Mythology.notebook
September 12, 2012
Greek and Roman Mythology
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Characteristics of Greek Mythology
The Greek culture began before the Roman.
Greek civilization was mostly conducted from small city states. The Greeks loved life and lived it with zest.
They had little interest in the afterlife which, even for the greatest of men, was believed to be an eternal unpleasantness. The best that a man could hope to do would be to perform great deeds that would be remembered after his death. Because they highly regarded intellectuals (poets, philosophers and others) in addition to their great warriors, great deeds could be accomplished by all.
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Mythology.notebook
Characteristics of Greek Mythology
The Greeks believed in individualism and prized differences in personality and character. They were fascinated by the contradiction that it is those very virtues that made a man great which can lead to his undoing. Their gods were personalized with individual strengths and flaws; gods made mistakes. But, also there were gods who were heroic, wise, loving, and developed essential crafts like weaving. Mortal heroes also played an important role in the myths. There were times when the gods needed a mortal hero to win battles for them. But very rarely did a hero become a god.
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Characteristics of Roman Mythology
September 12, 2012
Characteristics of Roman Mythology
The Romans were a more disciplined, less imaginative people. They more highly valued feats of engineering than verbal images created by the poet. They built and, more amazingly, maintained a vast empire for centuries. They valued war and the warrior much more than the Greeks did.
The Romans hoped for a better life in the next world. For the powerful, becoming a god was an option; one which many emperors took.
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Main Gods and Goddesses Greek and Roman Mythology
Traditional Roman religion was practical. It was tightly woven into everyday life, so that normal activities were connected with their "worship". Gods looked after tasks like, plowing fields, cutting wood, and maintaining hearth fires. They had little personality. There are few written mentions of these gods. The Romans adopted the Greek Myths pretty much in their entirety, changing many Greek names to those of preexisting Roman deities. The relative importance of a god might shift considerably. The best example is that of the god of war. For the Greeks, Ares was not very bright and a bit on the mean side. The Romans transformed him to the mighty god Mars, a prestigious figure.
Greek Name Zeus Roman Name Jupiter Job Description: Head of all the gods. Considered to be the most powerful and had control of the lightening bolt and could change into any form. Symbols: thunderbolt, eagle, oak tree
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Main Gods and Goddesses Greek and Roman Mythology
Greek Name Hera Roman Name Juno Job Description: Wife of Zeus/Jupiter and protectress of women and motherhood. She also controlled wind. Symbols: peacock, pomegranate
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Main Gods and Goddesses Greek and Roman Mythology
Greek Name Ares Roman Name Mars
Job Description: god of war; able to start conflicts between gods and mortals
Symbols: vulture, dog, spear, flaming torch
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Mythology.notebook
Main Gods and Goddesses Greek and Roman Mythology
Greek Name Aphrodite Roman Name Venus Job Description: goddess of love; causes mortals and immortals to fall in love Symbols: dove, swan, rose, apple
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Main Gods and Goddesses Greek and Roman Mythology
Greek Name Artemis Roman Name Diana
Job Description: goddess of hunting and the moon; protector of animals and cities
September 12, 2012
Main Gods and Goddesses Greek and Roman Mythology
Greek Name Demeter Roman Name Ceres Job Description: goddess of agriculture and the harvest; guardian of marriage Symbols: sheaf (bundle) of wheat, torch
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Main Gods and Goddesses Greek and Roman Mythology
Greek Name Bacchus Roman Name Saturn Job Description: god of wine and parties Symbols: ivy, grapevines, cup
Symbols: silver chariot, dog, tree, deer, bird
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Main Gods and Goddesses Greek and Roman Mythology
Greek Name Athena Roman Name Minerva
Job Description: goddess of wisdom and war; could change shapes
Symbols: owl, olive branches, lance
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Main Gods and Goddesses Greek and Roman Mythology
Greek Name Hermes Roman Name Mercury
Job Description: messenger god; god of medicine and dreams
Symbols: winged hat, sandals, caduceus (medical symbol), 4
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Mythology.notebook
Main Gods and Goddesses Greek and Roman Mythology
September 12, 2012
Main Gods and Goddesses Greek and Roman Mythology
Greek Name Poseidon Roman Name Neptune
Greek Name Hades Roman Name Pluto Job Description: god of the underworld; guarded the dead
Job Description: god of the sea; oversaw sailors
Symbols: black chariot
Symbols: trident, dolphin
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Main Gods and Goddesses Greek and Roman Mythology
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Main Gods and Goddesses Greek and Roman Mythology
Greek Name Hephaestus Roman Name Vulcan
Greek Name Hestia Roman Name Vesta Job Description: goddess of hearth and home; protector of orphans
Job Description: god of metal crafts and fire
Symbols: hammer, forge
Symbols: hearth fires
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Main Gods and Goddesses Greek and Roman Mythology
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Main Gods and Goddesses Greek and Roman Mythology
Greek Name Iris Roman Name Iris
Greek Name Apollo Roman Name Apollo
Job Description: god of the sun, music, and healing
Job Description: goddess of the rainbow
Symbols: golden chariot, lyre, laurel, 7
Symbols: rainbow
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Main Gods and Goddesses Greek and Roman Mythology
September 12, 2012
Characters and MONSTERS!! Greek Mythology
Who: The Amazons Greek Name Eros Roman Name Cupid Job Description: god of love Symbols: bow and arrow, dart
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Characters and MONSTERS!! Greek Mythology
Who: Centaur
What: A halfhorse, halfman creature that lived in the mountains. Characteristics: They practiced archery and were famous for their crazy, rowdy behavior.
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Characters and MONSTERS!! Greek Mythology
Who: Chimera
What: A female firebreathing monster with the head, mane, and body of a lion, a goat's head on its back, and a serpent as a tail. Characteristics: Tormented cities by breathing fire as hot as the lava of a volcano.
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What: A group of women warriors who lived in a society made up of women. They only raised daughters Characteristics: Amazonian women were fierce archers who were also brave warriors.
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Characters and MONSTERS!! Greek Mythology
Who: Cerberus
What: A threeheaded dog with sharp claws, snakes wrapped around the neck, and a snake's tail. Characteristics: Cerberus guarded the gates of the underworld to keep the dead from escaping and was controlled by Hades.
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Characters and MONSTERS!! Greek Mythology
Who: Cyclopes
What: A very large, muscular creature with one eye in the center of its forehead Characteristics: Master craftsmen who made weapons for the gods; some cyclopes ate people
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Mythology.notebook
Characters and MONSTERS!! Greek Mythology
September 12, 2012
Characters and MONSTERS!! Greek Mythology
Who: Hydra Who: Harpies What: Monsters with the head of a woman and the body of a vulture Characteristics: Haripes were filthy, smelly, hungry creatures who tormented their prey. They often worked for Zeus as "people removers."
What: A giant water serpent with many heads. The center head was immortal and a head that was cut off would grow back quickly with two taking its place. Characteristics: A hydra had poisonous blood and could kill humans with its breath or the scent from its tracks
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Characters and MONSTERS!! Greek Mythology
Characters and MONSTERS!! Greek Mythology
Who: Medusa What: A female monster covered in lizard scales. She had claws, the teeth of a boar, and a nest of snakes for hair. Characteristics: Anyone who made eye contact with Medusa turned to stone. Her head was eventually cut off and placed on Athena's shield.
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Characters and MONSTERS!! Greek Mythology
Who: Minotaur What: A huge, muscular monster with the head and tail of a bull and the body of a man. Characteristics: It lives in a maze called the Labyrinth and survives by cornering and eating people put in the maze for punishment.
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Characters and MONSTERS!! Greek Mythology
Who: Python Who: Pegasus
What: A beautiful white horse that had a flowing mane and full, feathery wings. Characteristics: Pegasus is immortal and often allows Zeus to throw lightening bolts from its back. It also pulls Apollo's chariot across the sky.
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What: A huge snake born out of slimy filth that guarded Mount Parnassus until Apollo killed it. Characteristics: Python was fierce and very large.
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Mythology.notebook
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Characters and MONSTERS!! Greek Mythology
Who: Sirens What: A group of females with birdlike bodies and magical, beautiful voices that live on an island. Characteristics: Their songs drew sailors into the rocks near the island and caused massive shipwrecks.
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Characters and MONSTERS!! Greek Mythology
Who: Sphinx What: A creature with an eagle's wings, lion's body, serpent's tail, and woman's head. Characteristics: A mysterious creature that guarded entrances. It would make people solve a riddle before they could enter an area.
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Characters and MONSTERS!! Greek Mythology
Who: Typhon What: A creature with 101 heads (one at the neck and 50 coming out of each hand). Its legs were two hissing snakes and deadly venom oozed from its eyes. Characteristics: It was a giant able to hurl mountains and spit fire. Legend has it that the Typhon was buried and became a volcano.
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