................................................... 51 5. CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................................. 71 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 77 APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................ 85

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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1.

Forecasts of world and regional annual growth rate of fertilizer demand between 2011 and 2015 (FAO, 2011). .............................................................. 10

Figure 2.2.

Time courses of the number of publication related to effects of turning on composting from 1980 to 2012. ........................................................................ 15

Figure 2.3.

Number of publication related to application of molecular methods (DGGE, TRFLP, SSCP, ARDRA, ARISA, and DHPLC) in compost. ............................. 17

Figure 3.1.

Schematic diagram of the composting system. ................................................. 48

Figure 4.1.

Schematic diagram of the experimental system. ............................................... 52

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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1.

Municipal solid waste generation and its composition in different countries. . 11

Table 2.2.

Plant diseases suppression (Litterick et al., 2004). .......................................... 13

Table 2.3.

C/N ratios of various organic wastes (Golueke, 1977). ................................... 15

Table 2.4.

Thermal deathpoints of some common pathogens (Golueke, 1977). ............... 16

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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background The text following the sub-heading should be started with the indentation and written using Times New Roman, 12 pt font size, justification text, 10 pt from the heading and 1.5 line spacing.

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2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Sub-heading The text following the sub-heading should be started with the indentation and written using Times New Roman, 12 pt font size, justification text, 10 pt from the heading and 1.5 line spacing. In the case that author would like to embed the figures in the text, figure must be placed in the center of the text with 12 pt spacing before and after text as follows:

Figure 2.1. Time courses of the number of publication related to effects of turning on composting from 1980 to 2012.

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3. METHODOLOGY 3.1. Sub-heading The text following the sub-heading should be started with the indentation and written using Times New Roman, 12 pt font size, justification text, 10 pt from the heading and 1.5 line spacing. In the case that author would like to embed the tables in the text, tables must be placed in the center of the text with 12 pt spacing before and after text as follows: Table 3.1. Nitrogen content and C/N ratios of various organic wastes (Golueke, 1977). Material

Nitrogen (%)

C/N Ratio

Activated sludge

5

6

Animal tankage

─

4.1

10─14

3

Cow manure

1.7

18

Digested sewage sludge

2─4

─

Grass clippings

3─6

12─15

Horse manure

2.3

25

Blood

Mixed grasses

214

19

5.5─6.5

6─10

2.5─4

11─12

Pig manure

3.8

─

Potato tops

1.5

25

Poultry manure

6.3

15

Raw sewage sludge

4─7

11

15─18

0.8

Night soil Non-legume vegetable wastes

Urine

In the case that author would like to include the formulae and/or equations in the manuscript, each formulae/equation must be given in separate numbering as follows: Q = CP [1 - exp(-αt)]

(Eq. 3.1.)

where Q is the cumulative CO2 emission at a given composting time (mol), CP is the potential amount of carbon in the compost sample that can be released as CO2 (mol), α is the degradability coefficient based on the carbon of organic materials in the compost sample (h−1), and t is the composting time (h).

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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1. Sub-heading The text following the sub-heading should be started with the indentation and written using Times New Roman, 12 pt font size, justification text, 10 pt from the heading and 1.5 line spacing.

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5. CONCLUSIONS The text following the sub-heading should be started with the indentation and written using Times New Roman, 12 pt font size, justification text, 10 pt from the heading and 1.5 line spacing.

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REFERENCES Arun, A.B., Chen, W.M., Lai, W.A., Chou, J.H., Shen, F.T., Rekha, P.D., Young, C.C., 2009. Lutaonella thermophilagen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from a coastal hot spring. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 59, 2069–2073. Boone, D.R., Castenholz, R.W., Garrity, G.M., 2001. Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. 2nd ed. Springer, New York. Bosshard, P.P., Zbinden, R., Altwegg, M., 2002. Turicibacter sanguinis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 52, 1263–1266.

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