ȀǹȉǹīȇǹĭǾ ǹȇǻǼȊȉǿȀǾȈ ȆȇǹȀȉǿȀǾȈ Ȁǹǿ ǹȃǹȆȉȊȄǾ ǻǿǹǻǿȀȉȊǹȀȅȊ ǼȇīǹȁǼǿȅȊ ǻǿǹȋǼǿȇǿȈǾȈ ǹȇǻǼȊȈǾȈ īǿǹ ȉǾȃ ȆǼȇǿȅȋǾ ȉǾȈ ǹȇȉǹȈ ǿ.ȁ. ȉıȚȡȠȖȚȐȞȞȘȢ* țĮȚ Ȉ. ȉȡȚȐȞIJȠȢ ȉȝ. ǹȞșȠțȠȝȓĮȢ – ǹȡȤȚIJİțIJȠȞȚțȒȢ ȉȠʌȓȠȣ, ȈȤȠȜȒ ȉİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓĮȢ īİȦʌȠȞȓĮȢ, ȉǼǿ ǾʌİȓȡȠȣ, ȉ.Ĭ. 110, 47100 DZȡIJĮ * E-mail: [email protected] ȆǼȇǿȁǾȌǾ ȈIJȘȞ İȡȖĮıȓĮ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚ ıIJȠȚȤİȓĮ ʌȠȣ ʌȡȠȑțȣȥĮȞ Įʌȩ țĮIJĮȖȡĮijȒ IJȘȢ ĮȡįİȣIJȚțȒȢ ʌȡĮțIJȚțȒȢ țĮȜȜȚİȡȖİȚȫȞ ıIJȠ ȞȠȝȩ IJȘȢ DZȡIJĮȢ. ȉĮ įİįȠȝȑȞĮ ȑįİȚȟĮȞ ȩIJȚ IJĮ ʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡĮ ıȣıIJȒȝĮIJĮ ȐȡįİȣıȘȢ ȑȤȠȣȞ ʌȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮ ıȤİįȚĮıȝȠȪ țĮȚ İȖțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȢ ʌȠȣ ȠįȘȖȠȪȞ ıİ ȤĮȝȘȜȒ ĮʌȠIJİȜİıȝĮIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮ İȞȫ Ƞ ʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȩȢ IJȦȞ ĮȡįİȪıİȦȞ ȖȓȞİIJĮȚ İȝʌİȚȡȚțȐ. Ȃİ IJȘ įİįȠȝȑȞȘ ȣʌȠįȠȝȒ, ĮȣIJȩ ʌȠȣ șĮ ȝʌȠȡȠȪıİ ȞĮ ȠįȘȖȒıİȚ ȐȝİıĮ ıİ ĮȪȟȘıȘ IJȘȢ ĮʌȠIJİȜİıȝĮIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮȢ IJȦȞ ĮȡįİȪıİȦȞ İȓȞĮȚ Ș ȠȡșȩIJİȡȘ įȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘ IJȦȞ ıȣıIJȘȝȐIJȦȞ. Ȉİ ĮȣIJȩ IJȠ ʌȜĮȓıȚȠ ĮȞĮʌIJȪȤșȘțİ ȑȞĮ įȚĮįȚțIJȣĮțȩ İȡȖĮȜİȓȠ ʌȠȣ ʌĮȡȑȤİȚ ıIJȠȚȤİȓĮ ȖȚĮ IJȘȞ İȟĮIJȝȚıȠįȚĮʌȞȠȒ IJȘȢ ʌȡȠȘȖȠȪȝİȞȘȢ ȘȝȑȡĮȢ țĮșȫȢ țĮȚ įȣȞĮIJȩIJȘIJĮ İțIJȓȝȘıȘȢ ıȤİIJȚțȐ ȝİ IJȠ ȤȡȩȞȠ țĮȚ IJȘ įȩıȘ IJȘȢ İʌȩȝİȞȘȢ ȐȡįİȣıȘȢ. ȉȠ İȡȖĮȜİȓȠ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓ Įʌȩ IJȠ ȂȐȚȠ IJȠȣ 2008 țĮȚ ȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞ șİIJȚțȑȢ ĮȞĮijȠȡȑȢ ıȤİIJȚțȐ ȝİ IJȘ ȤȡȒıȘ IJȠȣ. ȁȑȟİȚȢ țȜİȚįȚȐ: ĮȡįİȣIJȚțȒ ʌȡĮțIJȚțȒ, ȣįĮIJȚțȩ ȚıȠȗȪȖȚȠ, ʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȩȢ ĮȡįİȪıİȦȞ.

EVALUATION OF IRRIGATION PRACTICE AND DEVELOPMENT OF A WEB TOOL FOR IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IN THE AREA OF ARTA / GREECE I. L. Tsirogiannis* and S. Triantos Dept. of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Technological Educational Institution of Epirus, P.O. Box 110, 47100 Arta, Greece * E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT In this study information is presented regarding the design, installation and management of irrigation systems for the main cultivations of the prefecture of Arta (citrus, olives and kiwi). Data revealed the typical problems of irrigation practice in Greece: illegal drillings, empirical system design and sub or over irrigation. With the given infrastructure, irrigation systems efficiency could promptly increased, if more reasonable water management was applied. Based on this assumption a relevant web tool was developed. From this web site, information regarding daily evapotranspiration –based on actual meteorological data- is provided along with an estimator –based on water balance calculations- for the time and duration of the next irrigation event. The feedback from the users is very positive. Key words: irrigation practice, water balance, irrigation scheduling.

6ȠȆĮȞİȜȜȒȞȚȠȈȣȞȑįȡȚȠǼIJĮȚȡİȓĮȢīİȦȡȖȚțȫȞȂȘȤĮȞȚțȫȞǼȜȜȐįȠȢ ³ǾīİȦȡȖȚțȒȂȘȤĮȞȚțȒțĮȚȘȂȘȤĮȞȚțȒǺȚȠıȣıIJȘȝȐIJȦȞıIJȘȞİʌȠȤȒIJȦȞȕȚȠțĮȣıȓȝȦȞ țĮȚIJȦȞțȜȚȝĮIJȚțȫȞĮȜȜĮȖȫȞ´ĬİııĮȜȠȞȓțȘȅțIJȦȕȡȓȠȣ



6ȠȆĮȞİȜȜȒȞȚȠȈȣȞȑįȡȚȠǼIJĮȚȡİȓĮȢīİȦȡȖȚțȫȞȂȘȤĮȞȚțȫȞǼȜȜȐįȠȢ

1. ǼǿȈǹīȍīǾ ȈIJȘȞ ǼȜȜȐįĮ İțIJȚȝȐIJĮȚ ȩIJȚ IJȠ 80% IJȦȞ ȣįĮIJȚțȫȞ ʌȩȡȦȞ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚ ȖȚĮ ȐȡįİȣıȘ țĮȚ ȖȚĮ IJȠ ȜȩȖȠ ĮȣIJȩ Ƞ ȕȑȜIJȚıIJȠȢ ʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȩȢ IJȦȞ ĮȡįİȪıİȦȞ ĮʌȠIJİȜİȓ ȑȞĮ ȠȜȠȑȞĮ țĮȚ ĮȣȟĮȞȩȝİȞȘȢ ıȘȝĮıȓĮȢ țĮȜȜȚİȡȖȘIJȚțȩ ıIJȩȤȠ (ȉıȠIJıȩȜȘȢ, 2008). ǼʌĮȡțȒȢ İijȠįȚĮıȝȩȢ IJȦȞ țĮȜȜȚİȡȖİȚȫȞ ȝİ Ȟİȡȩ ȠįȘȖİȓ ıİ ĮʌȠIJİȜİıȝĮIJȚțȩIJİȡȘ ȤȡȒıȘ IJȠȣ, ȕȠȘșȐ IJĮ ijȣIJȐ ȞĮ ĮʌȠijȪȖȠȣȞ Ȓ ȞĮ ȟİʌİȡȐıȠȣȞ țĮIJĮıIJȐıİȚȢ țĮIJĮʌȩȞȘıȘȢ țĮȚ ĮȣȟȐȞİȚ IJȘȞ ʌĮȡĮȖȦȖȒ (Allen ț.Į., 1998). Ǿ ȝİȖȐȜȘ ʌȜİȚȠȥȘijȓĮ IJȦȞ ʌȡȠıİȖȖȓıİȦȞ ʌȠȣ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȠȪȞIJĮȚ ȖȚĮ IJȘȞ țĮIJȐȡIJȚıȘ ʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝȐIJȦȞ ȐȡįİȣıȘȢ ȕĮıȓȗİIJĮȚ ıIJȘȞ İțIJȓȝȘıȘ IJȘȢ İȟĮIJȝȚıȠįȚĮʌȞȠȒȢ ȝİ ȕȐıȘ ȚıȠȗȪȖȚĮ İȞȑȡȖİȚĮȢ țĮȚ ȝȐȗĮȢ (Allen ț.Į., 1998; Donatelli ț.Į., 2006) țĮȚ țĮIJĮȜȒȖİȚ ıİ ʌȡȠIJȐıİȚȢ ıȤİIJȚțȐ ȝİ IJȘ ıȣȤȞȩIJȘIJĮ țĮȚ IJȘ įȚȐȡțİȚĮ IJȦȞ ĮȡįİȣIJȚțȫȞ ȖİȖȠȞȩIJȦȞ. Ȉİ ĮȣIJȩ IJȠ ʌȜĮȓıȚȠ țĮȚ ȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮ ıIJȘȞ İʌȠȤȒ ȝĮȢ ȩʌȠȣ İȝijĮȞȓȗȠȞIJĮȚ ȑȞIJȠȞĮ ijĮȚȞȩȝİȞĮ ȜİȚȥȣįȡȓĮȢ țĮȚ ȗȘIJȠȪȞIJĮȚ ʌȡȦIJȠȕȠȣȜȓİȢ ȖȚĮ IJȘȞ ĮʌȠIJİȜİıȝĮIJȚțȩIJİȡȘ ȤȡȒıȘ IJȠȣ ȞİȡȠȪ (ȅįȘȖȓĮ 2000/60/ǼȀ) șİȦȡȒșȘțİ ıțȩʌȚȝȘ Ș țĮIJĮȖȡĮijȒ IJȘȢ ĮȡįİȣIJȚțȒȢ ʌȡĮțIJȚțȒȢ ıIJȠ ȞȠȝȩ IJȘȢ DZȡIJĮȢ ȫıIJİ ȞĮ İțIJȚȝȘșİȓ Ș țĮIJȐıIJĮıȘ ȩıȠ ĮijȠȡȐ IJȠ ıȤİįȚĮıȝȩ, IJȘȞ İȖțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘ țĮȚ IJȘȞ įȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘ IJȦȞ ıȣıIJȘȝȐIJȦȞ ȐȡįİȣıȘȢ. ȉİȜȚțȩȢ ıțȠʌȩȢ IJȘȢ ȑȡİȣȞĮȢ ĮȣIJȒȢ ȒIJĮȞ ıİ ʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘ ʌȠȣ İȞIJȠʌȚıIJȠȪȞ ʌȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮ ȞĮ ʌȡȠIJĮșȠȪȞ țĮȚ ȣȜȠʌȠȚȘșȠȪȞ ȠȚțȠȞȠȝȚțȑȢ țĮȚ ʌȡĮțIJȚțȐ İijĮȡȝȩıȚȝİȢ İȞȑȡȖİȚİȢ ʌȠȣ șĮ İȓȤĮȞ IJȘȞ ʌȡȠȠʌIJȚțȒ ȐȝİıȘȢ ȕİȜIJȓȦıȘȢ IJȘȢ țĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȢ. ȈIJȠ ʌȜĮȓıȚȠ ĮȣIJȩ Ș ĮȞȐʌIJȣȟȘ İȞȩȢ įȚĮįȚțIJȣĮțȠȪ İȡȖĮȜİȓȠȣ IJȠ ȠʌȠȓȠ șĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓȗİȚ IJȘȞ İȟĮIJȝȚıȠįȚĮʌȞȠȒ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȐ įİįȠȝȑȞĮ ʌȠȣ șĮ ıȣȜȜȑȖȠȞIJĮȚ ĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮ țĮȚ șĮ ʌĮȡȐȖİȚ ıȤİIJȚțȑȢ ʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢ ĮȜȜȐ țĮȚ ıȣȝȕȠȣȜȑȢ ȩıȠ ĮijȠȡȐ IJȠȞ ʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȩ IJȦȞ ĮȡįİȪıİȦȞ İȓȞĮȚ ȝİȖȐȜȘȢ ıȘȝĮıȓĮȢ. ȉȠ İȡȖĮȜİȓȠ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ȡȣșȝȓȗİIJĮȚ ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ IJȠʌȚțȑȢ ıȣȞșȒțİȢ țĮȚ ĮȣIJȩ ʌȡȠȨʌȠșȑIJİȚ IJȘȞ ȖȞȫıȘ IJȦȞ İȚįȚțȫȞ ȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȫȞ IJȦȞ țĮȜȜȚİȡȖİȚȫȞ țĮȚ IJȘȢ IJȠʌȚțȒȢ țĮȜȜȚİȡȖȘIJȚțȒȢ țĮȚ ĮȡįİȣIJȚțȒȢ ʌȡĮțIJȚțȒȢ (ȆĮʌĮȗĮijİȚȡȓȠȣ, 1984; Maton ț.Į., 2005). ȈIJĮIJȚțȩ Ȓ įȣȞĮȝȚțȩ ȜȠȖȚıȝȚțȩ ȑȤİȚ ȒįȘ ĮȞĮʌIJȣȤșİȓ ȝİ ıțȠʌȩ IJȘȞ ȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘ IJȦȞ ȖİȦʌȩȞȦȞ ıIJȠȞ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȚıȝȩ İȟĮIJȝȚıȠįȚĮʌȞȠȒȢ țĮȚ ĮȞĮȖțȫȞ IJȦȞ ijȣIJȫȞ ıİ Ȟİȡȩ ıIJȠ ʌȜĮȓıȚȠ ıȤİįȚĮıȝȠȪ țĮȚ įȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘȢ ĮȡįİȣIJȚțȫȞ ıȣıIJȘȝȐIJȦȞ. ȀĮȜȐ ʌĮȡĮįİȓȖȝĮIJĮ ĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞ IJĮ CropWat (FAO, 2008), CIMIS (DWR, 2008) țĮȚ WeatherTRAK (Aquacraft Inc., 2001). ȈIJȘȞ ǼȜȜȐįĮ ıȤİIJȚțȑȢ ʌȡȠıʌȐșİȚİȢ ȑȤȠȣȞ ȦȢ ĮʌȠIJȑȜİıȝĮ ȑȦȢ IJȫȡĮ IJȘȞ ʌĮȡĮȖȦȖȒ ıIJĮIJȚțȠȪ țȣȡȓȦȢ ȜȠȖȚıȝȚțȠȪ (ȋĮȡIJȗȠȣȜȐțȘȢ ț.Į., 2007; ȈĮȝĮȡȐȢ, 2008). ȉİȜİȣIJĮȓĮ ıIJȘȞ ȆİȡȚijȑȡİȚĮ ȀİȞIJȡȚțȒȢ ȂĮțİįȠȞȓĮȢ, įİįȠȝȑȞĮ İȟĮIJȝȚıȠįȚĮʌȞȠȒȢ ʌȠȣ ȕĮıȓȗȠȞIJĮȚ ıİ ȝİIJȡȒıİȚȢ ȝİIJİȦȡȠȜȠȖȚțȫȞ ıIJĮșȝȫȞ įȚĮIJȓșİȞIJĮȚ ıIJȠ țȠȚȞȩ (ǹȡĮȝʌĮIJȗȒȢ țĮȚ ȂĮȜȚIJıȓįȠȣ, 2009). Ǿ ĮȟȚȠȜȩȖȘıȘ IJȦȞ İȡȖĮȜİȓȦȞ ĮȣIJȫȞ ȑȤİȚ ȞĮ İʌȚįİȓȟİȚ İȞIJȣʌȦıȚĮțȐ ĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȝĮIJĮ ȝȚĮ țĮȚ ĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚ ȝİȓȦıȘ IJȘȢ țĮIJĮȞȐȜȦıȘȢ ȞİȡȠȪ ıİ İʌȓʌİįĮ IJȠȣ 20% ȖȚĮ İȜĮȚȠțĮȜȜȚȑȡȖİȚĮ ıIJȘȞ ȀȡȒIJȘ (ȋĮȡIJȗȠȣȜȐțȘȢ ț.Į., 2007), IJȠȣ 15-45% ȖȚĮ ĮȖȡȠIJȚțȑȢ țĮȜȜȚȑȡȖİȚİȢ ıIJȘȞ ȂĮțİįȠȞȓĮ (ǹȡĮȝʌĮIJȗȒȢ țĮȚ ȂĮȜȚIJıȓįȠȣ, 2009) țĮȚ IJȠȣ 44% ȖȚĮ ȐȡįİȣıȘ ȤȫȡȦȞ ʌȡȐıȚȞȠȣ ıIJȘȞ ȀĮȜȚijȩȡȞȚĮ (CIMIS, 2008). 2. ȊȁǿȀǹ Ȁǹǿ ȂǼĬȅǻȅǿ Ǿ İȡȖĮıȓĮ ĮijȠȡȐ IJȘȞ ʌİȡȚȠȤȒ IJȘȢ DZȡIJĮȢ (ǺȩȡİȚȠ-ǻȣIJȚțȒ ǼȜȜȐįĮ). ȉȠ İȞįȚĮijȑȡȠȞ İıIJȚȐıIJȘțİ ıİ IJȡİȚȢ Įʌȩ IJȚȢ țȪȡȚİȢ țĮȜȜȚȑȡȖİȚİȢ IJȘȢ ʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢ, IJȘȞ ʌȠȡIJȠțĮȜȚȐ, IJȘȞ İȜȚȐ țĮȚ IJȠ ĮțIJȚȞȓįȚȠ ʌȠȣ ĮȞIJȚʌȡȠıȦʌİȪȠȣȞ IJȠ 24%, 25% țĮȚ 12% IJȘȢ ıȣȞȠȜȚțȒȢ ȖİȦȡȖȚțȒȢ ȖȘȢ IJȘȢ DZȡIJĮȢ ĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤĮ (ȃ.ǹ. DZȡIJĮȢ, 2008). 2.1. ȀǹȉǹīȇǹĭǾ ǹȇǻǼȊȉǿȀǾȈ ȆȇǹȀȉǿȀǾȈ ȅȚ ȝİIJȡȒıİȚȢ ĮijȠȡȠȪȞ IJȘȞ ĮȡįİȣIJȚțȒ ʌİȡȓȠįȠ 2008 (ȂȐȚȠȢ – ȈİʌIJȑȝȕȡȚȠȢ). īȚĮ IJȘȞ țĮIJĮȖȡĮijȒ IJȘȢ ĮȡįİȣIJȚțȒȢ ʌȡĮțIJȚțȒȢ ĮțȠȜȠȣșȒșȘțĮȞ įȪȠ ʌĮȡȐȜȜȘȜİȢ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓİȢ: x ıȣȝʌȜȒȡȦıȘ İȞȩȢ İȚįȚțȐ ʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȝȑȞȠȣ İȡȦIJȘȝĮIJȠȜȠȖȓȠȣ țĮIJĮȖȡĮijȒȢ 

ȊįĮIJȚțȠȓȆȩȡȠȚ

ĮȡįİȣIJȚțȒȢ ʌȡĮțIJȚțȒȢ ȝȑıȦ ıȣȞİȞIJİȪȟİȦȞ țĮȚ x İȖțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘ ȣįȡȠȝȑIJȡȦȞ țĮȚ ȝȚțȡȫȞ țĮIJĮȖȡĮijȚțȫȞ ȝİIJİȦȡȠȜȠȖȚțȫȞ ʌĮȡĮȝȑIJȡȦȞ ıİ İʌȚȜİȖȝȑȞİȢ İțȝİIJĮȜȜİȪıİȚȢ (ȝȓĮ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ țĮȜȜȚȑȡȖİȚĮ) ȝİ ıțȠʌȩ IJȘ ıȪȖțȡȚıȘ IJȘȢ İijĮȡȝȠȗȩȝİȞȘȢ ȝİ IJȘȞ șİȦȡȘIJȚțȐ İțIJȚȝȠȪȝİȞȘ ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ ȞİȡȠȪ ȉȠ İȡȦIJȘȝĮIJȠȜȩȖȚȠ ʌİȡȚİȜȐȝȕĮȞİ İȡȦIJȒıİȚȢ ʌȠȣ ĮijȠȡȠȪıĮȞ IJȚȢ ĮțȩȜȠȣșİȢ ʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢ: șȑıȘ ĮȖȡȠIJİȝĮȤȓȠȣ țĮȚ țĮȜȜȚȑȡȖİȚĮ, ʌȘȖȒ ȞİȡȠȪ, ʌİȡȚȖȡĮijȒ ĮȡįİȣIJȚțȠȪ įȚțIJȪȠȣ (ıȤİįȚĮıȝȩȢ, İȖțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘ, ıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘ), įȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘ ȐȡįİȣıȘȢ țĮȚ ȖİȞȚțȑȢ ʌĮȡĮIJȘȡȒıİȚȢ. DzȖȚȞĮȞ ıȣȞİȞIJİȪȟİȚȢ ıİ 300 ʌĮȡĮȖȦȖȠȪȢ. īȚĮ IJȘ ȝȑIJȡȘıȘ IJȘȢ İijĮȡȝȠȗȩȝİȞȘȢ ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȢ ȞİȡȠȪ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒșȘțĮȞ ĮʌȜȐ ȣįȡȩȝİIJȡĮ ȡȚʌȒȢ 1’’ (SISMAR, Italy) ʌȠȣ IJȠʌȠșİIJȒșȘțĮȞ ıİ 4 ȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȠȪȢ ĮȖȦȖȠȪȢ İijĮȡȝȠȖȒȢ IJȦȞ ıȣıIJȘȝȐIJȦȞ ȐȡįİȣıȘȢ. ȆĮȡȐȜȜȘȜĮ IJȠʌȠșİIJȒșȘțĮȞ țĮȚ țĮIJĮȖȡĮijȚțȐ șİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ (°C) țĮȚ ıȤİIJȚțȒȢ ȣȖȡĮıȓĮȢ (%) ĮȑȡĮ (model H08-032-08, HOBO instruments, USA) ȝİ ıțȠʌȩ IJȘȞ İțIJȓȝȘıȘ IJȘȢ İȟĮIJȝȚıȠįȚĮʌȞȠȒȢ ȝȑıȦ IJȘȢ ȝİșȩįȠȣ FAO / Hargreaves [Ǽȟ. 1] (Allen ț.Į., 1998; ȀȠȣIJıȠȖȚȐȞȞȘȢ, 2000). ȅȚ ʌĮȡĮȖȦȖȠȓ ıȣȝʌȜȒȡȦȞĮȞ İȚįȚțȩ ijȪȜȜȠ țĮIJĮȖȡĮijȒȢ ĮȡįİȣIJȚțȫȞ ȖİȖȠȞȩIJȦȞ İȞȫ ĮȞȐ IJĮțIJȐ ȤȡȠȞȚțȐ įȚĮıIJȒȝĮIJĮ ȖȓȞȠȞIJĮȞ İʌȚıțȑȥİȚȢ ȝİ ıțȠʌȩ IJȘȞ țĮIJĮȖȡĮijȒ IJȦȞ İȞįİȓȟİȦȞ IJȦȞ ȣįȡȠȝȑIJȡȦȞ. 2.2. ǹȃǹȆȉȊȄǾ ǼȇīǹȁǼǿȅȊ ǻǿǹȋǼǿȇǿȈǾȈ ȉǾȈ ǹȇǻǼȊȈǾȈ īȚĮ IJȘȞ ȝȑIJȡȘıȘ țȜȚȝĮIJȚțȫȞ ʌĮȡĮȝȑIJȡȦȞ țĮȚ IJȘȞ İțIJȓȝȘıȘ IJȘȢ İȟĮIJȝȚıȠįȚĮʌȞȠȒȢ ıIJȘȞ ʌİȡȚȠȤȒ IJȘȢ DZȡIJĮȢ, ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒșȘțĮȞ įȪȠ ȝİIJİȦȡȠȜȠȖȚțȠȓ ıIJĮșȝȠȓ (model Vantage Pro2 Wireless, Fan-aspirated, DAVIS instruments, USA), ȑȞĮȢ ıIJȘ ǺȜĮȤȑȡȞĮ (39Ƞ 10’ 21.74’’Ǻ, 21Ƞ 05’ 01.87’’ǹ) țĮȚ ȑȞĮȢ ıIJȠ ȀȠȝʌȩIJȚ (39Ƞ 10’ 21.74’’Ǻ, 20Ƞ 59’ 57,92’’ǹ). ȅȚ ıIJĮșȝȠȓ İȓȤĮȞ ĮȚıșȘIJȒȡȚĮ ȖȚĮ ȝȑIJȡȘıȘ șİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ țĮȚ ȣȖȡĮıȓĮȢ ĮȑȡĮ, ȘȜȚĮțȒȢ ĮțIJȚȞȠȕȠȜȓĮȢ (ʌȣȡĮȞȩȝİIJȡȠ), ȪȥȠȣȢ ȕȡȠȤȒȢ, IJĮȤȪIJȘIJĮȢ țĮȚ įȚİȪșȣȞıȘȢ ĮȞȑȝȠȣ). Ȃİ ȕȐıȘ ĮȣIJȐ ȖȓȞİIJĮȚ ıİ ȘȝİȡȒıȚĮ ȕȐıȘ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȚıȝȩȢ IJȘȢ İȟĮIJȝȚıȠįȚĮʌȞȠȒȢ ĮȞĮijȠȡȐȢ țĮȚ ıIJȘȞ ıȣȞȑȤİȚĮ IJȦȞ İʌȚȜİȖȝȑȞȦȞ țĮȜȜȚİȡȖİȚȫȞ ȝİ ȕȐıȘ IJȘ ȝȑșȠįȠ FAO / Penman-Monteith [Ǽȟ. 2] (Allen ț.Į., 1998) ȝİ ȤȡȒıȘ țĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȦȞ ijȣIJȚțȫȞ ıȣȞIJİȜİıIJȫȞ (ǻȘȝȠȣȜȐȢ, 1988; ȆȠȞIJȓțȘȢ, 2003; ȂʌĮȜĮIJıȠȪȡĮȢ, 1992; Michelakis ț.Į., 1996; Holzapfel ț.Į., 2000; Palomo ț.Į., 2002; Grattan ț.Į., 2006; Orgaz ț.Į., 2006; Moriana ț.Į., 2007). ETc ETc

K c u ETo K c u ETo

0 ,5

K c u 0,0023Tmean  17,8 Tmax  Tmin Ra Kc u

0,408' ( R n  G )  J

900 7mean  273

u 2 (e s  e a )

'  J (1  0,34u 2 )

(1) (2)

ȩʌȠȣ: Eȉc: įȣȞȘIJȚțȒ İȟĮIJȝȚıȠįȚĮʌȞȠȒ țĮȜȜȚȑȡȖİȚĮȢ (mm day-1), Ȁc: ijȣIJȚțȩȢ ıȣȞIJİȜİıIJȒȢ, ETo: İȟĮIJȝȚıȠįȚĮʌȞȠȒ ĮȞĮijȠȡȐȢ (mm day-1), ȉmean, Tmax, Tmin: ȝȑıȘ, ȝȑȖȚıIJȘ țĮȚ İȜȐȤȚıIJȘ șİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ ĮȑȡĮ ĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤĮ (oC), Ra: ĮțIJȚȞȠȕȠȜȓĮ ıIJȠ İȟȦIJİȡȚțȩ IJȘȢ ĮIJȝȩıijĮȚȡĮȢ (mm day-1), Rn: țĮșĮȡȒ ĮțIJȚȞȠȕȠȜȓĮ (MJ m-2 day-1), G: ȡȠȒ șİȡȝȩIJȘIJĮȢ ıIJȠ ȑįĮijȠȢ (MJ m-2 day-1), u2: IJĮȤȪIJȘIJĮ ĮȞȑȝȠȣ (m s-1), es-ea: ȑȜȜİȚȝȝĮ ʌȓİıȘȢ țȠȡİıȝȠȪ (kPa), ǻ: țȜȓıȘ IJȘȢ țĮȝʌȪȜȘȢ țȠȡİıȝȠȪ ʌȓİıȘȢ ȣįȡĮIJȝȫȞ (kPa °C-1), Ȗ: ȥȣȤȡȠȝİIJȡȚțȒ ıIJĮșİȡȐ (kPa °C-1). ȈIJȠ ʌȜĮȓıȚȠ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ IJȠȣ İȡȖĮȜİȓȠȣ įȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘȢ șİȦȡȒșȘțİ ıțȩʌȚȝȠ ȞĮ İȞIJĮȤșİȓ țĮȚ ʌȡȩȖȞȦıȘ IJȦȞ ĮȞĮȖțȫȞ IJȦȞ țĮȜȜȚİȡȖİȚȫȞ ıİ Ȟİȡȩ Ș ȠʌȠȓĮ ȕĮıȓȗİIJĮȚ ıİ ȝİIJİȦȡȠȜȠȖȚțȑȢ ʌĮȡĮȝȑIJȡȠȣȢ ʌȠȣ ʌȡȠțȪʌIJȠȣȞ Įʌȩ İijĮȡȝȠȖȒ IJȠȣ ʌȡȠȖȞȦıIJȚțȠȪ ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠȣ BO.L.A.M. (Lagouvardos ț.Į., 2003) țĮȚ ʌĮȡȑȤȠȞIJĮȚ ĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮ ıİ ȘȜİțIJȡȠȞȚțȒ ȝȠȡijȒ Įʌȩ IJȠ ǹıIJİȡȠıțȠʌİȓȠ ǹșȘȞȫȞ.

53

6ȠȆĮȞİȜȜȒȞȚȠȈȣȞȑįȡȚȠǼIJĮȚȡİȓĮȢīİȦȡȖȚțȫȞȂȘȤĮȞȚțȫȞǼȜȜȐįȠȢ

3. ǹȆȅȉǼȁǼȈȂǹȉǹ ȀǹȉǹīȇǹĭǾȈ ǵʌȦȢ ȒįȘ ĮȞĮijȑȡșȘțİ Ș țĮIJĮȖȡĮijȒ IJȘȢ ĮȡįİȣIJȚțȒȢ ʌȡĮțIJȚțȒȢ ĮijȠȡȠȪıİ IJȡİȚȢ Įʌȩ IJȚȢ țȣȡȚȩIJİȡİȢ țĮȜȜȚȑȡȖİȚİȢ IJȠȣ ȞȠȝȠȪ DZȡIJĮȢ. Ǿ țĮȜȜȚȑȡȖİȚĮ ʌȠȡIJȠțĮȜȚȫȞ ĮijȠȡȠȪıİ IJȠ 59% IJȠȣ įİȓȖȝĮIJȠȢ, İȞȫ IJĮ ĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤĮ ʌȠıȠıIJȐ ȖȚĮ İȜȚȐ țĮȚ ĮțIJȚȞȓįȚȠ ȒIJĮȞ 21% țĮȚ 20%. Ǿ ʌȣțȞȩIJȘIJĮ ijȪIJİȣıȘȢ ȒIJĮȞ 51, 30 țĮȚ 57 ijȣIJȐ/1000m2 İȞȫ Ș ȝȑıȘ ȘȜȚțȓĮ IJȦȞ ijȣIJȫȞ ȒIJĮȞ 26, 17 țĮȚ 8,2 ȑIJȘ ȖȚĮ IJĮ ʌȠȡIJȠțȐȜȚĮ, IJȚȢ İȜȚȑȢ țĮȚ IJĮ ĮțIJȚȞȓįȚĮ ĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤĮ. 35%

ǹȞȐȜȣıȘ İįȐijȠȣȢ;

23%

46% 97%

9%

īİȫIJȡȘıȘ;

DZįİȚĮ ȖİȫIJȡȘıȘȢ

0% 0% 0%

AȞȐȜȣıȘ ȞİȡȠȪ;

0% 0% 0% 0%

46% ǹțIJȚȞȓįȚĮ ǼȜȚȑȢ ȆȠȡIJȠțȐȜȚĮ 20%

40% 60% 80% 100% ȆȠıȠıIJȩ șİIJȚțȫȞ ĮʌĮȞIJȒıİȦȞ İʌȓ IJȠȣ ıȣȞȩȜȠȣ

ǼȚțȩȞĮ 1. ȈIJȠȚȤİȓĮ ıȤİIJȚțȐ ȝİ IJȚȢ ȣįȡȠȜȘȥȓİȢ țĮȚ IJȠ ȑįĮijȠȢ. ǵıȠ ĮijȠȡȐ IJȘȞ ʌȘȖȒ IJȠȣ ȞİȡȠȪ (ǼȚțȩȞĮ 1) Ș țĮIJĮȖȡĮijȒ ȑįİȚȟİ ȩIJȚ İȞȫ ȠȚ ȖİȦIJȡȒıİȚȢ ĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞ IJȘȞ ȣįȡȠȜȘȥȓĮ ıİ ȝİȖȐȜȠ ʌȠıȠıIJȩ IJȦȞ ıȣıIJȘȝȐIJȦȞ, ȖȚĮ țĮȝȓĮ Įʌȩ IJȚȢ ȖİȦIJȡȒıİȚȢ IJȠȣ įİȓȖȝĮIJȠȢ ʌȠȣ țĮIJĮȖȡȐijȘțİ įİȞ İȓȤİ ȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦșİȓ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ ĮįİȚȠįȩIJȘıȘȢ. DzȞĮ ĮțȩȝȘ ȕĮıȚțȩ ıIJȠȚȤİȓȠ İȓȞĮȚ ȩIJȚ ĮȞȐȜȣıȘ IJȠȣ ȞİȡȠȪ ʌȠȣ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚ ȖȚĮ IJȘȞ ȐȡįİȣıȘ țĮșȫȢ țĮȚ IJȠȣ İįȐijȠȣȢ (ȕĮıȚțȐ įİįȠȝȑȞĮ IJȩıȠ ȖȚĮ IJȠ ıȤİįȚĮıȝȩ IJȠȣ ıȣıIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ ȩıȠ țĮȚ IJȘ įȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘ IJȘȢ ȐȡįİȣıȘȢ) ȖȓȞİIJĮȚ ıİ ʌȡĮțIJȚțȐ ȝȘįİȞȚțȐ țĮȚ ȝȚțȡȐ ʌȠıȠıIJȐ ĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤĮ (ǼȚțȩȞĮ 1). DzȞĮ İȞIJȣʌȦıȚĮțȩ ıIJȠȚȤİȓȠ ʌȠȣ ʌȡȠȑțȣȥİ Įʌȩ IJȚȢ ıȣȞİȞIJİȪȟİȚȢ İȓȞĮȚ ȩIJȚ ʌȠȜȜȠȓ ĮȖȡȩIJİȢ ĮȞIJȜȠȪȞ Ȟİȡȩ ȖȚĮ ȐȡįİȣıȘ Įʌȩ IJȚȢ IJȐijȡȠȣȢ ĮʌȠıIJȡȐȖȖȚıȘȢ IJȠȣ țȐȝʌȠȣ IJȘȢ DZȡIJĮȢ. ǼʌȚijĮȞİȚĮțȒ

ȂȚțȡȠİțIJȠȟİȣIJȒȡİȢ

100% 80%

51%

60%

94%

97%

40% 20%

49% 6%

3%

0% ȆȠȡIJȠțȐȜȚĮ

ǼȜȚȑȢ

ǹțIJȚȞȓįȚĮ

ǼȚțȩȞĮ 2. ȉȪʌȠȚ ıȣıIJȘȝȐIJȦȞ ȐȡįİȣıȘȢ. ǵıȠ ĮijȠȡȐ IJĮ ıȣıIJȒȝĮIJĮ, Ș țĮIJĮȖȡĮijȒ ȑįİȚȟİ ȩIJȚ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȠȪȞIJĮȚ țȣȡȓȦȢ ıȣıIJȒȝĮIJĮ ȝİ ȝȚțȡȠİțIJȠȟİȣIJȒȡİȢ (ǼȚțȩȞĮ 2). ȈIJĮ İıʌİȡȚįȠİȚįȒ ĮȜȜȐ țĮȚ ıIJĮ ĮțIJȚȞȓįȚĮ IJȠ ıȪıIJȘȝĮ IJȦȞ ȝȚțȡȠİțIJȠȟİȣIJȒȡȦȞ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚ țĮȚ ȖȚĮ ĮȞIJȚʌĮȖİIJȚțȒ ʌȡȠıIJĮıȓĮ. 54

ȊįĮIJȚțȠȓȆȩȡȠȚ

ǼȓȞĮȚ ȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȩ ȩIJȚ țĮȞİȓȢ įİȞ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȠȪıİ ıIJȐȖįȘȞ ȐȡįİȣıȘ. ȉĮ ıȣıIJȒȝĮIJĮ ıȤİįȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚ țĮȚ İȖțĮșȓıIJĮȞIJĮȚ ıȤİįȩȞ ĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐ Įʌȩ IJȠȣȢ ȓįȚȠȣȢ IJȠȣȢ ʌĮȡĮȖȦȖȠȪȢ Ȓ İȝʌİȚȡȠIJȑȤȞİȢ ȝİ ĮʌȠIJȑȜİıȝĮ ȞĮ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚ ʌȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ țĮȚ ȤĮȝȘȜȒ ĮʌȠIJİȜİıȝĮIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮ. Ǿ įȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘ IJȦȞ ıȣıIJȘȝȐIJȦȞ ȖȓȞİIJĮȚ ıȤİįȩȞ ĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐ ȝİ İȝʌİȚȡȚțȩ IJȡȩʌȠ ȤȦȡȓȢ ıȣȝȕȠȣȜȑȢ İȚįȚțȫȞ. ǻİȞ ȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞ İȖțĮIJİıIJȘȝȑȞĮ ȣįȡȩȝİIJȡĮ, ʌȚİıȩȝİIJȡĮ Ȓ ȐȜȜĮ ıȣıIJȒȝĮIJĮ ʌĮȡĮțȠȜȠȪșȘıȘȢ IJȠȣ ıȣıIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ ȠȪIJİ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȠȪȞIJĮȚ ıȣıțİȣȑȢ İȜȑȖȤȠȣ IJȘȢ İįĮijȚțȒȢ ȣȖȡĮıȓĮȢ. ȈIJȠ 100% IJȦȞ ıȣıIJȘȝȐIJȦȞ ȖȚĮ ĮțIJȚȞȓįȚĮ țĮȚ ıIJȠ 50% IJȦȞ ıȣıIJȘȝȐIJȦȞ ȖȚĮ ʌȠȡIJȠțĮȜȚȑȢ ȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞ ĮȣIJȠȝĮIJȚıȝȠȓ țȣȡȓȦȢ ȜȩȖȦ IJȘȢ ʌĮȡȐȜȜȘȜȘȢ ȤȡȒıȘȢ IJȠȣȢ țĮȚ ȖȚĮ ĮȞIJȚʌĮȖİIJȚțȒ ʌȡȠıIJĮıȓĮ. ȅ ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ 1 ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚ IJȣʌȚțȐ ȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȐ (ıȣȤȞȩIJȘIJĮ țĮȚ įȩıȘ) ʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝȐIJȦȞ ȐȡįİȣıȘȢ IJȦȞ IJȡȚȫȞ țĮȜȜȚİȡȖİȚȫȞ ȖȚĮ IJȠȞ ǿȠȪȜȚȠ. ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ 1. ȉȣʌȚțȐ ȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȐ ʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝȐIJȦȞ ȐȡįİȣıȘȢ ıȣıIJȘȝȐIJȦȞ ȝİ ȝȚțȡȠİțIJȠȟİȣIJȒȡİȢ ȖȚĮ IJȠȞ ȝȒȞĮ ǿȠȪȜȚȠ. ȈȣȤȞȩIJȘIJĮ (ĮȡįİȪıİȚȢ/ȝȒȞĮ) 4 4 11

ȀĮȜȜȚȑȡȖİȚĮ ȆȠȡIJȠțȐȜȚĮ ǼȜȚȑȢ ǹțIJȚȞȓįȚĮ

ǻȚȐȡțİȚĮ (h) 7,5 15 4

ǻȚĮijȠȡȐ İijĮȡȝȠıȝȑȞȘȢ-İțIJȚȝȘȝȑȞȘȢ ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȢ ȞİȡȠȪ (mm)

ǵıȠ ĮijȠȡȐ IJȘȞ țĮIJĮȖȡĮijȒ İijĮȡȝȠȗȩȝİȞȘȢ ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȢ ȞİȡȠȪ, ĮȣIJȒ įİȓȤȞİȚ ĮʌȠțȜİȓıİȚȢ Įʌȩ IJȚȢ șİȦȡȘIJȚțȐ İțIJȚȝȠȪȝİȞİȢ ĮȞȐȖțİȢ [Ǽȟ. 1]. ȅȚ ȝİIJȡȒıİȚȢ -ĮijȠȡȠȪȞ İȞįİȚțIJȚțȩ țĮȚ ȩȤȚ ĮȞIJȚʌȡȠıȦʌİȣIJȚțȩ įİȓȖȝĮ- įİȓȤȞȠȣȞ ıȣıIJȘȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ĮʌȠțȜȓıİȚȢ ıİ ȝȘȞȚĮȓĮ ȕȐıȘ țĮȚ ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ IJȡİȚȢ țĮȜȜȚȑȡȖİȚİȢ, İȞȫ ıIJȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ ijĮȓȞİIJĮȚ ȞĮ ȤȠȡȘȖİȓIJĮȚ ȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘ Įʌȩ IJȘȞ ĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȘ ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ ȞİȡȠȪ ıİ ʌȠȡIJȠțȐȜȚĮ țĮȚ İȜȚȑȢ İȞȫ IJȠ ĮȞIJȓșİIJȠ ıȣȝȕĮȓȞİȚ ıIJĮ ĮțIJȚȞȓįȚĮ (ǼȚțȩȞĮ 3). ȆȚȠ ıȣȖțİțȡȚȝȑȞĮ ijĮȓȞİIJĮȚ ȞĮ ȤȠȡȘȖİȓIJĮȚ ȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘ Įʌȩ IJȘȞ ĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȘ ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ ȞİȡȠȪ ıİ ʌȠȡIJȠțȐȜȚĮ țĮȚ İȜȚȑȢ (-30%) İȞȫ IJȠ ĮȞIJȓșİIJȠ ıȣȝȕĮȓȞİȚ ıIJĮ ĮțIJȚȞȓįȚĮ (+15%). 40,00% 20,00% 0,00% ȂȐȚȠȢ

ǿȠȪȞȚȠȢ

ǿȠȪȜȚȠȢ

ǹȪȖȠȣıIJȠȢ ȈİʌIJȑȝȕȡȚȠȢ

-20,00%

ȈȪȞȠȜȠ ʌİȡȚȩįȠȣ

-40,00% -60,00% -80,00% ȆȠȡIJȠțȐȜȚĮ -100,00%

ǼȜȚȑȢ

ǹțIJȚȞȓįȚĮ ȂȒȞĮȢ

ǼȚțȩȞĮ 3. ȆȠıȠıIJȚĮȓĮ įȚĮijȠȡȐ ȝİIJĮȟȪ İijĮȡȝȠıȝȑȞȘȢ țĮȚ șİȦȡȘIJȚțȐ İțIJȚȝȘȝȑȞȘȢ ȦȢ ĮȞȐȖțȘ ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȢ ȞİȡȠȪ. 4. ǹȃǹȆȉȊȄǾ ǼȇīǹȁǼǿȅȊ ǻǿǹȋǼǿȇǿȈǾȈ ǹȇǻǼȊȈǾȈ DzȤȠȞIJĮȢ țĮIJȐ ȞȠȣ ȩIJȚ ȝİ IJȘ įİįȠȝȑȞȘ ȣʌȠįȠȝȒ ĮȣIJȩ ʌȠȣ șĮ ȝʌȠȡȠȪıİ ȞĮ ȠįȘȖȒıİȚ ȐȝİıĮ ıİ ĮȪȟȘıȘ IJȘȢ ĮʌȠIJİȜİıȝĮIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮȢ IJȦȞ ĮȡįİȪıİȦȞ İȓȞĮȚ Ș ȠȡșȩIJİȡȘ 55

6ȠȆĮȞİȜȜȒȞȚȠȈȣȞȑįȡȚȠǼIJĮȚȡİȓĮȢīİȦȡȖȚțȫȞȂȘȤĮȞȚțȫȞǼȜȜȐįȠȢ

įȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘ IJȦȞ ıȣıIJȘȝȐIJȦȞ, ĮȞĮʌIJȪȤșȘțİ țĮȚ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİIJĮȚ İįȫ ȑȞĮ įȚĮįȚțIJȣĮțȩ İȡȖĮȜİȓȠ ʌȠȣ ıțȠʌİȪİȚ ĮțȡȚȕȫȢ ıİ ĮȣIJȩ. ȂȑıĮ Įʌȩ IJȠȞ įȣȞĮȝȚțȩ įȚĮįȚțIJȣĮțȩ IJȩʌȠ ʌȠȣ ĮȞĮʌIJȪȤșȘțİ ıİ ȖȜȫııĮ PHP ʌĮȡȑȤȠȞIJĮȚ ıIJȠȚȤİȓĮ ȖȚĮ IJȘȞ İȟĮIJȝȚıȠįȚĮʌȞȠȒ –ʌȠȣ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓȗȠȞIJĮȚ ȝİ ȕȐıȘ įİįȠȝȑȞĮ Įʌȩ IJȠȣȢ ȝİIJİȦȡȠȜȠȖȚțȠȪȢ ıIJĮșȝȠȪȢ- țĮșȫȢ țĮȚ įȣȞĮIJȩIJȘIJĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȚıȝȠȪ -ʌȠȣ ȕĮıȓȗİIJĮȚ ıIJȠ ȣįĮIJȚțȩ ȚıȠȗȪȖȚȠ- ıȤİIJȚțȐ ȝİ IJȠ ȤȡȩȞȠ țĮȚ IJȘ įȩıȘ IJȘȢ İʌȩȝİȞȘȢ ȐȡįİȣıȘȢ. ȉȠ İȡȖĮȜİȓȠ ijȚȜȠȟİȞİȓIJĮȚ ıIJȘ įȚİȪșȣȞıȘ www.agriculture.gr/arta (ǼȚțȩȞĮ 4) țĮȚ ʌĮȡȑȤİȚ: x ȆȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓĮ ıȤİIJȚțȐ ȝİ IJȘȞ İȟĮIJȝȚıȠįȚĮʌȞȠȒ IJȘȢ ʌȡȠȘȖȠȪȝİȞȘȢ ȘȝȑȡĮȢ (ĮȞĮijȠȡȐȢ țĮȚ İʌȚȜİȖȝȑȞȦȞ țĮȜȜȚİȡȖİȚȫȞ). x ǿıIJȠȡȚțȐ įİįȠȝȑȞĮ ıȤİIJȚțȐ ȝİ IJȘȞ İȟĮIJȝȚıȠįȚĮʌȞȠȒ. x ȈȪȞįİıȘ ʌȡȠȢ IJȠȞ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȚıIJȒ İʌȩȝİȞȘȢ ȐȡįİȣıȘȢ. x ǺȠȒșİȚĮ ıȤİIJȚțȐ ȝİ IJȘ ȤȡȒıȘ IJȠȣ țĮȚ IJȘȞ İȚıĮȖȦȖȒ įİįȠȝȑȞȦȞ ʌȠȣ ȗȘIJȠȪȞIJĮȚ Įʌȩ IJȠ ȤȡȒıIJȘ țĮȚ ıȣȞįȑıȝȠȣȢ ʌȡȠȢ ıȤİIJȚțȠȪȢ įȚțIJȣĮțȠȪȢ IJȩʌȠȣȢ.

ǼȚțȩȞĮ 4. ǹȡȤȚțȒ ıİȜȓįĮ įȚțIJȣĮțȠȪ İȡȖĮȜİȓȠȣ ȖȚĮ įȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘ ĮȡįİȪıİȦȞ. Ǿ ijȚȜȠıȠijȓĮ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ IJȠȣ ıȣȞȠȥȓȗİIJĮȚ ıIJȠ ȩIJȚ IJĮ įİįȠȝȑȞĮ (ȑȞIJĮıȘ ȘȜȚĮțȒȢ ĮțIJȚȞȠȕȠȜȓĮȢ, șİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ țĮȚ ıȤİIJȚțȒ ȣȖȡĮıȓĮ ĮȑȡĮ, IJĮȤȪIJȘIJĮ ĮȞȑȝȠȣ țĮȚ ȪȥȠȢ ȕȡȠȤȒȢ) ıȣȜȜȑȖȠȞIJĮȚ ıIJȠ IJȑȜȠȢ țȐșİ ȘȝȑȡĮȢ Įʌȩ IJȠȣȢ ȝİIJİȦȡȠȜȠȖȚțȠȪȢ ıIJĮșȝȠȪȢ. Ȃİ ȕȐıȘ ĮȣIJȐ ȖȓȞİIJĮȚ Ƞ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȚıȝȩȢ IJȘȢ İȟĮIJȝȚıȠįȚĮʌȞȠȒȢ ĮȞĮijȠȡȐȢ țĮȚ IJȦȞ İʌȚȜİȖȝȑȞȦȞ țĮȜȜȚİȡȖİȚȫȞ [Ǽȟ. 2]. ǼțIJȩȢ Įʌȩ IJȚȢ IJȡİȚȢ țȪȡȚİȢ țĮȜȜȚȑȡȖİȚİȢ ıȤİIJȚțȑȢ ʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢ įȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ țĮȚ ȖȚĮ ȤȜȠȠIJȐʌȘIJĮ (șİȡȝȒȢ țĮȚ ȥȣȤȡȒȢ ʌİȡȚȩįȠȣ). Ǿ ʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓĮ ĮȣIJȒ İȓȞĮȚ ȐȝİıĮ įȚĮșȑıȚȝȘ ıIJȘȞ ĮȡȤȚțȒ ıİȜȓįĮ. ǹțȩȝȘ įȚĮIJȘȡİȓIJĮȚ ĮȡȤİȓȠ ȚıIJȠȡȚțȫȞ įİįȠȝȑȞȦȞ İȟĮIJȝȚıȠįȚĮʌȞȠȒȢ ıİ İȚįȚțȒ ıİȜȓįĮ IJȘȞ ȠʌȠȓĮ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ ĮʌȠșȘțİȪıİȚ Ȓ ȞĮ IJȣʌȫıİȚ țȐșİ İȞįȚĮijİȡȩȝİȞȠȢ. 56

ȊįĮIJȚțȠȓȆȩȡȠȚ

DzȞĮ Įʌȩ IJĮ țĮȚȞȠIJȩȝĮ ȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȐ IJȠȣ İȡȖĮȜİȓȠȣ İȓȞĮȚ Ș ıȣȝȕȠȣȜȒ ȐȡįİȣıȘȢ. ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȢ ȝȚĮ ıİȚȡȐ Įʌȩ ʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢ (IJȠʌȠșİıȓĮ, ȑțIJĮıȘ, İʌȚȜȠȖȒ țĮȜȜȚȑȡȖİȚĮȢ, ȕȐșȠȢ İȞİȡȖȠȪ ȡȚȗȠıIJȡȫȝĮIJȠȢ (İȐȞ İȓȞĮȚ ȖȞȦıIJȩ), IJȪʌȠ İįȐijȠȣȢ (İȜĮijȡȪ, ȝȑıȠ, ȕĮȡȪ), IJȪʌȠ ıȣıIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ ȐȡįİȣıȘȢ (İʌȚijĮȞİȚĮțȒ ȐȡįİȣıȘ, țĮIJĮȚȠȞȚıȝȩȢ, ȝȚțȡȠȐȡįİȣıȘ ȝİ ȝȚțȡȠİțIJȠȟİȣIJȒȡİȢ, ȝȚțȡȠȐȡįİȣıȘ ȝİ ıIJĮȜȐțIJİȢ), ʌĮȡȠȤȒ ıȣıIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ, ȘȝİȡȠȝȘȞȓĮ, ȫȡĮ țĮȚ įȚȐȡțİȚĮ IJİȜİȣIJĮȓĮȢ ȐȡįİȣıȘȢ țĮșȫȢ țĮȚ ȣȖȡĮıȓĮ IJȠȣ İįȐijȠȣȢ ʌȡȚȞ IJȘȞ IJİȜİȣIJĮȓĮ ȐȡįİȣıȘ (İȐȞ ȣʌȐȡȤİȚ ȝȑIJȡȘıȘ Ȓ İțIJȓȝȘıȘ)) Ƞ ȤȡȒıIJȘȢ șĮ ʌȐȡİȚ ȦȢ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȘ IJȠ ȚıȠȗȪȖȚȠ ȞİȡȠȪ (Allen ț.Į., 1998) Įʌȩ IJȘȞ ȘȝȑȡĮ IJȘȢ IJİȜİȣIJĮȓĮȢ ȐȡįİȣıȘȢ ȑȦȢ 3 ȘȝȑȡİȢ Įʌȩ IJȘȞ ȘȝȑȡĮ ıȣȝȕȠȣȜȒȢ. ǹțȩȝȘ șĮ ȜȐȕİȚ ıȣȝȕȠȣȜȒ ıȤİIJȚțȐ ȝİ İȐȞ țĮȚ ʌȩIJİ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ĮȡįİȪıİȚ țĮȚ ʌȩıȠ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ įȚĮȡțȑıİȚ Ș ȐȡįİȣıȘ ȫıIJİ IJȠ ȑįĮijȠȢ ȞĮ ijIJȐıİȚ ıIJȘȞ ȣįĮIJȠȚțĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ. 5. ȈȊȂȆǼȇǹȈȂǹȉǹ ȉĮ įİįȠȝȑȞĮ ȑįİȚȟĮȞ ȩIJȚ IJĮ ʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡĮ ıȣıIJȒȝĮIJĮ ȐȡįİȣıȘȢ IJȡȚȫȞ ȕĮıȚțȫȞ țĮȜȜȚİȡȖİȚȫȞ IJȘȢ DZȡIJĮȢ ȑȤȠȣȞ ʌȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮ ıȤİįȚĮıȝȠȪ țĮȚ İȖțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȢ ʌȠȣ ȠįȘȖȠȪȞ ıİ ȤĮȝȘȜȠȪȢ ıȣȞIJİȜİıIJȑȢ ĮʌȩįȠıȘȢ İȞȫ Ƞ ʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȩȢ IJȦȞ ĮȡįİȪıİȦȞ ȖȓȞİIJĮȚ İȝʌİȚȡȚțȐ ıIJȘȡȚȗȩȝİȞȠȢ ıİ ʌĮȡĮįȠıȚĮțȑȢ İʌȚȜȠȖȑȢ. Ȃİ ıțȠʌȩ IJȘ ıȣȝȕȠȜȒ ıİ ȠȡșȠȜȠȖȚțȩIJİȡȘ ȤȡȒıȘ IJȠȣ ȞİȡȠȪ ıIJȘȞ ʌİȡȚȠȤȒ ĮȞĮʌIJȪȤșȘțİ ȑȞĮȢ įȚĮįȚțIJȣĮțȩȢ IJȩʌȠȢ Ƞ ȠʌȠȓȠȢ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȐ ȝİIJİȦȡȠȜȠȖȚțȐ įİįȠȝȑȞĮ, İțIJȚȝȐ IJȘȞ ȘȝİȡȒıȚĮ ȣįĮIJȠțĮIJĮȞȐȜȦıȘ IJȦȞ IJȣʌȚțȫȞ țĮȜȜȚİȡȖİȚȫȞ IJȘȢ DZȡIJĮȢ țĮȚ ʌĮȡȑȤİȚ ıȣȝȕȠȣȜȑȢ ıȤİIJȚțȐ ȝİ IJȠȞ ʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȩ IJȦȞ ĮȡįİȪıİȦȞ. Ǿ ĮʌȒȤȘıȘ IJȠȣ İȡȖĮȜİȓȠȣ İȓȞĮȚ ıȘȝĮȞIJȚțȒ țĮȚ Ș İȝʌİȚȡȓĮ Įʌȩ IJȘȞ ȑȦȢ IJȫȡĮ ȤȡȒıȘ IJȠȣ İȓȞĮȚ ʌȠȜȪ șİIJȚțȒ. Ȉİ țȐșİ ʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘ ȩȝȦȢ IJĮ ʌİȡȚșȫȡȚĮ ȕİȜIJȓȦıȘȢ İȓȞĮȚ ȝİȖȐȜĮ țĮȚ Ƞ ıIJȩȤȠȢ ʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚ Ș ȣȜȠʌȠȓȘıȘ ȝȓĮȢ ȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦȝȑȞȘȢ ȣʌȘȡİıȓĮȢ ȖȚĮ IJȘ įȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘ IJȘȢ ȐȡįİȣıȘȢ. ǹȣIJȩ șĮ İʌȚIJİȣȤșİȓ ȝȑıȦ İʌȑțIJĮıȘȢ IJȠȣ įȚțIJȪȠȣ IJȦȞ ȝİIJİȦȡȠȜȠȖȚțȫȞ ıIJĮșȝȫȞ ȝİ ıțȠʌȩ IJȘȞ țȐȜȣȥȘ ʌİȡȚȠȤȫȞ ıİ İʌȓʌİįȠ ȣįȡȠȜȠȖȚțȒȢ ȜİțȐȞȘȢ, ʌȡȩıșİıȘ įİįȠȝȑȞȦȞ (ȝİ ȤȡȒıȘ GIS) ıȤİIJȚțȐ ȝİ IJȘȞ IJȠʌȠȖȡĮijȓĮ țĮȚ IJȘȞ ȣįȡȠȜȠȖȚțȒ țĮIJȐıIJĮıȘ IJȘȢ ʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢ, İțʌĮȓįİȣıȘȢ IJȦȞ IJİȜȚțȫȞ ȤȡȘıIJȫȞ ĮȜȜȐ țĮȚ IJȦȞ ıȣȝȕȠȪȜȦȞ IJȠȣȢ ıȤİIJȚțȐ ȝİ IJȘ ȤȡȒıȘ IJȠȣ İȡȖĮȜİȓȠȣ țĮȚ ıȣıIJȘȝĮIJȚțȒȢ ĮȟȚȠȜȩȖȘıȘȢ IJȘȢ ȤȡȒıȘȢ IJȠȣ İȡȖĮȜİȓȠȣ ȝİ ıțȠʌȩ IJȘ ıȣȞİȤȒ ȕİȜIJȓȦıȒ IJȠȣ. ǼȣȤĮȡȚıIJȓİȢ H İȡȖĮıȓĮ İțʌȠȞȒșȘțİ ıIJȠ ʌȜĮȓıȚȠ IJȠȣ ȑȡȖȠȣ «ǹȃǹȆȉȊȄǾ Ȁǹǿ ȆȇȅȍĬǾȈǾ īǿǹ ȉǹ ȈȊȈȉǾȂǹȉǹ ȆǹȇǹīȍīǾȈ ǺǿȅȁȅīǿȀǾȈ ȀǹȁȁǿǼȇīǼǿǹȈ - Pro.Bio.Sis., ȊʌȠȑȡȖȠ 9 (I2101029)», IJȘȢ ȀȆ INTERREG IIIǹ Ǽȁȁǹǻǹ - ǿȉǹȁǿǹ 2000-2006 (ȤȡȘȝĮIJȠįȩIJȘıȘ 75% Įʌȩ IJȠ ǼȣȡȦʌĮȧțȩ ȉĮȝİȓȠ ȆİȡȚijİȡİȚĮțȒȢ ǹȞȐʌIJȣȟȘȢ țĮȚ 25% ǼșȞȚțȠȓ ʌȩȡȠȚ). ǺǿǺȁǿȅīȇǹĭǿǹ Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D. and Smith, M., 1998. Crop evapotranspiration Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. FAO, Rome, 290 pp. Aquacraft Inc., 2001. WeatherTRAK 2001 Study Report: Performance Evaluation of WeatherTRAK®. Irrigation Controllers in Colorado. www.aquacraft.com/weathert.html. ȆȡȠıʌİȜȐıIJȘțİ: 20 ǿĮȞ 2009. ǹȡĮȝʌĮIJȗȒȢ, ī. țĮȚ ȂĮȜȚIJıȓįȠȣ, ǹ., 2009. ǼȟȠȚțȠȞȩȝȘıȘ ȞİȡȠȪ ȝȑıȦ įȚĮįȚțIJȪȠȣ. ǹgronews ȆȡȠıʌİȜȐıIJȘțİ: 2 ǹʌȡ. 2009. California Department of Water Resources, 2008. CIMIS - California Irrigation Management Information System. http://wwwcimis.water.ca.gov. ȆȡȠıʌİȜȐıIJȘțİ: 15 ȂĮȡ 2008. 57

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