Grid Scale Energy Storage Based on Pumped Hydro, Compressed Air and Hydrogen
Grid Scale Energy Storage Based on Pumped Hydro, Compressed Air and Hydrogen Seville, 15. 15. June June 2010 2010 Seville, Fritz Crotogino Crotogino –...
Grid Scale Energy Storage Based on Pumped Hydro, Compressed Air and Hydrogen Seville, 15. 15. June June 2010 2010 Seville, Fritz Crotogino Crotogino –– Fritz KBB Underground Underground Technologies Technologies GmbH, GmbH, Hanover, Hanover, Germany Germany KBB
Content 1. From Natural gas to renewable energy 2. Demand for energy storage (grid scale) – characteristics of wind power 3. Grid scale energy storage options 4. How much storage needed?
1. From Natural gas to renewable energy 2. Demand for energy storage (grid scale) 3. Grid scale energy storage options 4. How much storage needed?
Transition fuel to electrictiy based energy systems
Energy supply chain - today (Basis: fossil & nuclear energy sources) primary energy carrier primary energy source
power vs. time
storage
secondary energy carrier electr. power conversion to power
20% of annual consumption
power vs. time
storage
0.06% of annual consumption
storage of primary energy carrier before conversion to electric power
grid
Energy supply chain - tomorrow (Basis: renewable energy sources)
primary energy source primary energy source
power vs. time
storage
secondary energy carrier: electr. power conversion power to power vs. time
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 Tage
20% of annual consumption
storage
0 Tage
storage of primary energy carrier after conversion to electric power
0.06 % of annual consumption
grid
1. From Natural gas to renewable energy
2. Demand for energy storage (grid scale) i. characteristics of wind power ii. grid load vs. power production iii.need for energy storage 3. Grid scale energy storage options 4. How much storage needed?
Strongyl fluctuating production w/ very high build-up & decline rates / short duration of peaks 2500
wind power / MW
2000
1500
1000
500
0 0
4
8
12
16
time / days
20
24
28
Chance for longer wind flaws (up to weeks)
total installed wind capacity in Germany = 26,000 MW
Seasonal swing of wind & solar power 15% production
of annual prod. % of % annual production
winter
max = 12% 10%
actual trend
wind
5%
solar
min = 5% summer
0% 0
2
4
6 8 time time//months months
10 Quelle: LBST
12
1. From Natural gas to renewable energy
2. Demand for energy storage (grid scale) i. characteristics of wind power
ii.grid load vs. power production iii.need for energy storage 3. Grid scale energy storage options 4. How much storage needed?
Grid load MW
grid load to be provided by conventional dispatchable power stations
Load = total of up to 20 power stations (no wind power included) peak load intermediate load
base load
! y g r e n e d n i w no
Share of wind production MW
fluctuating wind power input with priority to fossil fuel but no link to load!
Grid load MW
grid load to be provided by conventional dispatchable power stations
medium & peak load
base load
wind production plus fossil / nuclear power plants remaining power to be provided by conventional dispatchable power plants
Missmatch between generation and demand total load
fluctuating wind power input
1. From Natural gas to renewable energy
2. Demand for energy storage (grid scale) i. characteristics of wind power ii. grid load vs. power production
iii.need for energy storage 3. Grid scale energy storage options 4. How much storage needed?
Forecast deviations during storm EMMA MW
actual forecast
forecast
4 000 MW excess power
Forecast deviations during storm EMMA MW forecast
forecast forecast 4 000 MW power missing
Wind power excess MW
Spread of power prices at power exchange €/MW electric power price
Xmas
occurence expected to increase: • negative prices • extreme peaks (+/-)
1. From Natural gas to renewable energy 2. Demand for energy storage (grid scale)
3.Grid scale energy storage options i. Overview ii. Pumped hydro iii. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) iv. Hydrogen storage (electrolysis - storage - GT) v. Storage capacity - comparison 4. How much storage needed?
Compressed air energy storage (CAES) η = 42 / 56% today (diabatic) 70% future (adiabatic)
Hydrogen (electrolysis - storage - GT) η < 40%
Stationary batteries
Quelle: Tokyo Electric Power Company
1. From Natural gas to renewable energy 2. Demand for energy storage (grid scale) 3. Grid scale energy storage options i. Overview
ii. Pumped hydro iii. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) iv. Hydrogen storage (electrolysis - storage - GT) v. Storage capacity - comparison 4. How much storage needed?
Pumped hydro + very flexible + short rampup time (< 3 min) + high efficiency (
